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19,493 results for “Populism”
Data from: Genome wide assessment of genetic variation and population distinctiveness of the pig family in South Africa
<p>Genetic diversity is of great importance and a prerequisite for genetic improvement and conservation programs in pigs and other livestock populations. The present study provides a genome wide analysis of the genetic variability and population structure of pig populations from different production systems in South Africa relative to global populations. A total of 234 pigs sampled in South Africa and consisting of village (n = 91), commercial (n = 60), indigenous (n = 40), Asian (n = 5) and wild (n = 38) populations were genotyped using Porcine SNP60K BeadChip. In addition, 389 genotypes representing village and commercial pigs from America, Europe and Asia were accessed from a previous study and used to compare population clustering and relationships of South African pigs with global populations. Moderate heterozygosity levels, ranging from 0.204 for Warthogs to 0.371 for village pigs sampled from Capricorn municipality in Eastern Cape province of South Africa were observed. Principal Component Analysis of the South African pigs resulted in four distinct clusters of (i) Duroc; (ii) Vietnamese; (iii) Bush pig and Warthog and (iv) a cluster with the rest of the commercial (SA Large White and Landrace), village, Wild Boar and indigenous breeds of Koelbroek and Windsnyer. The clustering demonstrated alignment with genetic similarities, geographic location and production systems. The PCA with the global populations also resulted in four clusters that where populated with (i) all the village populations, wild boars, SA indigenous and the large white and landraces; (ii) Durocs (iii) Chinese and Vietnamese pigs and (iv) Warthog and Bush pig. <i>K</i>= 10 (The number of population units) was the most probable ADMIXTURE based clustering, which grouped animals according to their populations with the exception of the village pigs that showed presence of admixture. AMOVA reported 19.92% – 98.62% of the genetic variation to be within populations. Sub structuring was observed between South African commercial populations as well as between Indigenous and commercial breeds. Population pairwise <i>F<sub>ST</sub></i>analysis showed genetic differentiation <i>(P < 0.05)</i>between the village, commercial and wild populations. A per marker per population pairwise <i>F<sub>ST</sub></i>analysis revealed SNPs associated with QTLs for traits such as meat quality, cytoskeletal and muscle development, glucose metabolism processes and growth factors between both domestic populations as well as between wild and domestic breeds. Overall, the study provided a baseline understanding of porcine diversity and an important foundation for porcine genomics of South African populations.</p>
Data from: Multiple spawning run behavior and population consequences in migratory striped bass Morone saxatilis
<p>Multiple spawning runs cause different contingents within the same population to experience varying demographic fates that can stabilize populations through the portfolio effect. Multiple spawning runs are reported here for the first time for striped bass, an economically important coastal species, which is well known for plastic estuarine and shelf migration behaviors. Adult Hudson River Estuary striped bass (n=66) were tagged and tracked with acoustic transmitters from two known spawning reaches separated by 90 km. Biotelemetry recaptures for two years demonstrated that each reach was associated with separate spawning runs. Time series of spawning run trajectories were examined via nonparametric dynamic time warping and revealed two dominant time series centroids, each associated with the two spawning reaches. In 2017, the lower reach run occurred earlier than the higher reach run, but difference in timing was not observed in 2018. The majority (84%) of returning adults in 2018 showed the same run behaviors exhibited in 2017. The two spawning run may have been cued differently by temperatures, where warming lagged 1-week at the higher reach in comparison to the lower reach. The two spawning runs exhibited similar Atlantic shelf migration patterns with strong summer fidelity to Massachusetts Bay and winter migrations to the southern US Mid-Atlantic Bight. Still, in 2017, differing times of departure from spawning reaches into nearby shelf waters likely caused the early spawning run to experience substantially higher mortality than the later run. Anecdotal evidence suggests that higher fishing effort is exerted on the early-spawning run as it first enters shelf fisheries. Thus, as in salmon, multiple spawning runs by striped bass can lead to differential demographic outcomes, contributing to overall population dynamics.</p>
Data from: Recommendations for assessing earthworm populations in Brazilian ecosystems
