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FIGURES 1–5 in A new species of Xylodes Waterhouse from Madagascar, with a key to the genera of the tribe Ptinini from Madagascar, Mascarenes and adjacent regions, and a key to species of Xylodes, subgenus Diegous (Coleoptera: Ptinidae)

FIGURES 1–5. Xylodes (Diegous) korinae sp. nov., male holotype. 1, dorsal habitus; 2, pronotum and head with scape and pedicel in dorsal view; 3, right antenna in dorsal view; 4, abdomen in ventral view; 5, lateral habitus.

FIGURES 20–25 in A new species of Xylodes Waterhouse from Madagascar, with a key to the genera of the tribe Ptinini from Madagascar, Mascarenes and adjacent regions, and a key to species of Xylodes, subgenus Diegous (Coleoptera: Ptinidae)

FIGURES 20–25. Species of Xylodes (Diegous), type localities. 20, X. (D.) caroli; 21, X. (D.) elongatus; 22, X. (D.) excavaticollis; 23, X. (D.) lineatus; 24, X. (D.) pauliani; 25, X. (D.) soarezicus.

FIGURES 9–14 in A new species of Xylodes Waterhouse from Madagascar, with a key to the genera of the tribe Ptinini from Madagascar, Mascarenes and adjacent regions, and a key to species of Xylodes, subgenus Diegous (Coleoptera: Ptinidae)

FIGURES 9–14. Species of Xylodes (Diegous), dorsal habitus. 9, X. (D.) caroli (male); 10, X. (D.) elongatus (female); 11, X. (D.) excavaticollis (male); 12, X. (D.) lineatus (male); 13, X. (D.) pauliani (male); 14, X. (D.) soarezicus (male). From Bellés 1987, 1988a.

FIGURES 15–19 in A new species of Xylodes Waterhouse from Madagascar, with a key to the genera of the tribe Ptinini from Madagascar, Mascarenes and adjacent regions, and a key to species of Xylodes, subgenus Diegous (Coleoptera: Ptinidae)

FIGURES 15–19. Species of Xylodes (Diegous), aedeagus in dorsal view. 15, X. (D.) caroli; 16, X. (D.) excavaticollis; 17, X. (D.) lineatus; 18, X. (D.) pauliani; 19, X. (D.) soarezicus. From Bellés 1987, 1988a.

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dryad32/100

Interspecific hybridization and island colonization history, not rarity, most strongly affect the genetic diversity in a clade of Mascarene-endemic trees

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FIG. 29 in A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Madagascar and the Mascarene islands

FIG. 29. — Distributions of Xylopia galokothamna, sp. nov., X. ghesquiereana Cavaco & Keraudren, X. humbertii Ghesq. ex Cavaco & Keraudren, X. humblotiana Baill., X. kalabenonensis D.M.Johnson, Deroin, & Callmander, X. lamii Cavaco & Keraudren, X. lastelliana Baill., X. lemurica Diels, X. lokobensis, sp. nov., X. longirostra, sp. nov., X. madagascariensis Cavaco & Keraudren, and X. marojejyana, sp. nov., on Madagascar.

FIG. 30 in A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Madagascar and the Mascarene islands

FIG. 30. — Distributions of Xylopia perrieri Diels, X. ravelonarivoi, sp. nov., X. retusa, sp. nov., X. sclerophylla, sp. nov., X. sericolampra Diels and X. sahafariensis Cavaco & Keraudren on Madagascar.

FIG. 26 in A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Madagascar and the Mascarene islands

FIG. 26. — Xylopia perrieri Diels: A, abaxial surface of leaf base, showing indument; B, fruit; C, inner petal, adaxial view; D, outer petal, adaxial view; E, stamen, abaxial view; F, habit; G, calyx and gynoecium, lateral view; H, seed, view from micropylar end; I, seed, lateral view. A, C-G, from Ravelonarivo et al. 1067 (OWU); B, H, I, from Schatz & Miller 2456 (MO). Scale bars: A, B, F, 1 cm; C-E, G, 1 mm; H, I, 5 mm.

FIG. 24 in A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Madagascar and the Mascarene islands

FIG. 24. — Plate including illustration of Xylopia lamii Cavaco & Keraudren (F-J), reproduced from Cavaco & Keraudren (1958).

