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1,891 results for “Field data”
Statistics and Evaluation Data for Publication "Using Supervised Learning to Classify Metadata of Research Data by Field of Study"
<p>Automated classification of metadata of research data by their discipline(s) of research can be used in scientometric research, by repository service providers, and in the context of research data aggregation services. Openly available metadata of the DataCite index for research data were used to compile a large training and evaluation set comprised of 609,524 records. This publication contains aggregated data for the paper. It also contains the evaluation data of all model/hyper-parameter training and test runs.</p>
Spherical harmonic model of the Moon's magnetic field derived from gridded data in Tsunakawa et al. (2015)
<p><strong>T2015_449</strong> is a 449 degree and order spherical harmonic model of the magnetic potential of the Moon. This model was used in Wieczorek (2018) and is a spherical harmonic expansion of the global magnetic field model of Tsunakawa et al. (2015). The original gridded data are from the file "globalSVM20150511/LunarSVM_000_02_v01.dat" and the spherical harmonic coefficients use the standard Schmidt semi-normalization, excluding the Condon-Shortley phase factor of (-1)<sup>m</sup>. The coefficients are in units of Teslas.</p>
Data from: Complexity of frequency receptive fields predicts tonotopic variability across species
<p><span>Primary cortical areas contain maps of sensory features, including sound frequency in primary auditory cortex (A1). Two-photon calcium imaging in mice has confirmed the presence of these global tonotopic maps, while uncovering an unexpected local variability in the stimulus preferences of individual neurons in A1 and other primary regions. Here we show that local heterogeneity of frequency preferences is not unique to rodents. Using two-photon calcium imaging in layers 2/3, we found that local variance in frequency preferences is equivalent in ferrets and mice. Neurons with multipeaked frequency tuning are less spatially organized than those tuned to a single frequency in both species. Furthermore, we show that microelectrode recordings may describe a smoother tonotopic arrangement due to a sampling bias towards neurons with simple frequency tuning. These results help explain previous inconsistencies in cortical topography across species and recording techniques. </span></p>
Data from: Pyroelectricity and field induced spin-flop in (4-(Aminomethyl)pyridinium)2MnCl4•2H2O
Large single crystals of (4-(Aminomethyl)pyridinium)2MnCl4•2H2O (1) were grown by slow evaporation of solution. The crystal structure was solved to be Pī, which belong to the central symmetric space group. But small pyroelectric current was detected, as well as a ferroelectric hysteresis loop. The pyroelectric and the ferroelectric property was attributed to the strain caused by defects. Temperature dependent magnetic curves and the M-H curve shows that 1 is antiferromagnetic ordering below 2.5 K. A field induced spin-flop is observed in the antiferromagnetic ordering state.
Data from: Are replication rates the same across academic fields? community forecasts from the DARPA SCORE program
The DARPA program "Systematizing Confidence in Open Research and Evidence" (SCORE) aims to generate confidence scores for a large number of research claims from empirical studies in the social and behavioral sciences. The confidence scores will provide a quantitative assessment of how likely a claim will hold up in an independent replication. To create the scores we follow earlier approaches and use prediction markets and surveys to forecast replication outcomes. Based on an initial set of forecasts for the overall replication rate in SCORE and its dependence on the academic discipline and the time of publication, we show that participants expect replication rates to increase over time. Moreover, they expect replication rates to differ between fields, with the highest replication rate in economics (average survey response 58%), and the lowest in Psychology and in Education (average survey response of 42% for both fields). These results reveal insights into the academic community's views of the replication crisis, including for research fields for which no large-scale replication studies have been undertaken yet.
