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1,989 results for “Fires”
Projected Smoke Impacts from Increased Prescribed Fire Activity (PHIRE) Smoke Modeling Datasets
<p>This dataset support the publication, Kramer et al., 2023, submitted to JGR: Atmospheres on 01-13-2023</p> <p>This project was supported by a grant from the CAL FIRE Forest Health Research Program (Agreement #8GG19803), as part of California Climate Investments. California Climate Investments is a statewide program that puts billions of Cap-and-Trade dollars to work reducing greenhouse gas emissions, strengthening the economy, and improving public health and the environment—particularly in disadvantaged communities. This study has not been reviewed by the funding agency and may not represent their opinion and interpretation of the findings. We also would like to acknowledge all participating organizations in the PHIRE team: The California Department of Public Health- Sumi Hoshiko; The Sequoia Foundation- Jeff Sanchez; U.S. EPA- Ana G. Rappold; Michigan Technological University- Nancy French; the U.S. Forest Service- Leland Tarnay; and Sonoma Technology- Fred Lurmann, ShihMing Huang, Samantha J. Kramer, Crystal McClure, and Melissa Chaveste. Beyond the authors of this publication, we would also like to acknowledge Sonoma Technology team members Kenneth J. Craig and Anondo Mukherjee for their contributions.</p>
Data for: Frequent fire slows microbial decomposition of newly deposited fine fuels in a pyrophilic ecosystem
<p>Fire-plant feedbacks engineer recurrent fires in pyrophilic ecosystems like savannas. The mechanisms sustaining these feedbacks may be related to plant adaptations that trigger rapid responses to fire's effects on soil. Plants adapted for high fire frequencies should quickly regrow, flower, and produce seeds that mature rapidly and disperse post-fire. We hypothesized that offspring of such plants would germinate and grow rapidly, responding to fire-generated changes in soil nutrients and biota. We conducted an experiment using longleaf pine savanna plants that were paired based on differences in reproduction and survival under annual ("more" pyrophilic) vs. less frequent ("less" pyrophilic) fire regimes. Seeds were planted in different soil inoculations from experimental fires of varying severity. The "more" pyrophilic species displayed high germination rates followed by species-specific, rapid growth responses to soil location and fire severity effects on soils. In contrast, the "less" pyrophilic species had lower germination rates that were not responsive to soil treatments. This suggests that rapid germination and growth constitute adaptations to frequent fires and that plants respond differently to fire severity effects on soil abiotic factors and microbes. Further, variable plant responses to post-fire soils may influence plant community diversity and fire-fuel feedbacks in pyrophilic ecosystems.</p>
Data and code from: Shifting social-ecological fire regimes explain increasing structure loss from Western wildfires
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Higuera, P.E., M.C. Cook, J.K. Balch, E.N. Stavros, A.L. Mahood, and L.A. St. Denis. 2023. Shifting social-ecological fire regimes explain increasing structure loss from Western wildfires. PNAS Nexus 2: In Press.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Structure loss is an acute, costly impact of the wildfire crisis in the western United States ("West"), motivating the need to understand recent trends and causes. We document a 246% rise in West-wide structure loss from wildfires between 1999–2009 and 2010–2020, driven strongly by events in 2017, 2018, and 2020. Increased structure loss was not due to increased area burned alone. Wildfires became significantly more destructive, with a 160% higher structure loss rate (loss/kha burned) over the past decade. Structure loss was driven primarily by wildfires from unplanned human-related ignitions (e.g. backyard burning, power lines, etc.), which accounted for 76% of all structure loss and resulted in 10 times more structures destroyed per unit area burned compared to lightning-ignited fires. Annual structure loss was well explained by area burned from human-related ignitions, while decadal structure loss was explained by state-level structure abundance in flammable vegetation. Both predictors increased over recent decades and likely interacted with increased fuel aridity to drive structure-loss trends. While states are diverse in patterns and trends, nearly all experienced more burning from human-related ignitions and/or higher structure loss rates, particularly California, Washington, and Oregon. Our findings highlight how fire regimes – characteristics of fire over space and time – are fundamentally social-ecological phenomena. By resolving the diversity of Western fire regimes, our work informs regionally appropriate mitigation and adaptation strategies. With millions of structures with high fire risk, reducing human-related ignitions and rethinking how we build are critical for preventing future wildfire disasters.</span></p>
