Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →

Traits-climate range limits data and code (Van Nuland et al. 2019; Ecology and Evolution)

Data and code associated with Van Nuland et al. manuscript “Intraspecific trait variation across elevation predicts a widespread tree species’ climate niche and range limits” in Ecology and Evolution.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2020View details →

Data from a model inter-comparison study to examine limiting factors in modelling Australian tropical savannas

The modelling results of Whitley et al. (2016), consisting of the models BESS, BIOS2, CABLE, LPJ-GUESS, MAESPA and SPA, for five sites along the North-Australian Tropical Transect. References Whitley, R., Beringer, J., Hutley, L.B., Abramowitz, G., De Kauwe, M.G., Duursma, R., Evans, B., Haverd, V., Li, L., Ryu, Y., Smith, B., Wang, Y.-P., Williams, M., Yu, Q., 2016. A model inter-comparison study to examine limiting factors in modelling Australian tropical savannas. Biogeosciences 13, 3245–3265. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3245-2016

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2020View details →

Tour de France data for the improvement of energy consumption in devices powered by limited energy sources

We propose a set of data that were collected as part of a "tour de France" with electrical wheelchair. Part of these data are allowed to propose a mathematical model based on an experimental methodology on the energy consumed in smartphones. The objective is to make accessible the data related to the publications in several fields of research (computer science, telecommunication, meteorological science, artificial intelligence, statistics ...)

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →

Data from: Mortality limits used in wind energy impact assessment underestimate impacts of wind farms on bird populations