Data from: Non-consumptive predator effects modify crayfish induced bioturbation as mediated by limb loss: field and mesocosm experiments
1. We addressed the implications of limb loss and regeneration for multi-species interactions and their impacts on ecosystem engineering in freshwater stream environments. 2. We included regenerative and non-regenerative crayfish as well as fish predators in a 2x2 factorial design to assess the effects on water turbidity of interactions between crayfish ecosystem engineers differing in regenerative status and their fish predators. 3. We demonstrated that crayfish limb loss and predation risks lead to more turbidity in field and mesocosm conditions. Moreover, ongoing regeneration of crayfish increased turbidity, while fish presence seemed to hinder crayfish turbidity-inducing behaviors (such as tail-flipping and burrowing) in the mesocosm experiment. 4. We confirmed that greater numbers of crayfish produce a greater amount of turbidity in-situ in streams. 5. Although mechanical burrowing crayfish capacities may depend on crayfish burrowing classification (primary, secondary, or tertiary), our work emphasizes the implication for turbidity levels of crayfish autotomy in freshwater streams.
Common field data limitations can substantially bias sexual selection metrics
<p>Sexual selection studies widely estimate several metrics, but values may be inaccurate because standard field methods for studying wild populations produce limited data (e.g., incomplete sampling, inability to observe copulations directly). We compared four selection metrics (Bateman gradient, opportunity for sexual selection, opportunity for selection, and <em>s'<sub>max</sub></em>) estimated with simulated complete and simulated limited data for 15 socially monogamous songbird species with extra-pair paternity (4-54% extra-pair offspring). Inferring copulation success from offspring parentage creates non-independence between these variables and systematically underestimates copulation success. We found that this introduces substantial bias for the Bateman gradient, opportunity for sexual selection, and <em>s'<sub>max</sub></em>. Notably, 47.5% of detected Bateman gradients were significantly positive for females, suggesting selection on females to copulate with multiple males, though the true Bateman gradient was zero. Bias generally increased with the extent of other sources of data limitations tested (nest predation, male infertility, and unsampled floater males). Incomplete offspring sampling introduced bias for all metrics except the Bateman gradient, while incomplete sampling of extra-pair sires did not introduce additional bias when sires were a random subset of breeding males. Overall, our findings demonstrate how biases due to field data limitations can strongly impact the study of sexual selection.</p>
Data from: Interactions between seed-dispersing ant species affect plant community composition in field mesocosms
<p>1. In generalized mutualisms, species vary in the quality of services they provide to their partners directly via traits that affect partner fitness and indirectly via traits that influence interactions with mutualist species that play similar functional roles. Myrmecochory, or seed dispersal by ants, is a generalized mutualism with ant species varying in the quality of dispersal services they provide to their plant partners. Variation in ant species identity can directly impact seed dispersal patterns and plant community composition; however, we know less about how interactions among seed-dispersing ant species indirectly influence plant partners.</p> <p>2. The invasive ant, <i>Myrmica rubra,</i> is a high-quality seed-disperser in its native range and interacts with myrmecochores (ant-dispersed plants) and the high-quality seed disperser <i>Aphaenogaster </i>sp. in its invaded range. We use this system to examine how interactions between two functionally similar mutualist ant species influence the recruitment and community composition of ant-dispersed plants.</p> <p>3. We performed a field mesocosm experiment and a lab behavioral experiment to compare discovery and dominance behaviors between ant species, and seed dispersal and seedling recruitment of four myrmecochore species among intraspecific interaction treatments of each ant species and an interspecific interaction treatment.</p> <p>4. We found that <i>M. rubra</i> was better at discovering and dispersing seeds, but that <i>Aphaenogaster</i> sp. was dominantly aggressive over <i>M. rubra</i>. Interspecific interactions dampened seed dispersal relative to dispersal by the better disperser. Despite this dampening, we found no effect of interspecific interaction on seedling recruitment. However, community composition of seedlings in the interspecific interaction treatment was more similar to composition in the aggressively dominant ant (<i>Aphaenogaster </i>sp.) treatment than in the better discoverer ant (<i>M. rubra</i>) treatment.</p> <p>5. We show that interspecific interaction between mutualist species in the same functional guild affects the outcome of mutualistic interactions with partner species. Despite the native ant dispersing fewer seeds, its dominance over the subordinate (invasive) ant has the potential to allow for some level of biotic resistance against the effects of M. rubra on plant communities when these species co-exist.</p>