Herbaceous vegetation responses to experimental fire in savannas and forests depend on biome and climate
<p>Fire-vegetation feedbacks potentially maintain global savanna and forest distributions. Accordingly, vegetation in savanna and forest ecosystems should have differential responses to fire, but fire response data for herbaceous vegetation has yet to be synthesized across biomes. Here, we examined herbaceous vegetation responses to experimental fire at 30 sites spanning four continents. Across a variety of metrics, herbaceous vegetation increased in abundance where fire was applied, with larger responses to fire in wetter and in cooler and/or less seasonal systems. Compared to forests, savannas were associated with a 4.8 (±0.4) times larger difference in burned versus unburned herbaceous vegetation abundance. In particular, grass cover decreased with fire exclusion in savannas, largely via decreases in C<sub>4</sub> grass cover, whereas changes in fire frequency had a relatively weak effect on grass cover in forests. These differential responses underscore the importance of fire for maintaining the vegetation structure of savannas and forests.</p>
Effects of hydrogen jet fires on the erosion of tunnel road materials and lining materials
<p>This HSE test programme investigated erosive effects of an ignited high pressure hydrogen jet impinging onto concrete and tarmac structural materials. The chosen test conditions mimicked the scenario where a high-pressure release (700bar) occurs from a fuel cell hydrogen (FCH) car as a result of activation of the thermal pressure relief device (TPRD) on the fuel tank. Two nozzle sizes were used for the releases; the first had a diameter of 2.1mm (mimicking existing TPRD) and the second had a diameter of 0.57mm (mimicking a proposed alternative TPRD diameter. The reduced diameter is suggested as a strategy to reduce release hazard safety distances).</p>
Supporting data for: Topographic information improves simulated patterns of post-fire conifer regeneration in the Southwest U.S.
<p>The western U.S. is projected to experience more frequent and severe wildfires in the future due to drier and hotter climate conditions, exacerbating destructive wildfire impacts on forest ecosystems such as tree mortality and unsuccessful post-fire regeneration. While empirical studies have revealed strong relationships between topographical information and plant regeneration, ecological processes in ecosystem models have either not fully addressed topography-mediated effects on the probability of plant regeneration, or the probability is only controlled by climate-related factors, e.g., water and light stresses. In this study, we incorporated seedling survival data based on a planting experiment in the footprint of the 2011 Las Conchas Fire into the PnET extension of the LANDIS-II model by adding topographic and an additional climatic variable to the probability of regeneration. The modified algorithm included topographic parameters such as heat load index (HLI) and ground slope and spring precipitation. We ran simulations on the Las Conchas Fire landscape for 2012–2099 using observed and projected climate data (i.e., RCP 4.5 and 8.5). Our modification significantly reduced the number of regeneration events of three common southwestern conifer tree species (piñon, ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir), leading to decreases in aboveground biomass, regardless of climate scenario. The modified algorithm decreased regeneration at higher elevations and increased regeneration at lower elevations relative to the original algorithm. Regenerations of three species also decreased on eastern aspects. Our findings suggest that ecosystem models may overestimate post-fire regeneration events in the southwest U.S. To better represent regeneration processes following wildfire, ecosystem models need refinement to better account for the range of factors that influence tree seedling establishment. This will improve model utility for projecting the combined effects of climate and wildfire on tree species distributions.</p>
Figure 2 in Response of Little Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Colonies to Insect Growth Regulators and Hydramethylnon
Figure 2. Number* of sexual brood and abnormal alates produced within Wasmannia auropunctata colonies after exposure to baits containing IGRs.