In this archive we share the data and R code used for the construction of population models for seven bird species (Common Starling, Black-tailed Godwit, Marsh Harrier, Eurasian Spoonbill, White Stork, Common Tern and White-tailed Eagle) for our assessment of the effects of wind farms (Schippers et al. 2020). In most cases we parameterized our population models based on species-specific survival and reproduction rates from scientific articles and reports, but in the case of the Western Marsh Harrier we analyzed previously unpublished nest success and capture-mark-resighting data. Below we first describe per species which data we used for model parameterization, and then describe per data file what each variable represents. We selected populations of seven species based on the availability of data, considerable likelihood to collide with wind turbines and contrasting ages of first reproduction. For species for which long time series of demographic data were available with population trends clearly changing over time, we separately assessed periods with contrasting population trends, as detailed in the species descriptions below. Mean survival and reproduction rates, standard deviations and additional information like the age of first reproduction can be found in the accompanying paper by Schippers et al. (2020).    Common Starling On the fast-slow continuum of reproductive capacity, the common starling is the fastest of the seven species we selected: it starts reproducing at an age of one year. We used the mean survival and reproductive rates for the whole Dutch breeding population (Versluijs et al. 2016), distinguishing three separate periods: 1960-1978, 1978-1990 and 1990-2012. In the first period (1960-1978) the population grew at 10% per year. This was followed by a period where the population was relatively stable (1978-1990). During the last period (1990-2012) the population declined strongly.   Black tailed Godwit Kentie et al. (2017) studied two Dutch populations of the Black-tailed Godwit in southwestern Fryslân (Skriezekrite and Kuststrook) over four to five annual transitions (Kentie et al. 2017). Godwits started reproducing at age two, but only had 0.5-0.6 fledglings per breeding pair per year. The adults are rather long-lived with an 86% annual survival rate. We construct separate matrix models for the two populations.   Marsh Harrier Mean vital rates of the Dutch breeding population of Marsh Harriers were estimated for 1997-2015 using respectively ring recoveries available at the Dutch Centre for Avian Migration and Demography NIOO-KNAW and reproduction data from the Dutch Raptor Working Group. Annual survival of Marsh Harriers was analyzed using live re-sightings and dead recoveries of 12,059 birds ringed as nestling between 1991 and 2016 and 74 birds ringed as ‘adult’ in the same period (due to low sample sizes, birds ringed in their first and second calendar year were lumped with older birds in the ‘adult’ category; see ‘marshHarrierSurvival.csv’ below). Nest success was estimated using data of 1914 nests, which were followed from the beginning to the end of the nest cycle, in the Netherlands between 1997 and 2015 (see ‘marshHarrierReproduction.csv’ below; we thank Rob G. Bijlsma for making the data available).    Spoonbill For each year in the 1994-2008 period, age-specific (first-year, second-year, third-year, older) annual survival rates were derived for the Dutch Spoonbill population from van der Jeugd et al. (2014). Participation in the breeding population was 0% in the first three years and went up from 63% at age four to 95% at age 6 and older.   White Stork Schaub et al. (2004) analyzed demographic data on White Storks in Switzerland from 1977 till 2000. Here we extracted annual survival and reproduction rates from the COMADRE Animal Matrix Database (version 2.0.1; Salguero-Gómez et al., 2016). Storks start reproducing at age 3, with breeding participation increasing with age from 48% to 100%.    Common Tern For the Common Tern we used mean vital rate estimates published by van der Jeugd et al. (2014) for the Dutch Waddenzee population, including the Northern part of the IJsselmeer, between 2000 and 2010 (van der Jeugd et al. 2014). The total Waddenzee and IJsselmeer population is estimated at 7,630 pairs (average population 2010-2014), constituting approximately 40% of the Dutch breeding population of about 20,000 pairs (Sovon 2016).    White-tailed Eagle Krüger et al. (2010) published demographic data on White-tailed Eagles in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, over the period 1947 till 2008. Following these authors, and based on the two matrices in COMADRE v.2.0.1 (Salguero-Gómez et al., 2016), we used separate matrix models for the early period (stable population dynamics) and from 1975 onwards (population growth). These eagles start reproducing at age five.    Here we describe the archived files:   matrices.R This annotated R file details how the vital rate estimates are used to construct age-structured, post-breeding-census, one-year-timestep population matrix models. In these so-called post-breeding census models the birds in the first class were 0 years old (Caswell 2001).   commonstarling19602012.csv Mean survival and reproductive rates for the whole Dutch breeding population of Common Starlings for the time period 1960-2012.  year                 = start year juvSurv = first-year survival of fledgelings adultSurv        = annual survival of older birds fec                   = number of fledgelings per pair (which have a 1:1 sex ratio)   blacktailedgodwit20112016.csv Mean survival and reproduction rates of the Black-tailed Godwit in southwestern Fryslân (populations Skriezekrite and Kuststrook) over four to five annual transitions in the period 2011-2016.  pop                  = population startYear         = start year adultSurv        = annual survival of older birds chickSurv         = first-year survival of chicks nestSuc           = probability that a nest is successful   marshharrier19972015.csv Mean vital rates of the Dutch breeding population of Western Marsh Harriers for 1997-2015. year                 = start year r                       = number of fledgelings per pair s1                    = first-year survival of fledgelings s2                    = annual survival of older birds   marshharrierreproduction.csv Western Marsh Harrier nest record data of in the Netherlands. year                 = year clutchSize        = number of eggs young              = number of chicks (if known) fledgelings       = number of fledgelings       marshharriersurvival.csv Ringing and resighting data (using EURING coding) on Western Marsh Harriers in the Netherlands.  ringID              = ring identifier date                 = observation date metalRingInformation 1 = Metal ring added (where no metal ring was present), position (on tarsus or above) unknown or unrecorded. 2 = Metal ring added (where no metal ring was present), definitely on tarsus. 3 = Metal ring added (where no metal ring was present), definitely above tarsus. 4 = Metal ring is already present. condition          0 = Condition completely unknown. 1 = Dead but no information on how recently the bird had died (or been killed). 2 = Freshly dead – within about a week. 3 = Not freshly dead – information available that it had been dead for more than about a week. 4 = Found sick, wounded, unhealthy etc. and known to have been released (including ring or other mark identified on a bird in poor condition without the bird having being caught). 5 = Found sick, wounded, unhealthy etc. and not released or not known if released. 6 = Alive and probably healthy but taken into captivity. 7 = Alive and probably healthy and certainly released (including ring or other mark identified on a healthy bird without the bird having being caught). 8 = Alive and probably healthy and released by a ringer (including ring or other mark identified on the bird by a ringer without the bird having being caught).  ageReported    0 = Age unknown, i.e. not recorded. 1 = Pullus: nestling or chick, unable to fly freely, still able to be caught by hand. 2 = Full-grown: able to fly freely but age otherwise unknown. 3 = First-year: full-grown bird hatched in the breeding season of this calendar year. 4 = Afer first-year: full-grown bird hatched before this calendar year; year of hatching otherwise unknown. 5 = 2nd year: a bird hatched last calendar year and now in its second calendar year. 6 = Afer 2nd year: full-grown bird hatched before last calendar year; year of hatching otherwise unknown. 7 = 3rd year: a bird hatched two calendar years before, and now in its third calendar year. 8 = Afer 3rd year: a full-grown bird hatched more than three calendar years ago (including present year as one); year if bird otherwise unknown. 9 = 4th year: a bird hatched three calendar years before, and now in its fourth calendar year. A = Afer 4th year: a bird older than category 9 – age otherwise unknown. sexReported U = Unknown M = Male F = Female   eurasianspoonbill19942008.csv For each year in the 1994-2008 period, age-specific (first-year, second-year, third-year, older) annual survival rates are given for the Dutch Spoonbill population. year     = start year fled      = number of fledgelings per breeding pair s1        = first-year survival rate s2        = second-year survival rate s3        = third-year survival rate s4        = older birds' annual survival rate   whitestork19772000.csv Demographic data on White Storks in Switzerland from 1977 till 2000. year     = start year fled      = number of fledgelings per pair sj         = first-year survival of fledgelings sa         = annual survival of older birds   commontern19942009.csv Mean vital rate estimates for the Common Tern for the Dutch Waddenzee population, including the Northern part of the IJsselmeer, between 2000 and 2010. year     = start year r           = number of daughter fledgelings per adult female s1        = first-year survival rate s2        = second-year survival rate sA        = older birds' annual survival rate   whitetailedeaglepmat1.csv whitetailedeaglepmat2.csv whitetailedeaglefmat1.csv whitetailedeaglefmat2.csv White-Tailed Eagle age-specific survival (Pmat) and reproduction (Fmat) matrices as found in COMADRE v.2.0.1, for Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, studied over the period 1947-2008. Period 1 lasts upto 1975, period 2 from 1975.