Satellite Data for Corn and Soybean Fields + Other Land Cover: Illinois, US, 2017-2019
<p>These are the datasets associated with the paper:<br> Hannah Kerner, Ritvik Sahajpal, Sergii Skakun, Inbal Becker-Reshef, Brian Barker, Mehdi Hosseini, Estefania Puricelli, and Patrick Gray. 2020. Resilient In-Season Crop Type Classification in Multispectral Satellite Observations using Growth Stage Normalization. In <em>KDD ’20: ACM Special Interest Group (SIG) on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining Conference Workshops</em>, August 23–27, 2020, San Diego, CA. </p> <p>The code that uses these datasets can be found at: <a href="https://github.com/nasaharvest/croptype-mapping-gsn/tree">https://github.com/nasaharvest/croptype-mapping-gsn</a></p>
Data from: Dark ophiuroid biodiversity in a prospective abyssal mine field
The seafloor contains valuable mineral resources, including polymetallic (or manganese) nodules that form on offshore abyssal plains. The largest and most commercially attractive deposits are located in the Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ), in the eastern Pacific Ocean (EP) between Hawaii and Mexico, where testing of a mineral collection system is set to start soon [1]. The requirement to establish pre-mining environmental management plans has prompted numerous recent biodiversity and DNA barcoding surveys across these remote regions. Here we map DNA sequences from sampled ophiuroids (brittle-stars, including post-larvae) of the CCZ and Peru Basin onto a substantial tree-of-life to show unprecedented levels of abyssal ophiuroid phylogenetic diversity including at least three ancient (>70 my), previously unknown clades. While substantial dark (unobserved) biodiversity has been reported from various microbial meta-barcoding projects [2, 3], our data shows that we have considerably under-estimated the biodiversity of even the most conspicuous mega-faunal invertebrates [4] of the EP abyssal plain.
Data for: Foraging speed and precision of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under field conditions: An experimental approach
<p>To better understand the ecology of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, we need to measure functional traits of individual fungal virtual taxa under field conditions. The efficiency of AM fungi in locating nutrient-rich patches in soil space is one of their central traits in this symbiotic relationship. We used plots of a long-term field experiment in grassland with manipulated functional group composition of host plant community to establish ingrowth patches with substrate free of roots and fungi and with varying nutrient availability. Comparison of the original AM fungal community before patch creation with that present 9 weeks after patch establishment enabled us to estimate relative hyphal foraging speed for 41 fungal taxa, and a comparison of the fungal community in neighbouring patches differing in nutrient availability provided estimates of hyphal foraging precision for 22 taxa. Members of two dominant fungal families, Glomeraceae and Claroideoglomeraceae, differed in their foraging speed and precision. Glomeraceae taxa responded more slowly, but with a higher focus on enriched patches. We further demonstrated the usefulness of obtained fungal functional traits by testing the differences between grass and dicotyledonous plant hosts using a dataset obtained in another experiment at the same plots. Grass species hosted AM fungal communities with higher foraging speed, but lower foraging precision than the dicotyledonous species. Our study results support the use of field experiments for measuring comparative characteristics of AM fungi, which are highly elusive (or mis-represented) under controlled conditions.</p>
Data from: Strong effects of lab-to-field environmental transitions on the bacterial intestinal microbiota of Mus musculus are modulated by Trichuris muris infection
<p>Studies of controlled lab animals and natural populations represent two insightful extremes of microbiota research. We bridged these two approaches by transferring lab-bred female C57BL/6 mice from a conventional mouse facility to an acclimation room and then to an outdoor enclosure, to investigate how the gut microbiota changes with environment. Mice residing under constant conditions served as controls. Using 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples, we found that the shift in temperature and humidity, as well as exposure to a natural environment, increased microbiota diversity and altered community composition. Community composition in mice exposed to high temperatures and humidity diverged as much from the microbiota of mice housed outdoors as from the microbiota of control mice. Additionally, infection with the nematode <i>Trichuris muris</i> modulated how the microbiota responded to environmental transitions: The dynamics of several families were buffered by the nematodes, while invasion rates of two taxa acquired outdoors were magnified. These findings suggest that gut bacterial communities respond dynamically and simultaneously to changes within the host's body (e.g., the presence of nematodes) and to changes in the wider environment of the host.</p>