Figure 1 in Response of Little Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Colonies to Insect Growth Regulators and Hydramethylnon
Figure 1. Mean worker mortality* (%) in Wasmannia auropunctata colonies after IGR-bait exposure over time.
Attributing European forest disturbances to storm and fire
<p>This repository contains maps attributing each disturbance patch of the <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/4570157#.YFB27i337OQ">European Forest Disturbance Map</a> (version 1.1.4) to bark beetle/wind, fire or other disturbances (mostly harvest). The dataset is based on methods described in following paper, but have been updated with new reference data covering now also bark beetle disturbances: </p> <p>Senf, C. and Seidl, R. (2021) Storm and fire disturbance in Europe: Distribution and trends. <strong>Global Change Biology</strong>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15679">https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15679</a></p> <p>To get the year of disturbance, please see the underlaying disturbance maps (version 1.1.4.; link given above).</p> <p><strong>Map classes:</strong></p> <p>NA = no disturbance<br> 1 = bark beetle or wind disturbances (both classes had to be grouped due to technical reasons)<br> 2 = fire disturbances<br> 3 = other disturbances, mostly harvest but might include salvage logging go small-scale natural disturbances and infrequent other natural agents (e.g., defoliation, avalanches, etc.)</p> <p><strong>Reference system:</strong></p> <p>The spatial reference system is EPSG 3035 (ETRS89 / LAEA Europe).</p> <p><strong>Word of caution:</strong></p> <p>Remote sensing-based maps, while fascinating to look at, contain errors. If you intent to use the map for your research, please carefully read the discussion on limitations in the paper accompanying the dataset. There will be many instances where the attribution (or even disturbance detection) is wrong. The maps are intended to give a broad, continental-scale overview on the distribution of disturbance agents.</p>
Data from Widespread exposure to altered fire regimes under 2°C warming is projected to transform conifer forests of the Western United States
<p>This archive includes a minimal dataset needed to reproduce the analysis as well as a table (CSV) and spatial polygons (ESRI shapefile) of the resulting output from the publication:</p> <p>Hoecker, T.J., S. A. Parks, M. Krosby & S. Z. Dobrowski. 2023. Widespread exposure to altered fire regimes under 2°C warming is projected to transform conifer forests of the Western United States. <em>Communications Earth and Environment</em>.</p> <p>Publication abstract:</p> <p>Changes in wildfire frequency and severity are altering conifer forests and pose threats to biodiversity and natural climate solutions. Where and when feedbacks between vegetation and fire could mediate forest transformation are unresolved. Here, for the western U.S., we used climate analogs to measure exposure to fire-regime change; quantified the direction and spatial distribution of changes in burn severity; and intersected exposure with fire-resistance trait data. We measured exposure as multivariate dissimilarities between contemporary distributions of fire frequency, burn severity, and vegetation productivity and distributions supported by a 2 °C-warmer climate. We project exposure to fire-regime change across 65% of western US conifer forests and mean burn severity to ultimately decline across 63% because of feedbacks with forest productivity and fire frequency. We find that forests occupying disparate portions of climate space are vulnerable to projected fire-regime changes. Forests may adapt to future disturbance regimes, but trajectories remain uncertain.</p>
Tesla Fire
<p>A digital record of all Tesla fires - including cars and other products, e.g. Tesla MegaPacks - that are corroborated by news articles or confirmed primary sources. Latest version hosted at <a href="https://www.tesla-fire.com">https://www.tesla-fire.com</a>.</p>
Data archive for: Fire-regime variability and ecosystem resilience over four millennia in a Rocky Mountain subalpine watershed