Data from: Environmental context determines the limiting demographic processes for plant recruitment across a species' elevational range

Plant recruitment is a multi-stage process determining population dynamics and species distributions. Still, we have limited understanding of how the successive demographic processes depend on the environmental context across species' distributional ranges. We conducted a large-scale transplant experiment to study recruitment of Pinus cembra over six years. We quantified the effects of environmental conditions on four demographic processes and identified the most limiting across and beyond the pines' elevational range over several years. Realized transition probabilities of the demographic processes varied substantially across the species' distributional range. Seed deposition decreased from the lower to the upper elevational range margin by 90 %, but this reduction was offset by increased seed germination and seedling survival. Dispersal limitation at the upper range margin potentially stems from unsuitable seed caching conditions for the animal seed disperser, whereas increased seed germination might result from enemy escape from fungal pathogens and favourable abiotic conditions at the upper range margin. Our multi-year experiment demonstrates that environmental context is decisive for the local relevance of particular demographic processes. We conclude that experimental studies identifying the limiting demographic processes controlling species distributions are key for projecting future range dynamics of plants.

Data from: An ECF-type transporter scavenges heme to overcome iron-limitation in Staphylococcus lugdunensis

Energy-coupling factor type (ECF-transporters) represent trace nutrient acquisition systems. Substrate binding components of ECF-transporters are membrane proteins with extraordinary affinity, allowing them to scavenge trace amounts of ligand. A number of molecules have been described as substrates of ECF-transporters, but an involvement in iron-acquisition is unknown. Host-induced iron limitation during infection represents an effective mechanism to limit bacterial proliferation. We identified the iron-regulated ECF-transporter Lha in the opportunistic bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus lugdunensis and show that the transporter is specific for heme. The recombinant substrate-specific subunit LhaS accepted heme from diverse host-derived hemoproteins. Using isogenic mutants and recombinant expression of Lha, we demonstrate that its function is independent of the canonical heme acquisition system Isd and allows proliferation on human cells as sources of nutrient iron. Our findings reveal a unique strategy of nutritional heme acquisition and provide the first example of an ECF-transporter involved in overcoming host-induced nutritional limitation.

Data from: Genetic structure at three spatial scales is consistent with limited philopatry in Ricord's Rock Iguanas (Cyclura ricordii)

Cyclura ricordii is an endemic iguana from Hispaniola Island and is threatened on the IUCN Red List. The main threats are predation by introduced mammals, habitat destruction, and hunting pressure. The present study focused on two nesting sites from Pedernales Province in the Dominican Republic. The hypothesis that natal philopatry influences dispersal and nest site selection was tested. Monitoring and sampling took place in 2012 and 2013. Polymorphic markers were used to evaluate whether natal philopatry limits dispersal at multiple spatial scales. Ripley's K revealed that nests were significantly clustered at multiple scales, when both nesting sites were considered and within each nesting site. This suggests a patchy, non-random distribution of nests within nest sites. Hierarchical AMOVA revealed that nest site aggregations did not explain a significant portion of genetic variation within nesting sites. However, a small but positive correlation between geographic and genetic distance was detected using a Mantel's test. Hence, the relationship between geographic distance and genetic distance among hatchlings within nest sites, while detectable, was not strong enough to have a marked effect on fine scale genetic structure. Spatial and genetic data combined determined that the nesting sites included nesting females from multiple locations, and the hypothesis of 'natal philopatry', was not supported because females nesting in the same cluster were no more closely related to each other than to other females from the same nesting site. These findings imply that nesting aggregations are more likely associated with cryptic habitat variables contributing to optimal nesting conditions.

Data from: Out of sight, out of mind: Widespread nuclear and plastid-nuclear discordance in the flowering plant genus Polemonium (Polemoniaceae) suggests widespread historical gene flow despite limited nuclear signal

Phylogenomic data from a rapidly increasing number of studies provide new evidence for resolving relationships in recently radiated clades, but they also pose new challenges for inferring evolutionary histories. Most existing methods for reconstructing phylogenetic hypotheses rely solely on algorithms that only consider incomplete lineage sorting as a cause of intra- or inter-genomic discordance. Here, we utilize a variety of methods, including those to infer phylogenetic networks, to account for both incomplete lineage sorting and introgression as a case for nuclear and cytoplasmic-nuclear discordance using phylogenomic data from the recently radiated flowering plant genus Polemonium (Polemoniaceae), an ecologically diverse genus in Western North America with known and suspected gene flow between species. We find evidence for widespread discordance among nuclear loci that can be explained by both incomplete lineage sorting and reticulate evolution in the evolutionary history of Polemonium. Furthermore, the histories of organellar genomes show strong discordance with the inferred species tree from the nuclear genome. Discordance between the nuclear and plastid genome is not completely explained by incomplete lineage sorting, and only one case of discordance is explained by detected introgression events. Our results suggest that multiple processes have been involved in the evolutionary history of Polemonium and that results from the plastid genome do not accurately reflect species relationships. We discuss several potential causes for this cytoplasmic-nuclear discordance, which emerging evidence suggests is more widespread across the Tree of Life than previously thought.

Data from: Crop production in the USA is frequently limited by a lack of pollinators

Most of the world's crops depend on pollinators, so declines in both managed and wild bees raise concerns about food security. However, the degree to which insect pollination is actually limiting current crop production is poorly understood, as is the role of wild species (as opposed to managed honey bees) in pollinating crops, particularly in intensive production areas. We established a nation-wide study to assess the extent of pollinator limitation in seven crops at 131 locations situated across major crop-producing areas of the USA. We found that five out of seven crops showed evidence of pollinator limitation. Wild bees and honey bees provided comparable amounts of pollination for most crops, even in agriculturally-intensive regions. We estimated the nation-wide annual production value of wild pollinators to the seven crops we studied at over $1.5 billion; the value of wild bee pollination of all pollinator-dependent crops would be much greater. Our findings show that pollinator declines could translate directly into decreased yields or production for most of the crops studied, and that wild species contribute substantially to pollination of most study crops in major crop-producing regions.

Data from: Limitations to recovery following wildfire in dry forests of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico, USA

Climate warming is contributing to increases in wildfire activity throughout the western U.S., leading to potentially long-lasting shifts in vegetation. The response of forest ecosystems to wildfire is thus a crucial indicator of future vegetation trajectories, and these responses are contingent upon factors such as seed availability, interannual climate variability, average climate (e.g., 30-year normals), and other components of the physical environment. To better understand variation in forest resilience to fire across vulnerable dry forests, we performed field surveys of conifer seedling abundance in 15 recent (1988-2010) wildfires and characterized temporal variation in seed cone production and seedling establishment. We then modeled post-fire seedling abundances for each species at a 30 m resolution using downscaled climate data, monthly water balance models, and canopy cover of surviving mature conifers. Widespread ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seed cone production occurred at least twice following each fire surveyed and pulses of conifer seedling establishment coincided with years of above-average moisture availability. Ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedling abundances were higher on more mesic sites and adjacent to surviving trees, though there were also important interspecific differences, likely attributable to drought- and shade-tolerance. We estimated that 41.8% (for ponderosa pine) and 68.5% (for Douglas-fir) of the total area burned did not meet tree density thresholds consistent with historical densities for each species. Spatial models demonstrated that the availability of seed trees (particularly in the interior of large, high-severity patches) limited seedling abundances in many areas, but 30-year average actual evapotranspiration and climatic water deficit also limited abundances on marginal sites. A better understanding of the limitations to post-fire recovery is likely to aid in developing adaptation and mitigation strategies through the improvement of models of future ecosystem change throughout the western U.S.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2020View details →