<p><strong>Earthworms are often related to fertile soils and frequently used as environmental quality indicators. However, to optimize their use as bioindicators, their populations must be evaluated together with environmental and anthropogenic variables regulating earthworm communities. In this review we identify the earthworm, soil chemical, physical, environmental and management-related variables evaluated in 124 published studies that quantified earthworm abundance (>7300 samples) in 765 sites with different types of climate, soils, land use and management systems in Brazil. Most soil chemical and physical attributes (except pH) were less reported (<50% of studies) than other environmental variables such as sampling date, altitude, temperature, precipitation, climate and soil type and land use (all >50% of studies). Earthworms were rarely identified (24%) and few studies (31%) measured their biomass, although most provided adequate information on sampling protocol. Based on the importance in regulating earthworm populations, we propose a set of variables that should be evaluated when studying earthworm communities </strong>and other macrofauna groups<strong>. This should help guide future studies on earthworms in Brazil and other countries, optimize data collection and replicability, allow comparisons between different studies and promote the use of earthworms as soil quality bioindicators.</strong></p>
Data 1 for "Population- and age-specific patterns of haemosporidian assemblages and infection levels in European Bee-eaters (Merops apiaster)"
<p>Data related to the article "Population- and age-specific patterns of haemosporidian assemblages and infection levels in European Bee-eaters (<em>Merops apiaster</em>)" in the format .xlsx. The 1st sheet contains all variables for analyses done with the R script (see 10.5281/zenodo.3968360). The 2nd sheet contains explanations about the variables in sheet 1.</p>
Figure 3 in Investigating the influence of habitat type and weather conditions on the population dynamics of land snails Vertigo angustior Jeffreys, 1830 and Vertigo moulinsiana (Dupuy, 1849). A case study from western Poland
Figure 3. Diagram of one-way analysis of covariance test comparing a logarithmized number of individuals of Vertigo angustior (F = 92.16; p <0.01) and Vertigo moulinsiana (F = 8.165; p <0.01) in the Ilanka and Pliszka sites in 2009. Middle line: mean; box range: standard error; whiskers: standard deviation.
Figure 2 in Investigating the influence of habitat type and weather conditions on the population dynamics of land snails Vertigo angustior Jeffreys, 1830 and Vertigo moulinsiana (Dupuy, 1849). A case study from western Poland
Figure 2. Precipitation in the studied sites in consecutive months of 2009; dashed bars – sampling months. (B) and (C) Abundance of individuals: juveniles (white bars) and adults (black bars) of Vertigo angustior (B) and Vertigo moulinsiana (C) in each sampling event in the Ilanka and Pliszka sites in 2009.
Figure 11 in Environmental influences on movements and distribution of a wild horse (Equus caballus) population in western Nevada, USA: a 25-year study
Figure 11. Relationships of human presence, horse key summer range (KSR) use, and lion numbers in the Montgomery Pass Wild Horse Territory (MPWHT). Human presence (May– September) is presented as per cent of its highest year. Horse KSR use is presented as per cent of the total population using the KSR. Adult lion numbers are presented as the percentage of the maximum single-year lion number.
Figure 6 in Environmental influences on movements and distribution of a wild horse (Equus caballus) population in western Nevada, USA: a 25-year study
Figure 6. Montgomery Pass Wild Horse Territory (MPWHT) horse use of non-key summer range (KSR) areas. Use outside the MPWHT primarily includes areas east of Basalt and west of Adobe Valley.
Figure 5. Changes from 1987 in Environmental influences on movements and distribution of a wild horse (Equus caballus) population in western Nevada, USA: a 25-year study
Figure 5. Changes from 1987 to 2007 in patterns of the geographic distribution of wild horses in the Montgomery Pass Wild Horse Territory (MPWHT). The central, lightly shaded area is the key summer range (KSR). The black mark within it is the highest elevation in the Territory (elevation decreases 360 degrees around it throughout). Dark shaded areas indicate regular horse use and represent> 90% of the population. Many wild horse populations in the intermountain west accommodate to seasonal conditions, spending winter at lower elevations and summer at higher elevations. The pattern across years in the MPWHT changed from summer horse concentration in the KSR to decreasing return to KSR from winter range. In addition to establishment of decreased KSR use and increased year-round use of historical winter-range areas, expansion of the geographic use areas occurred in the latter, including seasonal use beyond MPWHT map boundaries.
Figure 8 in Environmental influences on movements and distribution of a wild horse (Equus caballus) population in western Nevada, USA: a 25-year study
Figure 8. The relationship of key summer range (KSR) horse use and carrying capacity in the context of the Montgomery Pass Wild Horse Territory (MPWHT) horse population. As KSR horse numbers decreased, use outside the KSR increased. Total population range use is presented as a percentage of KSR carrying capacity. As total population increased across years, it remained <80% of carrying capacity for KSR alone, suggesting that considerable population growth can continue without reaching carrying capacity.
Figure 4 in Environmental influences on movements and distribution of a wild horse (Equus caballus) population in western Nevada, USA: a 25-year study
Figure 4. Relationship of mountain lions and foal survival in the Montgomery Pass Wild Horse Territory (MPWHT). Data are based on annual assessment between May and September. The majority of predation occurred in the key summer range (KSR). Adult lion numbers and foal survival in the MPWHT: foal survival is presented as the ratio of currentyear yearlings to previous-year foals expressed as a percentage, lion numbers are for individual lions documented by telemetry, track and/or sighting. The majority of lions were recorded in the KSR.
Figure 3 in Environmental influences on movements and distribution of a wild horse (Equus caballus) population in western Nevada, USA: a 25-year study
Figure 3. Annual total number of horses in the Montgomery Pass wild horse population. Numbers represent reliable estimate for all range areas (not complete enumeration).
Relaxation of purifying selection suggests low effective population size in eusocial Hymenoptera and solitary pollinating bees
<p>Data and results of the paper "Relaxation of purifying selection suggests low effective population size in eusocial Hymenoptera and solitary pollinating bees".</p> <p>- data_table_species.csv: contains life-history and geographical range descriptors, terminal branch length and genomic estimated values for each substitution category, for each species in the dataset. Contains results obtained with both the complete data set and the subsampled dataset with 88 species.</p> <p>- data_table_genes.csv: contains values of substitution count that are sums of the values obtained for every species in the alignment. Also contains the results of HyPhy RELAX analyses for each alignment.</p> <p>- data_table_genes_species.csv: contains estimated values for each substitution category for each species in each alignment. Contains results obtained with both the complete data set and the subsampled dataset with 88 species.</p> <p> </p>
Figure 1 in The hermit crab Sympagurus dimorphus (Anomura: Parapaguridae) at the edge of its range in the south-western Atlantic Ocean: population and morphometry features
Figure 1. Sympagurus dimorphus. Densities (number of individuals/100 m2) in the sampling areas from 2002 through 2006. Left column shows presence/absence data including all sampling sites, and right column shows densities on a relative scale.
Figure 3 in Population structure of a native and an alien species of snail in an urban area of the Atlantic Rainforest
Figure 3. Detectability probability (A), abundance (B) and recruitment (C) estimated for Achatina fulica during the study. The error bars show 90% confidence intervals.
Figure 3 in Seasonal changes in the population structure of dominant planktonic copepods collected using a sediment trap moored in the western Arctic Ocean
Figure 3. Seasonal changes in sea ice concentration, surface chl. a (from satellite) and total mass flux (a), and daylight hours (b) at St. NAPt from October 2010 to September 2012.
Figure 8 in Seasonal changes in the population structure of dominant planktonic copepods collected using a sediment trap moored in the western Arctic Ocean
Figure 8. Seasonal changes in sea ice concentration, daylight hours, chl. a, and total mass flux from January to December (upper panel). The ecological characteristics of the five dominant copepods (lower panel). The open and solid bars indicate the high abundance and reproductive periods for each species, respectively.
Figure 4 in Inter-oceanic comparison of planktonic copepod ecology (vertical distribution, abundance, community structure, population structure and body size) between the Okhotsk Sea and Oyashio region in autumn
Figure 4. Copepod species composition (centre) and copepodid stage structures of the dominant species (left: Oyashio region, right: Okhotsk Sea). All data are integrated means of a 0– 500 m water column based on the IONESS samples in the Oyashio region (St. 19) and Okhotsk Sea (St. OK24) from October to November 1996. Error bars for the copepodid stage indicate standard deviations of each daily duplicate.
Figure 3 in Inter-oceanic comparison of planktonic copepod ecology (vertical distribution, abundance, community structure, population structure and body size) between the Okhotsk Sea and Oyashio region in autumn
Figure 3. Vertical distribution of zooplankton biovolume in the Oyashio region (upper panels) and Okhotsk Sea (lower panels) from September to December in 1996–1998. Note that the biovolume axes are not the same between panels. Tc: thermocline.
Figure 2 in Diet composition of an invasive population of Lithobates catesbeianus (American Bullfrog) from Argentina
Figure 2. Index of relative importance (IRI) of prey consumed by adult Lithobates catesbeianus; % Number (%N) represents the numerical percentage and % volume (%vol) the volumetric percentage, and the horizontal axis represents the frequency of occurrence of each item.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.