<p>Wildfires strongly influence forest ecosystem processes, including carbon and nutrient cycling and vegetation dynamics. As fire activity increases under changing climate conditions, the ecological and biogeochemical resilience of many forest ecosystems remains unknown. To investigate the resilience of forest ecosystems to changing climate and wildfire activity over decades to millennia, we developed a 4800-yr high-resolution lake-sediment record from Silver Lake, Montana, USA (47.360° N, 115.566° W). Charcoal particles, pollen grains, element concentrations, and stable isotopes of C and N serve as proxies of past changes in fire, vegetation, and ecosystem processes such as nitrogen cycling and soil erosion, within a small subalpine forest watershed. A published lake-level history from Silver Lake provides a local record of paleohydrology. A trend toward increased effective moisture over the late Holocene coincided with a distinct shift in the pollen assemblage c. 1900 yr BP, resulting from increased subalpine conifer abundance. Fire activity, inferred from peaks in macroscopic charcoal, decreased significantly after 1900 yr BP, from one fire event every 126 yr (83–184 yr, 95% CI) from 4800–1900 yr BP, to one event every 223 yr (175–280 yr) from 1900 yr BP to present. Across the record, individual fire events were followed by two distinct decadal-scale biogeochemical responses, reflecting differences in ecosystem impacts of fires on watershed processes. These distinct biogeochemical responses were interpreted as reflecting fire severity, highlighting (i) erosion, likely from large or high-severity fires, and (ii) nutrient transfers and enhanced within-lake productivity, likely from lower-severity or patchier fires. Biogeochemical and vegetation proxies returned to pre-fire values within decades regardless of the nature of fire effects. Paleo records of fire and ecosystem responses provide a novel view revealing past variability in fire effects, analogous to spatial variability in fire severity observed within contemporary wildfires. Overall, the paleo record highlights ecosystem resilience to fire across long-term variability in climate and fire activity. Higher fire frequencies in past millennia relative to the 20th and 21st centuries suggest that northern Rocky Mountain subalpine ecosystems could remain resilient to future increases in fire activity, provided continued ecosystem recovery within decades.</p>
EV Fire paper search string results
<p>EV Fire paper search string results</p>
Code and data from "Old reserves and ancient buds fuel regrowth of coast redwood after catastrophic fire"
<p>This repository includes:</p><p>[1] R code required to produce Fig 3 panels b and c, that is, the analysis of mixture composition of the oldest sprout 14c mean age observed in our study. </p><p>[2] Also included for convenience is the Hua et al 2022 annual atmospheric record of 14c for convenience. This is publicially available and citation is given directly in code.</p><p>[3] Data used in supplemental analyses of correlations among sprout age and tree-level covariates "Peltier_supp_dat.csv" containing columns in order: tree number, DBH (cm), height (m) vigor estimate, Feb 2021 dated sprout 14c age, July 2021 dated sprout 14c age, uncertainty in Feb2021, uncertainty in July2021, total sapwood NSC concentration (phenol method), total sapwood NSC concentration (enzyme method), phloem respired 14c age, shallow sapwood respired 14c age, deep sapwood respired 14c age, phloem C respired mass (mg), shallow C respired mass (mg), deep sapwood C respired mass (mg), sapwood ring count, and sapwood depth (mm).</p>
Data --- "Optimization of Convolutional Neural Network models for spatially coherent multi-site fire danger predictions"
<p>Data to reproduce the results of the manuscript entitled "Optimization of Convolutional Neural Network models for spatially coherent multi-site fire danger predictions" submitted to Geophysical Research Letters. The companion jupyter notebook can be found in DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8387558">10.5281/zenodo.8387558</a></p>
California subalpine forest post-fire diversity and productivity
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2003 Piru Fire Historical Imagery
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Relationships of climate, human activity, and fire history to spatiotemporal variation in annual fire probability across California: Source Code and Core Data
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Multiple disturbances, multiple legacies: Fire, canopy gaps and deer jointly change the forest seed bank
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Fire is associated with positive shifts in bumble bee (Bombus vosnesenskii) body size and bee abundance in the Southern Sierra Nevada Mountains
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.