Data and scripts for 'Potential and limitations of machine learning for modeling warm-rain cloud microphysical processes'

Data and scripts for "Potential and limitations of machine learning for modeling warm-rain cloud microphysical processes" by Axel Seifert and Stephan Rasp, J. Adv. Modeling Earth Systems, 12, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020MS002301

Data from: Cyanophage propagation in the freshwater cyanobacterium Phormidium is constrained by phosphorus limitation and enhanced by elevated pCO2

Intensification of human activities has led to changes in the availabilities of CO2 and nutrients in freshwater ecosystems, which may greatly alter the physiological status of phytoplankton. Viruses require hosts for their reproduction and shifts in phytoplankton host physiology through global environmental change may thus affect viral infections as well. Various studies have investigated the impacts of single environmental factors on phytoplankton virus propagation, yet little is known about the impacts of multiple factors, particularly in freshwater systems. We therefore tested the combined effects of phosphorus limitation and elevated pCO2 on the propagation of a cyanophage infecting a freshwater cyanobacterium. To this end, we cultured Phormidium in P-limited chemostats under ambient (400 µatm) and elevated (800 µatm) pCO2 at growth rates of 0.6, 0.3, and 0.05 d-1. Host C:P ratios generally increased with strengthened P-limitation and with elevated pCO2. Upon host steady state conditions, virus growth characteristics were obtained in separate infection assays where hosts were infected by the double-stranded DNA cyanophage PP. Severe P-limitation (host growth 0.05 d-1) led to a 85% decrease in cyanophage production rate and a 73% decrease in burst size compared to the 0.6 d-1 grown P-limited cultures. Elevated pCO2 induced a 96% increase in cyanophage production rate and a 57% increase in burst size, as well as an 85% shorter latent period as compared to ambient pCO2 at the different host growth rates. In addition, elevated pCO2 caused a decrease in the plaquing efficiency and an increase in the abortion percentage for the 0.05 d-1 P-limited treatment, while the plaquing efficiency increased for the 0.6 d-1 P-limited cultures. Together, our results demonstrate interactive effects of elevated pCO2 and P-limitation on cyanophage propagation, and show that viral propagation is generally constrained by P-limitation but enhanced with elevated pCO2. Our findings indicate that global change will likely have a severe impact on virus growth characteristics and thereby on the control of cyanobacterial hosts in freshwater ecosystems.

Data from: Testing the thermal limits: Non-linear reaction norms drive disparate thermal acclimation responses in Drosophila melanogaster

Critical thermal limits are important ecological parameters for studying thermal biology and for modelling species' distributions under current and changing climatic conditions (including predicting the risk of extinction for species from future warming). However, estimates of the critical thermal limits are biased by the choice of assay and assay conditions, which differ among studies. Furthermore, estimates of the potential for phenotypic plasticity (thermal acclimation) to buffer against future warming are usually based on single assay conditions and (usually linear) extrapolation from a few acclimation temperatures. We produced high resolution estimates of adult acclimation capacity for upper tolerance limits at different assay conditions (ramping rates and knock-down temperatures) using CTmax (dynamic) and knock-down (static) thermal assays in the model species Drosophila melanogaster. We found the reaction norms to be highly dependent on assay conditions. We confirmed that progressively lower ramping rates or higher knock-down temperatures led to overall lower tolerance estimates. More surprisingly, extended assays (lower ramping rates or lower knock-down temperatures) also led to increasingly non-linear reaction norms for upper thermal tolerance across adult acclimation temperatures. Our results suggest that the magnitude (capacity) and direction (beneficial or detrimental) of acclimation responses are highly sensitive to assay conditions. The results offer a framework for comparison of acclimation responses between different assay conditions and a potential for explaining disparate acclimation capacity theories. We advocate cautious interpretation of acclimation capacities and careful consideration of assay conditions, which should represent realistic environmental conditions based on species' ecological niches.

Data from: Collective aggressiveness limits colony persistence in high but not low elevation sites in Amazonian social spiders

Identifying the traits that foster group survival in contrasting environments is important for understanding local adaptation in social systems. Here we evaluate the relationship between the aggressiveness of social spider colonies and their persistence along an elevation gradient using the Amazonian spider, Anelosimus eximius. We found that colonies of A. eximius exhibit repeatable differences in their collective aggressiveness (latency to attack prey stimuli), and that colony aggressiveness is linked with persistence in a site-specific manner. Less aggressive colonies are better able to persist at high-elevation sites, which lack colony-sustaining large-bodied prey, whereas colony aggression was not related to chance of persistence at low-elevation sites. This suggests that low aggressiveness promotes colony survival in high-elevation, prey-poor habitats, perhaps via increased tolerance to resource limitation. These data reveal that the collective phenotypes that relate to colony persistence vary by site, and thus, the path of social evolution in these environments is likely to be affected.

Data and code for: Male-male contest limits the expression of assortative mate preferences in a polymorphic poison frog

Co-divergence of sexual traits and mate preferences can lead to assortative mating and subsequently reproductive isolation. However, mate choice rarely operates without intrasexual competition, and the effects of the latter on speciation are often overlooked. Maintaining trait polymorphisms despite gene flow and limiting assortative female preferences for less-competitive male phenotypes are two important roles that male-male competition may play in the speciation process. Both roles rely on the assumption that male-male competition limits the expression of divergent female preferences. We tested this assumption in the highly color-polymorphic strawberry poison frog (Oophaga pumilio). Females prefer males of the local color, suggesting that reproductive isolation may be evolving among color morphs. However, this inference does not account for male-male competition, which is also color-mediated. We housed females with two differently-colored males, and compared reproductive patterns when the more attractive male was the territory holder versus when he was the non-territorial male. Females mated primarily with the territory winner, regardless of coloration, suggesting that when a choice must be made between the two, male territoriality overrides female preferences for male coloration. Our results highlight the importance of considering the combined effects of mate choice and intrasexual competition in shaping phenotypic divergence and speciation.

Raw fitness data (offspring number and weight), main dataset for manuscript: Female-specific resource limitation does not make the opportunity for selection more female biased

The present dataset contains the entirety of the raw empirical data used in the manuscript entitled: "Female-specific resource limitation does not make the opportunity for selection more female biased". This data is composed of offspring count and weight, which represent proxys of fitness. Fitness was assessed for males and females independently, and across three different experimental treatments. These fitness measures are used to calculate the opportunity for selection, as the variance in realtive fitness. Detailed methods regarding data collection can be found in the main manuscript.

opencc-zeroOct 2020View details →

Data from: Limitation of complementary resources affects colony growth, foraging behavior and reproduction in bumble bees

Resource availability has been disturbed for many organisms in agricultural landscapes including pollinator species. Abundance and diversity in flower availability benefit bee populations, however, little is known about which of protein or carbohydrate resources may limit their growth and reproductive performance. Here, we test the hypothesis of complementary resource limitation using a supplemental feeding approach. We applied this assumption with bumble bees (Bombus terrestris), assuming that colony growth and reproductive performance should depend on the continuous supply of carbohydrates and proteins, through the foraging for nectar and pollen respectively. We placed wild-caught bumble bee colonies along a landscape gradient of semi-natural habitats, and monitored the colonies' weight, foraging activity and reproductive performance during the whole colony cycle. We performed supplemental feeding as an indicator of landscape resource limitation, using a factorial design consisting of the addition of sugar-water (carbohydrate, supplemented or not) crossed by pollen (protein, supplemented or not). Bumble bee colony dynamics showed a clear seasonal pattern with a period of growth followed by a period of stagnation. Higher abundance of semi-natural habitats resulted in reducing the proportion of pollen foragers relative to all foragers in both periods, and in improving the reproductive performance of bumble bees. Interestingly, the supplemental feeding of sugar-water positively affected the colony weight during the stagnation period, while the supplemental feeding of pollen mitigated the landscape effect on pollen collection investment. Single and combined supplementation of sugar-water and pollen increased the positive effect of semi-natural habitats on reproductive performance. This study reveals a potential co-limitation in pollen and nectar resources affecting foraging behavior and reproductive performance in bumble bees, and indicates that even in mixed agricultural landscapes with higher proportions of semi-natural habitats, bumble bee populations face resource limitations. We conclude that the seasonal management of floral resources must be considered in conservation to support bumble bee populations and pollination services in farmlands.