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819 results for “Gender;”
Data from: Editor and reviewer gender influence the peer review process but not peer review outcomes at an ecology journal
Lack of diversity on editorial boards might generate disparities in editorial and peer review that contribute to gender and geographic disparities in scholarly publishing. We use a comprehensive data set of the peer review process for all papers submitted to the journal Functional Ecology from January 2004 to June 2014 to examine how gender, seniority and geographic location of editors and reviewers influence reviewer recruitment and scores given to papers by reviewers. The gender ratio of editors for Functional Ecology was majority male, but the proportion of female editors increased over time. The gender ratio of selected reviewers was also highly majority male, but the proportion of women selected as reviewers increased over the 10 years largely because the number of women on the editorial board increased and female editors invited more female reviewers than did male editors. Male editors selected <25% female reviewers even in the year they selected the most women, but female editors consistently selected ˜30–35% female reviewers. Editors also over-selected reviewers from their own geographic locality. Women invited to review were less likely to respond to review invitations, but more likely to accept if they responded. Women invited to review responded to the invitation similarly regardless of whether the editor inviting them was male or female, but men invited to review were both less likely to respond and more likely to decline if the editor was female. Review scores given to papers did not differ between male and female reviewers, and final decisions (proportion of papers rejected) did not differ between male and female editors. The proportion of women among selected reviewers decreased with editor seniority when the editor was male but increased with editor seniority when the editor was female. Thus, the gender ratio of selected reviewers differed little between early-career male and female editors but differed a lot between late-career (more senior) male and female editors. Individuals invited to review were less likely to agree to review if the editor was more senior. Editor gender, seniority and geographic location affect who is invited to review for Functional Ecology, and how invitees respond to review invitations, but not the final outcome of the peer review process. To increase diversity of reviewer populations, journals should increase gender, age and geographic diversity of their editorial boards.
Data from: Inbreeding depression and purging in a haplodiploid: gender-related effects
Compared with diploid species, haplodiploids suffer less inbreeding depression because male haploidy imposes purifying selection on recessive deleterious alleles. However, alleles of genes only expressed in the diploid females are protected in heterozygous individuals. This leads to the prediction that haplodiploids suffer more from inbreeding effects on life-history traits controlled by genes with female-limited expression. To test this, we used a wild population of the haplodiploid mite Tetranychus urticae. First, negative effects of inbreeding were investigated by comparing maturation rate, juvenile survival, oviposition rate and longevity between lines created by three generations of either outbreeding or mother–son inbreeding. Second, purging through inbreeding was investigated by comparing the intensity of inbreeding depression between outbred families with known inbreeding/outbreeding mating histories. Negative effects of inbreeding and evidence for purging were found for the female trait oviposition rate, but not for juvenile survival and longevity. Both male and female maturation rate were negatively affected by inbreeding, most likely due to maternal effects because inbred offspring of outbred mothers was not affected. These results support the hypothesis that, in haplodiploids inbreeding effects and genetic variation due to deleterious recessive alleles may depend on gender.
Data from: Gender differences in peer review outcomes and manuscript impact at six journals of ecology and evolution
The productivity and performance of men is generally rated more highly than that of women in controlled experiments, suggesting conscious or unconscious gender biases in assessment. The degree to which editors and reviewers of scholarly journals exhibit gender biases that influence outcomes of the peer review process remains uncertain due to substantial variation among studies. We test whether gender predicts the outcomes of editorial and peer review for >23,000 research manuscripts submitted to six journals in ecology and evolution from 2010 to 2015. Papers with female and male first authors were equally likely to be sent for peer review. However, papers with female first authors obtained, on average, slightly worse peer review scores and were more likely to be rejected after peer review, though the difference varied among journals. These gender differences appear to be partly due to differences in authorial roles. Papers for the which the first author deferred corresponding authorship to a coauthor (which women do more often than men) obtained significantly worse peer review scores and were less likely to get positive editorial decisions. Gender differences in corresponding authorship explained some of gender differences in peer review scores and positive editorial decisions. In contrast to these observations on submitted manuscripts, gender differences in peer review outcomes were observed in a survey of >12,000 published manuscripts; women reported similar rates of rejection (from a prior journal) before eventual publication. After publication, papers with female authors were cited less often than those with male authors, though the differences are very small (~2%). Our data do not allow us to test hypotheses about mechanisms underlying the gender discrepancies we observed, but strongly support the conclusion that papers authored by women have lower acceptance rates and are less well cited than are papers authored by men in ecology.
Data from: More than just two sexes: the neural correlates of voice gender perception in gender dysphoria
Gender dysphoria (also known as "transsexualism") is characterized as a discrepancy between anatomical sex and gender identity. Research points towards neurobiological influences. Due to the sexually dimorphic characteristics of the human voice, voice gender perception provides a biologically relevant function, e.g. in the context of mating selection. There is evidence for a better recognition of voices of the opposite sex and a differentiation of the sexes in its underlying functional cerebral correlates, namely the prefrontal and middle temporal areas. This fMRI study investigated the neural correlates of voice gender perception in 32 male-to-female gender dysphoric individuals (MtFs) compared to 20 non-gender dysphoric men and 19 non-gender dysphoric women. Participants indicated the sex of 240 voice stimuli modified in semitone steps in the direction to the other gender. Compared to men and women, MtFs showed differences in a neural network including the medial prefrontal gyrus, the insula, and the precuneus when responding to male vs. female voices. With increased voice morphing men recruited more prefrontal areas compared to women and MtFs, while MtFs revealed a pattern more similar to women. On a behavioral and neuronal level, our results support the feeling of MtFs reporting they cannot identify with their assigned sex.
