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2,006 results for “andes”
Data from: A new tuberculated Pristimantis (Anura, Terrarana, Strabomantidae) from the Venezuelan Andes, redescription of Pristimantis pleurostriatus, and variation within Pristimantis vanadisae
A new tuberculated Pristimantis is described from the eastern versant of the Venezuelan Andes. The new species is found in cloud forest at around 1600 masl on the eastern side of the Cordillera de Mérida. It is distinguished from other similar tuberculated species by its round, ill-defined canthus rostralis, ill-defined canthal stripe, and absence of pale spots on the groin and posterior surface of thighs. Pristimantis pleurostriatus is a poorly known species found in cloud forest on the western slopes of the Venezuelan Andes. We redescribe the species based on topotypic specimens. Pristimantis vanadisae is a polychomatic species varying dramatically in pattern; four chromotypes are described. Molecular data are presented which distinguish among tuberculated and other species of Pristimantis in the Cordillera de Merida. Molecular data also support placement of Mucubatrachus and Paramophrynella in Pristimantis.
Data from: Lizards in the mist: thermal niches constrained by habitat and microclimates in the Andes of southern Bolivia
Aim: To understand how the activity budgets of ectotherms vary in mountain areas with high microclimatic and habitat heterogeneity, and how these factors together with habitat modulate the assemblage of ectotherm communities. Location; Tajzara Basin, Cordillera de Sama (3600–4300 masl), Department of Tarija, Bolivia. Taxon: four lizard species of the genus Liolaemus. Methods: After parameterizing the thermal physiology of each species and recording operative temperature time series with dataloggers, we calculated activity budgets for every species across 30 sampling sites. By multimodel inference we evaluated how activity budgets varied across the topography. We also assessed how abundances of each species were predicted by activity budgets, restriction time, temperature deviation, habitat covers and exposure to cold microclimate. Results: Activity budgets were not only influenced by elevation, but also by the exposure to cold air that comes through saddles from the eastern side of the mountain divide. Although thermal physiological parameters were relatively similar among the species, their abundances were conditioned to different extents by activity budgets, habitat and microclimates. Main conclusions: The abundance and distribution of each species across these lizard communities reflect the microclimatic heterogeneity originated by complex topography, which uncouples activity budgets from elevation. Only one species was confined to cold microclimate refugia with higher exposure to Föhn effect. Despite having relatively similar thermal aspect of fundamental niches, lizards may differ in their realized niches by habitat selection. Habitat specialization could compromise the persistence of some species under global warming by reducing the dispersal possibilities to certain areas where population sustainability might be impaired in the long term. Understanding the heterogeneity of microclimates and habitats and the physiology of the species partially explains their distribution at local scale, and provides insights on how to best confront upcoming climate change effects.
FIGURES 1–3. 1 in Andesipolis, a puzzling new genus of cyclostome Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from the Chilean Andes, with descriptions of three new species
FIGURES 1–3. 1: Andesipolis masoni Whitfield and Choi, n. sp., fore wing. 2: A. whartoni Whitfield and Choi, n. sp., fore and hind wing. 3: A. framea Whitfield and Choi, n. sp., fore wing. Unusual anal vein indicated by arrow.
FIGURE 1 in Description of a new species of Euptychia Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the western Andes
FIGURE 1. Male and female specimens of E. favonius sp. nov. and E. meta, left dorsal and right ventral surfaces: A) E. favonius, HOLOTYPE male, western Ecuador; B) E. favonius, PARATYPE female, western Ecuador; C) E. meta, male, eastern Ecuador; D) E. meta, LECTOTYPE female, southeastern Peru.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Mabuya (Squamata, Scincidae) from the Venezuelan Andes
FIGURE 2. Living specimen of Mabuya meridensis. Photograph by César L. BarrioAmorós, courtesy of Fundación AndígenA.
FIGURE 4 in Five new Penaincisalia species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini) from the Andes of southern Ecuador and northern Peru
FIGURE 4. Penaincisalia ismaeli male genitalia in lateral (A) and ventral (B) views; the width of each boxed figure is 3.4 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Five new Penaincisalia species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini) from the Andes of southern Ecuador and northern Peru
FIGURE 5. Topographic maps of the northern Andes, illustrating the known geographic ranges of the five new Penaincisalia species.
FIGURE 3 in Five new Penaincisalia species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini) from the Andes of southern Ecuador and northern Peru
FIGURE 3. Penaincisalia male genitalia in lateral (A, C, F, I) and ventral (B, D, G, J) views, with lateral view of eighth tergite in E and H; all genitalia are figured at approximately the same scale, with the width of each boxed figure 3.4 mm. A, B, P. caeruleanota. C, D, E, P. juliae. F, G, H, P. andreae. I, J, P. libertada.
FIGURE 2. Male Penaincisalia dorsal forewing scent pads. A, P. caeruleanota. B, P. juliae. C, P. andreae. D, P. libertada. E, F in Five new Penaincisalia species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini) from the Andes of southern Ecuador and northern Peru
FIGURE 2. Male Penaincisalia dorsal forewing scent pads. A, P. caeruleanota. B, P. juliae. C, P. andreae. D, P. libertada. E, F (higher magnification view of E), P. is ma eli.
FIGURE 1 in Five new Penaincisalia species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini) from the Andes of southern Ecuador and northern Peru
FIGURE 1. Penaincisalia adults (dorsal surface on left, ventral surface on right) at x 1.6 lifesize. A, paratype ɗ P. caeruleanota, Cerro Palma, S. Ecuador (JHKW). B, paratype Ψ P. caeruleanota, km. 11 YanganaCerro Toledo rd., S. Ecuador (RCB). C, paratype ɗ P. juliae, km. 34 JimburaSan Andrés rd., S. Ecuador (JHKW). D, paratype Ψ P. juliae, La Playa, