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Data used in "The Backscatter Gating method for time, energy, and position resolution characterization of long form factor organic scintillators" by Hunter N. Ratliff et al.

This repository contains the raw experimental and PHITS-simulated data used in the JINST article “The Backscatter Gating method for time, energy, and position resolution characterization of long form factor organic scintillators” by Hunter N. Ratliff et al., available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07002">https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/P07002</a> (the accepted manuscript can also be found at <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3145287">https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3145287</a> and <a href="https://hratliff.com/publications/">https://hratliff.com/publications/</a>).   The data consists of three top-level directories, each with various subdirectories.  Within the “PHITS-simulated-data” directory are the PHITS simulations (including input and output files) used in producing Figures 4 and 5 in the manuscript, showing energy spectra in the bar for BSG events from a Cs-137 emission for placement of the source on the bar and on the BSG detector and with spacings between the bar and BSG detector of 20, 80, and 150 mm, along with the energy-dependent spatial distribution of these recoil electrons in the bar.   The other two top-level directories contain raw data produced by the CAEN CoMPASS software when acquiring data experimentally.  In the analysis for each measurement, the contents of the “RAW” folders were used.  The “Energy-calibrations-of-CeBr3” directory contains the energy spectra of the CeBr3 detector (used as the BSG detector) when exposed to a variety of radioactive sources, used together to energy-calibrate the CeBr3 detector.  The “Backscatter-gating-measurements” directory contains all of the list-mode data acquired with CoMPASS used for all of the other experimental measurements presented in the manuscript.  It contains subdirectories for varied sources, source positions along the bar, distances between the bar and BSG detector, measurements with the source affixed to the BSG detector instead, and a few miscellaneous measurements.  The “images” directories within each measurement’s directory (at the same level as the “RAW” folders) contain images produced by the analysis script written for this work used for diagnostics and presenting analyzed data.

Fig. 8 in Hardly Venus's servant-morphological adaptations of Veneriserva to an endoparasitic lifestyle and its phylogenetic position within Dorvilleidae (Annelida)

Fig. 8 Mitochondrial genome map of Veneriserva pygoclava. The inner ring presents the GC content graph. The complete, fully annotated mitochondrial genome is accessible via the NCBI GenBank database under the accession number: OR449961

Fig. 7 in Hardly Venus's servant-morphological adaptations of Veneriserva to an endoparasitic lifestyle and its phylogenetic position within Dorvilleidae (Annelida)

Fig. 7 Maximum likelihood (ML) tree of Dorvilleidae. The tree depicts the phylogenetic relationships within Dorvilleidae inferred through concatenated 16S, COI, Cytb, 18S, and H3 sequences. Bootstrap support values are provided for each node. Nodes with complete support are indicated with an asterisk (*); values below 50% are not shown. Branches of parasitic/symbiotic species highlighted in blue. Haplotype network for 5 Veneriserva pygoclava specimens is shown next to the tree

Fig. 6 in Hardly Venus's servant-morphological adaptations of Veneriserva to an endoparasitic lifestyle and its phylogenetic position within Dorvilleidae (Annelida)

Fig. 6 Epidermal ultrastructure of Veneriserva pygoclava. A–D TEM images of the epidermis revealing the presence of dense, modified microvilli (mv) that cover the body surface. A mucosecretory gland cell (gl) is discernable in A. D shows details of a multi-ciliated epidermal cell. B depicts the microvilli (mv) covering the cuticle (cu). Note the inflated tips of the microvilli and the electron-dense droplets. E Apically the epidermal cells display an abundance of transport vesicles (v). Arrowheads mark the branching microvilli piercing through the cuticle in all images. Abbreviations—ci cilia, m mitochondria, nc nucleus

Fig. 3 in Hardly Venus's servant-morphological adaptations of Veneriserva to an endoparasitic lifestyle and its phylogenetic position within Dorvilleidae (Annelida)

Fig. 3 µCT visualization of parasites within Aphrodita longipalpa. A 3D rendering of parasites shown within the projection of the host body. B–D Virtual dissections of surface renderings, showing crosssections of the host across three consecutive body regions, from anterior to posterior. Raw image data from the micro-CT stack, illustrating a horizontal section through the host (E) and a sagittal section (F). Head of the juvenile parasite is magnified to display the prominent jaws in white. Abbreviations—ja jaws, ne nephridia, pha pharynx. Female Veneriserva pygoclava is shown in yellow or with yellow arrowheads and the juvenile V. pygoclava in blue or with blue arrowheads

Fig. 4 AZAN-stained paraffin histology. A in Hardly Venus's servant-morphological adaptations of Veneriserva to an endoparasitic lifestyle and its phylogenetic position within Dorvilleidae (Annelida)

Fig. 4 AZAN-stained paraffin histology. A Histological cross-section of a juvenile Aphrodita longipalpa featuring an endoparasitic immature Veneriserva pygoclava (denoted by a star). B Longitudinal section of V. pygoclava, highlighting the absence of a through gut, and continuous uninterrupted mesenteries. C–H Cross-sections through the anterior region of V. pygoclava, showing the muscularized pharynx with jaws culminating in blind termination at section G. Abbreviations—ac acicula, br brain, df dorsal felt, el elytra, ja jaws, mo mouth, ne nephridium, pha pharynx, vnc ventral nerve cord

Fig. 2 Parasite abundance and distribution statistics. A in Hardly Venus's servant-morphological adaptations of Veneriserva to an endoparasitic lifestyle and its phylogenetic position within Dorvilleidae (Annelida)

Fig. 2 Parasite abundance and distribution statistics. A total of 58 Aphrodita longipalpa were dissected and examined for parasite presence. The upper horizontal bars graphically depict the proportional parasitism rates and the corresponding distribution among male, female, and juvenile parasites, along with various cohabitation configurations. The box plots show the relationship between host size and the occurrence of parasites, presented collectively and then individually for female, male, and juvenile parasites

Fig. 15 in Rediscovery of the enigmatic Madagascan endemic Belohina inexpectata Paulian, 1958, with notes on its morphology and phylogenetic position (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea: Belohinidae)

Fig. 15 – Maximum likelihood phylogeny of Scarabaeoidea, with a 39-taxon tree of the clade of Belohinidae, Dynamopodidae, and Hybosoridae, and the related families represented as single tips. Ultrafast bootstrap values show branch support. The inset tree on left displays the summary of the family-level relationships of interest for Belohina.

Fig. 16 in Rediscovery of the enigmatic Madagascan endemic Belohina inexpectata Paulian, 1958, with notes on its morphology and phylogenetic position (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea: Belohinidae)

Fig. 16 – Distribution map of Belohina, Belohinidae (star), its sister taxon Orubesa, Dynamopodidae (circles), and a potential second Dynamopodidae genus, Adraria (triangle). Sources for Orubesa occurrences: GBIF (1 record), Balthasar (1968), Barari (2001), Chavanon (2018), Gosh et al. (2020), Kocher (1958), Král et al. (2023), Krell (2021), Paulian (1954), Petrovitz (1958), Reitter (1895), Semenow (1895), Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Medvedev (1929), Shokhin (2007), Zavattari (1934), A. Ballerio, unpublished, P. Moretto, pers comm.; M. J. Paulsen, unpublished, D. Potanin, pers. comm., P. Tauzin pers. comm. Adraria is known only from the locus typicus (Villiers 1956).

Fig. 13 – Belohina inexpectata a in Rediscovery of the enigmatic Madagascan endemic Belohina inexpectata Paulian, 1958, with notes on its morphology and phylogenetic position (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea: Belohinidae)

Fig. 13 – Belohina inexpectata a, abdomen, with insert showing the small, sclerotized tubercle of abdominal tergite 3; b, abdomen with detail showing the small, sclerotized tubercle of abdominal tergite 3; c, abdomen, lateral view; d, detail of the small, sclerotized tubercle of abdominal tergite 3. Scale bar for a, b, c: 2 mm. Scale bar for inserts of a and b: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 14 in Rediscovery of the enigmatic Madagascan endemic Belohina inexpectata Paulian, 1958, with notes on its morphology and phylogenetic position (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea: Belohinidae)

Fig. 14 – Sound production by Belohina inexpectata. A, Oscillogram (relative amplitude vs time) and spectrogram (time vs frequency vs relative amplitude) of five echemes. The spectrogram was based on a short-time Fourier transform with a sliding Hanning window (512 samples, 85% of overlap) and 30 dB dynamic range. A 200 Hz high-pass filter was applied before analysis. B, Detail (grey region of A) of a single echeme showing successive pulses. C, Detail (grey region of B) of four successive pulses showing elementary oscillations.

Fig. 12 in Rediscovery of the enigmatic Madagascan endemic Belohina inexpectata Paulian, 1958, with notes on its morphology and phylogenetic position (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea: Belohinidae)

Fig. 12 – Belohina inexpectata male genitalia, a, b, c, d, aedeagus (pes = proximal endophallic sclerite; popes = parameroid of proximal endophallic sclerite); e, aedeagus of paratype after clearing; f, abdomen dorsal; g, abdomen ventral; aedeagus in resting position; i, spiculum gastrale. Scale bar for a, b, c, d, i: 0.7 Scale bar for f, g: 2 mm.

Fig. 11 – Belohina inexpectata a, b, c in Rediscovery of the enigmatic Madagascan endemic Belohina inexpectata Paulian, 1958, with notes on its morphology and phylogenetic position (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea: Belohinidae)

Fig. 11 – Belohina inexpectata a, b, c, last tarsomere of mesotarsi; d, patch of dense setae (dsp) on the surface of the profemora opposing the procoxae. Scale bar for a, b, c: 0.05 mm. Scale bar for d: 2 mm.

Fig. 9 – Belohina inexpectata a, b in Rediscovery of the enigmatic Madagascan endemic Belohina inexpectata Paulian, 1958, with notes on its morphology and phylogenetic position (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea: Belohinidae)

Fig. 9 – Belohina inexpectata a, b, epipharynx (dorsal and ventral), c, d, labium (ventral and dorsal); e, again ventral view of epipharynx. Scale bar for a, b: 0.5 mm, for c, d: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 7 in Rediscovery of the enigmatic Madagascan endemic Belohina inexpectata Paulian, 1958, with notes on its morphology and phylogenetic position (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea: Belohinidae)

Fig. 7 – Belohina inexpectata, mandibles a, ventral view; b, dorsal view; c, molar lobe; d, SEM of dorsal view. Scale bar for a, b, c: 0.3 mm.

Fig. 3 in Rediscovery of the enigmatic Madagascan endemic Belohina inexpectata Paulian, 1958, with notes on its morphology and phylogenetic position (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea: Belohinidae)

Fig. 3 – Belohina inexpectata (Atreaky forest), habitus of adult a, dorsal; b, ventral; c, lateral. Scale bar: 3 mm.

Fig. 10 – Belohina inexpectata a, b, c in Rediscovery of the enigmatic Madagascan endemic Belohina inexpectata Paulian, 1958, with notes on its morphology and phylogenetic position (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea: Belohinidae)

Fig. 10 – Belohina inexpectata a, b, c SEM of last antennomere showing the V-shaped sensory area (scale bar for b and c: 0.1 mm); d, antenna.

Fig. 6 – Belohina inexpectata a in Rediscovery of the enigmatic Madagascan endemic Belohina inexpectata Paulian, 1958, with notes on its morphology and phylogenetic position (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea: Belohinidae)

Fig. 6 – Belohina inexpectata a, ventral areas of meso- and metathorax (legs removed); b, mesothorax and elytra in sagittal view; c, ventral area of prothorax (legs removed); d, sagittal view of prothorax. Scale bar: 3 mm.

Fig. 8 – Belohina inexpectata a, b, c in Rediscovery of the enigmatic Madagascan endemic Belohina inexpectata Paulian, 1958, with notes on its morphology and phylogenetic position (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea: Belohinidae)

Fig. 8 – Belohina inexpectata a, b, c, three views of maxilla and a mandible to scale; e, f, g SEM for maxilla. Scale bar for a, b, c: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 2 in Rediscovery of the enigmatic Madagascan endemic Belohina inexpectata Paulian, 1958, with notes on its morphology and phylogenetic position (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea: Belohinidae)

Fig. 2 – Belohina inexpectata, holotype (MNHN) and its labels. Far right: labels of the paratype in MNHN.