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Figs. 12–14 in Updated Key to the North American Species of Euceratocerus LeConte, with a New State Record for Euceratocerus gibbifrons White (Coleoptera: Ptinidae) from North Carolina, USA

Figs. 12–14. Euceratocerus hornii male collected from Uvalde Co., TX. 12) Dorsal view; 13) Lateral view; 14) Antenna.

Fig. 10 in Updated Key to the North American Species of Euceratocerus LeConte, with a New State Record for Euceratocerus gibbifrons White (Coleoptera: Ptinidae) from North Carolina, USA

Fig. 10. Antennae of all male Euceratocerus species from the United States (modified from White 1974).

Figs. 1–3 in Updated Key to the North American Species of Euceratocerus LeConte, with a New State Record for Euceratocerus gibbifrons White (Coleoptera: Ptinidae) from North Carolina, USA

Figs. 1–3. Euceratocerus gibbifrons male, from Union Co., NC. 1) Dorsal view; 2) Lateral view; 3) Antennae.

Fig. 11 in Updated Key to the North American Species of Euceratocerus LeConte, with a New State Record for Euceratocerus gibbifrons White (Coleoptera: Ptinidae) from North Carolina, USA

Fig. 11. Illustrations of antennae of female Euceratocerus gibbifrons and female E. hornii [modified from Fall (1905) and White (1971), respectively].

FIGURE 2. A in Asarum rosei (Aristolochiaceae), a new species from the Blue Ridge Escarpment of North Carolina, USA

FIGURE 2. A) Gynostemium with extrorse thecae, broad stamen filaments, and well-developed style extensions. B) Calyx tube typical of the species. Note that the tube is broadest above its midpoint.

FIGURE 1. A in Asarum rosei (Aristolochiaceae), a new species from the Blue Ridge Escarpment of North Carolina, USA

FIGURE 1. A) Habit of mature A. rosei individual at anthesis. B) Flowers of A. rosei showcasing entirely white trichomes covering sepal lobes. Photographs taken by Mark Rose.

FIGURE 4. A in Asarum rosei (Aristolochiaceae), a new species from the Blue Ridge Escarpment of North Carolina, USA

FIGURE 4. A) Photograph depicting type locality and associate species. Photograph taken by Mark Rose. B) Leaf of A. rosei. Note the conspicuously crenulate margins.

FIGURE 3 in Asarum rosei (Aristolochiaceae), a new species from the Blue Ridge Escarpment of North Carolina, USA

FIGURE 3. White multicellular trichomes of sepal lobes. Note the transition to red trichomes that occurs in the background of the photograph, as the frame progresses into the calyx tube.

FIGURE 14 in Description and taxonomic analysis of a tuberculated turtle leech from the Outer Banks, North Carolina, USA, provisionally identified as Placobdella multilineata Moore, 1953 (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae)

FIGURE 14. First feeding in the Albemarle turtle leech. Shown are three pre-juvenile individuals collected soon after taking their first blood meal on a turtle host. Their teguments are still transparent and the body shape is cylindroid. A, 5.0 mm (PM-11a) on Chelydra serpentina. B, 8.3 mm (PM-26) on Chrysemys floridana. C, 7.8 mm (PM-24a) on Kinosternum odoratus. Specimen A was collected within hours of first feeding and already had diluted blood in its crop. The intermediate rows of tubercles on the a2 annulus were discernible but do not show up in this image. In specimen B the tip of its lengthy proboscis protrudes from the apical mouth. The darkened rectum indicates some digestion of blood had already occurred. This correlates with the faintly pigmented tegument of this specimen. In specimen C the crooked proboscis and compact salivary glands are visibly well developed at this stage. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 10 in Description and taxonomic analysis of a tuberculated turtle leech from the Outer Banks, North Carolina, USA, provisionally identified as Placobdella multilineata Moore, 1953 (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae)

FIGURE 10. Accessory 'eyes' as shown here are strongly expressed in about one-third of the Albemarle turtle leeches. Shown are close-ups of the head regions of two individuals. A, C, dorsal and ventral views, respectively, of specimen (PM-15a). B, dorsal view of extended specimen (PM-14b). Such heavily pigmented individuals typically display paramedial stripes on dorsum (pd) and on venter (vs), respectively. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 12 in Description and taxonomic analysis of a tuberculated turtle leech from the Outer Banks, North Carolina, USA, provisionally identified as Placobdella multilineata Moore, 1953 (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae)

FIGURE 12. This scheme summarises appearance of key tubercles during development of the Albemarle turtle leech. Depicted are dorsal views of a mid-body segment, comprised of three annuli a1, a2 and a3, respectively. A, pre-feeding embryo (5–7 mm). B, post-feeding juvenile (10–15 mm). C, heavily tuberculated adult (20–40 mm). The intermediate tubercles (ti) arise first on the a2 annulus, and remain most prominent throughout life. Soon thereafter, tubercles arise in medial position (tm) on the a2 annulus, and in paramedial position (tp) on the a3 annulus. The indicated tubercles constitute a flattened 'W' configuration on each segment (red dashes), a taxonomically useful character specific to this species at virtually all stages of its life cycle. Together these respective tubercles constitute five longitudinal rows on the dorsum (see also Fig. 15A, B).

FIGURE 13 in Description and taxonomic analysis of a tuberculated turtle leech from the Outer Banks, North Carolina, USA, provisionally identified as Placobdella multilineata Moore, 1953 (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae)

FIGURE 13. Early development of the Albemarle turtle leech. Shown are unfed, unpigmented embryos of varying ages depicting progressive changes in foregut and crop caeca. A, 4.4 mm (PM-15e), ventral view. B, 4.8 mm (PM-6b), dorsal view. C, 6.0 mm (PM-15h), ventral view. In specimen A the cuticle (cu) separated from the anterior part of the body during preservation. The proboscis (p) is already relatively long and penetrates through the brain (b). The relative length of the proboscis is corroborated by the long cuticle lining the proboscis sheath (cup) emerging from the mouth. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Description and taxonomic analysis of a tuberculated turtle leech from the Outer Banks, North Carolina, USA, provisionally identified as Placobdella multilineata Moore, 1953 (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae)

FIGURE 7. Variation of the dorsal stripe and tubercles in the Albemarle turtle leech. A, interrupted dorsal stripe (PM-15a). B, continuous dorsal stripe (PM-15c). C, no discernible dorsal stripe (PM-12). The primary tubercles, ti and tm on the a2 annulus, and tp on the a3 annulus, together with their bilateral counterparts, constitute a flattened letter 'W'. This configuration is specific for the Albemarle turtle leech. Furthermore, in this species the intermediate tubercles (ti) are invariably the most prominent. Dorsal views. A, B, LED light; C, incandescent light. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIGURE 8 in Description and taxonomic analysis of a tuberculated turtle leech from the Outer Banks, North Carolina, USA, provisionally identified as Placobdella multilineata Moore, 1953 (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae)

FIGURE 8. Cartouche-like rectangular shields are the basis of the interrupted stripe in the Albemarle turtle leech (see also Fig. 6A, B). A, in this preserved, post-fed juvenile (PM-17f, 7.8 mm) the dorsal stripe is continuous along most of the dorsal midline, but is obfuscated at intervals by the opacity of the respective shields. B, the cellular nature of these shields is shown in a slightly earlier stage of development. In this specimen (PM-24a, 7.8 mm) consecutive shields 3 and 4 are comprised of aggregations of white cells localised mid-dorsally at segments XV/XVI (wp3) and XVIII/XIX (wp4), respectively. A, reflected LED light; B, transmitted LED light. Scale bars: A, 1.0 mm; B, 0.3 mm.

FIGURE 9 in Description and taxonomic analysis of a tuberculated turtle leech from the Outer Banks, North Carolina, USA, provisionally identified as Placobdella multilineata Moore, 1953 (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae)

FIGURE 9. The eyes of the Albemarle turtle leech develop remarkably early in the embryo, long before any other pigment is discernible. Shown are the eyes of an early embryo (4.5 mm, PM-9) at different magnifications. A, head region showing one apparent pair of contiguous eyes. B, C, higher magnifications reveal the eyes are actually compound, each comprised of a smaller anterior and larger posterior eye. Scale bars: A, B, 0.1 mm; C, 20 μm.

FIGURE 6 in Description and taxonomic analysis of a tuberculated turtle leech from the Outer Banks, North Carolina, USA, provisionally identified as Placobdella multilineata Moore, 1953 (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae)

FIGURE 6. Taxonomic features of the Albemarle turtle leech can vary considerably under different conditions of lighting and preservation. Shown is a recently fed, late juvenile specimen (PM-20) from Virginia Beach, VA, photographed as follows. A, in life, under natural light. B, same individual relaxed and preserved in 5 % formalin, under LED light. C, same preserved individual, under ultraviolet light. Scale bar: 2.0 mm.

FIGURE 5 in Description and taxonomic analysis of a tuberculated turtle leech from the Outer Banks, North Carolina, USA, provisionally identified as Placobdella multilineata Moore, 1953 (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae)

FIGURE 5. Scheme of the reproductive systems of the Albemarle turtle leech, based on dissection of specimen PM-12 from Pasquotank County, NC. A, dorsal view. B, lateral view. Distance between segmental ganglia is approximately 2.0 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Description and taxonomic analysis of a tuberculated turtle leech from the Outer Banks, North Carolina, USA, provisionally identified as Placobdella multilineata Moore, 1953 (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae)

FIGURE 4. Scheme of the proboscis complex of the Albemarle turtle leech, based on dissection of specimen PM-1b from Tyrrell County, NC. A, dorsal view, with proboscis inset separately for clarity. B, lateral view. The long tapering proboscis (blue), with a proximal crook and termination of its tip beyond the brain, is specific for this species. Proboscis is approximately 10 mm long.

FIGURE 3 in Description and taxonomic analysis of a tuberculated turtle leech from the Outer Banks, North Carolina, USA, provisionally identified as Placobdella multilineata Moore, 1953 (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae)

FIGURE 3. Archetypal specimen of the Albemarle turtle leech on which the external description of this species is based. Collected at edge of swamp, Stephens Ridge, Gum Neck, Tyrrell County, NC (PM-14d). A, dorsal view. B, ventral view of same specimen. Scale bar: 5.0 mm.

FIGURE 11 in Description and taxonomic analysis of a tuberculated turtle leech from the Outer Banks, North Carolina, USA, provisionally identified as Placobdella multilineata Moore, 1953 (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae)

FIGURE 11. The last three body segments (XXV–XXVII) of the Albemarle turtle leech constitute the peduncle. A, specimen (PM-21a) showing typical configuration of pre-anal tubercles (pt1–pt3), a characteristic of this species. B, atypical specimen (PM-1a) with a distinctive narrowing of the peduncle as fixed during extension of the body. C, D, under ultraviolet light. C, fluorescence restricted to margins of this specimen (PM-14b). D, fluorescence primarily confined to tips of the pre-anal tubercles in this specimen (PM-14d). Scale bar: 1.0 mm.