Full-field numerical simulations of temperate ice viscoplastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization [Data set]
<p>This data set corresponds to the scientific article Llorens, M.-G., Griera, A., Bons, P.D., Gomez-Rivas, E., Weikusat, I., Prior, D., Kerch, J. and Lebensohn, R.A. Seismic anisotropy of temperate ice in polar ice sheets. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface.</p> <p>This data set contains (i) the output files with the crystal orientation and phase data of each simulation presented in the article (run using the open-source software platform ELLE; Bons et al., 2008; Piazolo et al., 2019), and (ii) a code to plot the crystallographic orientation density function (ODF) using the open-source code MTEX (Mainprice et al., 2015). For the visualization of seismic wave velocities the information contained in these output files can be loaded (in radians) to the software package AEH-EBSD Analysis Toolbox (Naus-Thijseen, 2011; Vel et al., 2016). The output files are provided for time steps 50 (shear strain of 1), 100 (shear strain of 2), 200 (shear strain of 4), 300 (shear strain of 6) and 400 (shear strain of 8).</p> <p>Each file has eight columns and multiple rows. Each row stores the output data for an unode of the model, and the model has 256x256 unodes. The first three columns correspond to the three Euler angles (<em>α</em>, <em>β</em>, <em>γ</em>) in degrees, the fourth and fifth column are the <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> coordinates of each unode, the sixth and seventh columns contain attributes not used in these simulations and column eight shows the phase number corresponding to each unode (1 for solid ice and 2 for water).</p> <p>Three simulations are presented and analyzed in this article, and thus their results stored in this data set:</p> <p>Simulation 1: purely solid ice (melt fraction <em>ϕ</em>=0)</p> <p>Simulation 2: ice including 5% water (melt fraction <em>ϕ</em>=5)</p> <p>Simulation 3: ice including 15% water (melt fraction <em>ϕ</em>=15)</p>
Data archive for the peer-reviewed journal article "Detailed characterization of the CAPS single scattering albedo monitor (CAPS PMssa) as a field-deployable instrument for measuring aerosol light absorption with the extinction-minus-scattering method"
<p>Data archive accompanying the peer-reviewed journal article "Detailed characterization of the CAPS single scattering albedo monitor (CAPS PMssa) as a field-deployable instrument for measuring aerosol light absorption with the extinction-minus-scattering method". In 2020 this article was accepted for publication in the journal <em>Atmospheric Measurement Techniques</em>. Data are uploaded in the form of ascii text files, Igor Pro experiment files (.pxp), and Jupyter notebook files. In addition, a Jupyter notebook file is included containing an implementation of the error model used in the paper.</p>
Neutrino emission by plasmon decay in a strong magnetic field: Data material
<p>This data reference paper summarizes the fundamental calculated results obtained analytically for the case of a neutron star (NS) crust: it’s cooling rate, time-scale evolution and neutrino luminosity, based on two different theories- Photo-Neutrino (PN) interaction and conventional weak interaction. Considering the NS environment as a degenerate plasmon composition the calculation tables are given. </p>
Data for: Free-Breathing Water, Fat, R2∗ and B0 Field Mapping of the Liver Using Multi-Echo Radial FLASH and Regularized Model-based Reconstruction (MERLOT)
<p>Data for our manuscript with title "Free-Breathing Water, Fat, R2∗ and B0 Field Mapping of the Liver Using Multi-Echo Radial FLASH and Regularized Model-based Reconstruction (MERLOT)"</p>
SAXS calculations for Refinement of 𝛼-synuclein ensembles against SAXS data: Comparison of force fields and methods
<p>SAXS curves calculated from MD simulations used as input to reweighting as described in preprint Refinement of 𝛼-synuclein ensembles against SAXS data: Comparison of force fields and methods</p>
Data associated with "Modulation of intercolumnar synchronization by endogenous electric fields in cerebral cortex"
<p>These is data associated with the article "Modulation of intercolumnar synchronization by endogenous electric fields in cerebral cortex" in Science Advances 2021, by the same authors.</p>
Data from: Context-dependent expression of the foraging gene in field colonies of ants: the interacting roles of age, environment and task
Task allocation among social insect workers is an ideal framework for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying behavioural plasticity because workers of similar genotype adopt different behavioural phenotypes. Elegant laboratory studies have pioneered this effort, but field studies involving the genetic regulation of task allocation are rare. Here, we investigate the expression of the foraging gene in harvester ant workers from five age- and task-related groups in a natural population, and we experimentally test how exposure to light affects foraging expression in brood workers and foragers. Results from our field study show that the regulation of the foraging gene in harvester ants occurs at two time scales: levels of foraging mRNA are associated with ontogenetic changes over weeks in worker age, location and task, and there are significant daily oscillations in foraging expression in foragers. The temporal dissection of foraging expression reveals that gene expression changes in foragers occur across a scale of hours and the level of expression is predicted by activity rhythms: foragers have high levels of foraging mRNA during daylight hours when they are most active outside the nests. In the experimental study, we find complex interactions in foraging expression between task behaviour and light exposure. Oscillations occur in foragers following experimental exposure to 13 L : 11 D (LD) conditions, but not in brood workers under similar conditions. No significant differences were seen in foraging expression over time in either task in 24 h dark (DD) conditions. Interestingly, the expression of foraging in both undisturbed field and experimentally treated foragers is also significantly correlated with the expression of the circadian clock gene, cycle. Our results provide evidence that the regulation of this gene is context-dependent and associated with both ontogenetic and daily behavioural plasticity in field colonies of harvester ants. Our results underscore the importance of assaying temporal patterns in behavioural gene expression and suggest that gene regulation is an integral mechanism associated with behavioural plasticity in harvester ants.
Data from: Contrasting patterns of functional diversity in coffee root fungal communities associated with organic and conventionally-managed fields
<p>The structure and function of fungal communities in the coffee rhizosphere is shaped by crop environment. Because coffee can be grown along a management continuum from conventional application of pesticides and fertilizers in full sun to organic management in a shaded understory, we used coffee fields to hold host constant while comparing rhizosphere fungal communities in markedly different environmental conditions with regard to shade and inputs. We characterized the shade and soil environment in 25 fields under conventional, organic or transitional management in two regions of Costa Rica. We amplified the ITS2 region of fungal DNA from coffee roots in these fields and characterized the rhizosphere fungal community via high-throughput sequencing. Sequences were assigned to guilds to determine differences in functional diversity and trophic structure among coffee field environments. Organic fields had more shade, a greater richness of shade tree species, more leaf litter, and were less acidic, with lower soil nitrate availability and higher soil copper, calcium, and magnesium than conventionally-managed fields, although differences between organic and conventionally-managed fields in shade, calcium and magnesium depended on region. Differences in richness and community composition of rhizosphere fungi between organic and conventionally-managed fields were also correlated with shade, soil acidity, nitrate, and copper. Trophic structure differed with coffee field management. Saprotrophs, plant pathogens, and mycoparasites were more diverse and plant pathogens were more abundant in organic than in conventionally-managed fields, while saprotroph-plant pathogens were more abundant in conventionally-managed fields. These differences reflected environmental differences and depended on region.</p> <p><b>IMPORTANCE</b></p> <p>Rhizosphere fungi play key roles in ecosystems, as nutrient cyclers, pathogens, and mutualists, yet little is currently known about which environmental factors and how agricultural management shape rhizosphere fungal communities and their functional diversity. This field study of the coffee agroecosystem suggests that organic management not only fosters a greater overall diversity of fungi, but also maintains a greater richness of saprotrophic, plant pathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi that has implications for efficiency of nutrient cycling and regulation of plant pathogen populations in agricultural systems. As well as influencing community composition and richness of rhizosphere fungi, shade management and use of fungicides and synthetic fertilizers altered the trophic structure of the coffee agroecosystem.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.