Dataset for: Extent and types of gender-based discrimination against female medical students and physicians at five university hospitals in Germany – Results of an online survey
<p><strong><span>Objective</span></strong><span>: There is a gap in research on gender-based discrimination (GBD) in medical education and practice in Germany. This study therefore examines the extent and forms of GBD among female medical students and physicians in Germany. Causes, consequences and possible interventions of GBD are discussed.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods</span></strong><span>: Female medical students (n=235) and female physicians (n=157) from five university hospitals in northern Germany were asked about their personal experiences with GBD in an online survey on self-efficacy expectations and individual perceptions of the "glass ceiling effect" using an open-ended question regarding their own experiences with GBD. The answers were analyzed by content analysis using inductive category formation and relative category frequencies. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Results</span></strong><span>: From both interviewed groups, approximately 75% of each reported having experienced GBD. Their experiences fell into five main categories: sexual harassment with subcategories of verbal and physical, discrimination based on existing/possible motherhood with subcategories of structural and verbal, direct preference for men, direct neglect of women, and derogatory treatment based on gender.</span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><strong><span>Conclusion</span></strong><span>: The study contributes to filling the aforementioned research gap. At the hospitals studied, GBD is a common phenomenon among both female medical students and physicians, manifesting itself in multiple forms. Transferability of the results beyond the hospitals studied to all of Germany seems plausible. Much is known about the causes, consequences and effective countermeasures against GBD. Those responsible for training and employers in hospitals should fulfill their responsibility by implementing measures from the set of empirically evaluated interventions.</span></p>
THEORETICAL BASIS OF GENDER RELATIONS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK PHRASES
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O'SMIRLARDA GENDER IDENTIKLIK RIVOJLANISHI HAQIDAGI ILMIY MANBALARNING NAZARIY TAHLILI
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THE FORMATION OF GENDER CONCEPTSIN ENGLISH AND UZBEK IN THE PHRASEOLOGICAL LANDSCAPE OF THE WORLD
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THE CONCEPT OF "GENDER" IN LINGUISTICS AND THE HISTORY OF THE EMERGENCE OF GENDER LINGUISTICS
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LEXICAL SEMANTIC FEATURES OF SPECIFIC GENDER AFFILIATION IN THE LANGUAGE COMMUNITY
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Developers' Information Seeking in Question & Answer Websites through a Gender Lens
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Vaginal Obliteration in gender-affirming surgery (female-to-male): A video presentation of novel surgical technique
<p><span>Vaginal Obliteration in gender-affirming surgery (female-to-male): A video presentation of novel surgical technique</span></p>
THE ROLE OF GENDER IN ONLINE SHOPPING A LITERATURE REVIEW
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Gender Discrimination in Small Business Acquisitions: A Field Experiment
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Gendered narratives and cultural shifts: A qualitative study on decadal changes in community alcohol consumption
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Replication and data files for: Task difficulty and gender differences in competitiveness: Evidence from Botswana
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FEATURES OF UKRAINIAN STUDENTS` VERBAL REPRESENTATION OF THE GENDER INEQUALITY`S CONCEPT
<p>The study aimed to determine Ukrainian students' verbal representation of the gender inequality's concept. Verbal representations were obtained based on the use of a directed associative experiment. The study involved 309 students (199 females and 110 males) from 17 to 25 years. Gender analysis showed: women provided 539 reactions, including 530 verbal (176 originals) reactions and nine rejections; men provided 319 reactions: 310 verbal reactions (103 original) and nine rejections. The most frequent reactions to the stimulus “gender inequality" were revealed: жінка / woman (10,6%), чоловік / man (9,4%), фемінізм / feminism (4,3%), несправедливість / injustice (3,7%), права / rights (2,9%), нерівність / inequality (2,8%), стать / gender (2,7%), сексизм / sexism (2,4%), дискримінація / discrimination (2,3%), насильство / violence (2%). It was determined that the concept of "gender inequality" has a negative connotation among Ukrainian students. Cognitive interpretation of the data showed that the concept has a more negative emotional connotation for women than for men. For a significant number of women, gender inequality includes experiences associated with sexism, discrimination, and violence. Analysis of male associations has shown that men's concept has a less emotional response and is presented at a more abstract (theoretical) level.</p>
Supplementary Materials for the article on 'A typology of northwestern Bantu gender systems', published in Linguistics
<p>Scripts, data and figures; documentation is provided</p>
Supplementary Material for 'A typology of northwestern Bantu gender systems', published in Linguistics
<p>documentation is provided in the materials</p>
Gendered effects of the Personal Income Tax: Evidence from a schedular system with individual filing in Uruguay
<p>Stata codes and dataset supporting the results of this article.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.