FIG. 23 in A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Madagascar and the Mascarene islands

FIG. 23. — Xylopia lokobensis, sp. nov., and X. galokothamna, sp. nov. A-E, X. lokobensis, sp. nov.: A, petiole and base of leaf blade; B, leaf; C, fruit, side view; D, seed, side view; E, flower, side view. F-N, X. galokothamna, sp. nov.: F, outer petal, adaxial view; G, inner petal, adaxial view; H, habit, with fruit; I, petiole and base of leaf blade; J, outer staminode, abaxial view; K, fertile stamen, abaxial view; L, stigmas with adhering inner staminodes, side view; M, monocarp; N, seed, side view. A, D, E, from Antilahimena 340 (P); B, from Antilahimena 340 (MO); C, from Birkinshaw 186 (OWU); F, G, J, K, L, from Callmander et al. 585 (P); I, from Callmander et al. 585 (MO); H, N, from Callmander et al. 585 (OWU); M, from Buerki et al. 20 (MO). Scale bars: A, E-G, I, 5 mm; B-D, H, M, N, 1 cm; J-L, 1 mm.

FIG. 22 in A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Madagascar and the Mascarene islands

FIG. 22. — Plate including illustration of Xylopia fananehanensis Cavaco & Keraudren (A-F), reproduced from Cavaco & Keraudren (1958).

FIG. 21 in A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Madagascar and the Mascarene islands

FIG. 21. — Plate including illustrations of Xylopia dielsii Cavaco & Keraudren (G-K) and X. humbertii Ghesq. ex Cavaco & Keraudren (L-O), reproduced from Ca- vaco & Keraudren (1958).

FIG. 20 in A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Madagascar and the Mascarene islands

FIG. 20. — Plate including illustration of Xylopia danguyella Ghesq. ex Cavaco & Keraudren (D-H), reproduced from Cavaco & Keraudren (1958).

FIG. 10. — Plate 6A in A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Madagascar and the Mascarene islands

FIG. 10. — Plate 6A from Dunal (1817), showing the only fruit and seed details known for Xylopia lamarckii Baill.

FIG. 15 in A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Madagascar and the Mascarene islands

FIG. 15. — Xylopia anomala, sp. nov. and X. australis, sp. nov.: A-K, X. anomala, sp. nov.; A, habit; B, seed, view from micropylar end; C, seed, side view; D, fruit; E, inflorescence; F, inflorescence with mature flower; G, inner petal, adaxial view; H, outer petal, adaxial view; I, staminal cone, ovaries, and outer staminodes; J, carpel; K, fertile stamen, abaxial view. L-U, X. australis, sp. nov.: L, outer staminode, abaxial view; M, fertile stamen, abaxial view; N, inflorescence; O, stigma; P, inner petal, adaxial view; Q, outer petal, adaxial view; R, habit; S, fruit; T, seed, view from micropylar end; U, seed, side view. A, from Rakotonirina 48 (OWU); B-D, from Schatz & Modeste 3042 (MO); E, from Rakotovao et al. 2680 (MO); F-I, K, from Razakamalala et al. 5422 (MO); J, from Rakotovao et al. 2680 (OWU); L, M, O-Q, from Schatz 2641 (MO); N, from Rakotovao et al. 4575 (MO); R-U, from Razakamalala et al. 2414 (MO). Scale bars: A-D, R-U, 1 cm; E, F, G, H, N, P, Q, 5 mm; I-M, O, 1 mm.

FIG. 13 in A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Madagascar and the Mascarene islands

FIG. 13. — Xylopia sericolampra Diels: A, side views of expanding shoot and flower bud; B, leaf habit; C, flower, side view; D, monocarp, side view; E, seed, view from above; F, adaxial view of outer petal (apex not shown); G, adaxial view of inner petal; H, I, staminodes; J, fertile stamen. A, C, from Perrier de la Bâthie 4966 (P); B, from Richard 429 (K); D, E, from Service Forestier 114 (P); F-J, from Perrier de la Bâthie 4966 (B). Scale bars: A, C, E, 5 mm; B, D, 1 cm; F, G, 1 mm; H-J, 0.5 mm.

FIG. 12 in A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Madagascar and the Mascarene islands

FIG. 12. — Xylopia sahafariensis Cavaco & Keraudren: A, outer petal, adaxial surface; B, inner petal, adaxial surface; C, inflorescences; D, flower with petals and stamens removed to show staminal cone and carpels; E, F, stamens, abaxial view; G, habit. All from Ratovoson et al. 1067 (MO). Scale bars: A, B, D, 1 mm; C, 2 mm; E, F, 0.5 mm; G, 1 cm.

FIG. 6. — A in A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Madagascar and the Mascarene islands

FIG. 6. — A, Shoot of X. amplexicaulis (Lam.) Baill., showing flower bud at left and clasping leaf bases visible at several nodes; B, branch of X. ravelonarivoi, sp. nov., with fruit (Ravelonarivo 4171); C, flower of X. humblotiana Baill., side view (Schatz 4475); D, buds of X. richardii Boivin ex Baill.; E, close-up of flower interior of X. lamarckii Baill., showing red coloration at bases of petals, and the stamens and stigmas; outer staminodes are visible along the edge of the androecium; F, flower of X. richardii at anthesis, one outer petal and one inner petal removed, so that androecium and stigmas are visible; G, leaves and fruit of X. anomala, sp. nov., (Rakotonirina 48); H, leaves and fruit of X. sericolampra Diels. Photos: A, Carlos Magdalena; B, D. Ravelonarivo; C, G. E. Schatz; D-F, C. Kaiser-Bunbury; G, C. Birkinshaw; H, R. N. Rabarijaona. B, C, G, used under the terms of the Creative Commons license for Tropicos, the botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden; H, used under the terms of the the Creative Commons license for iNaturalist.

FIG. 2 in A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Madagascar and the Mascarene islands

FIG. 2. — Fruits and seeds of Madagascar Xylopia L. species: A, fruits of X. retusa, sp. nov., showing at left a dehiscent monocarp with one seed covered by an orange sarcotesta (Rabenantoandro et al. 1249); B, fruit of X. perrieri Diels, one monocarp dehiscing to reveal barely visible seed with light green sarcotesta (Antilahimena 7187); C, dehiscing monocarps of a Xylopia sp., possibly X. carinata, sp. nov., with orange sarcotesta of seeds visible; D, fruit of X. bemarivensis Diels, with one dehiscing monocarp and seed with orange sarcotesta visible (Ranirison PR 808); E, immature fruit of X. flexuosa Diels, showing the elongate monocarp characteristic of species in sect. Xylopia (Rakotovao 4687); F, fruit of X. humblotiana Baill., with one dehisced monocarp and black seeds with white arils visible (Rakotovao 4886); G, fruits of X. sclerophylla, sp. nov.; monocarp at lower right is probably recently dehisced because green sarcotesta of seed is fully intact (Nusbaumer LN 943); H, dehisced monocarp of X. sclerophylla, sp. nov., at a slightly later stage, showing the sarcotesta collapsing and losing its color (Nusbaumer LN 943). Photos: A, P. P. Lowry II; B, P. Antilahimena; C, J. Tan; D, P. Ranirison (© Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève); E, F, C. Rakotovao; G, H, by L. Nusbaumer (© Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève). A, B, D, E, F, used under the terms of the Creative Commons license for Tropicos, the botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden; C, used under the terms of the the Creative Commons license for iNaturalist.

FIG. 1 in A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Madagascar and the Mascarene islands

FIG. 1. — Aspects of Xylopia L. vegetative and floral morphology: A, shrub habit of X. humblotiana Baill.; B, habit of X. bemarivensis Diels, showing several nodes with both collateral buds forming shoots, creating pseudo-opposite branches; C, flowers of X. lastelliana Baill., showing inner petals bent outward through the gaps between outer petals (Schatz & Modeste 2877); D, flowers of X. perrieri Diels showing conspicuous red coloration at the bases of the outer petals (Schatz & O'Connor 2964); E, spreading outer petals and erect inner petals of X. kalabenonensis D.M.Johnson, Deroin, & Callmander (Razafitsalama et al. 1041); F, flower of X. richardii Boivin ex Baill., with stigmas emerging in the center amidst the inner petals; G, inflorescences of X. beananensis Cavaco & Keraudren, showing a bud, two flowers with petals, stamens, and stigmas fallen so that the staminal cone is visible, and one open flower (Buerki 14); H, open flower of X. lamarckii Baill.; I, open flower of X. lamarckii with one outer petal and one inner petal removed to show interior of flower, including stamens and stigmas. Photos: A, M. C. Andriamahay; B, F. Rakotoarison; C, D, G. E. Schatz; E, J. Razafitsalama; F, H, I, C. Kaiser-Bunbury; G, M. W. Callmander. A, B, used under the terms of the Creative Commons license for iNaturalist; C-E, G, used under the terms of the Creative Commons license for Tropicos, the botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden.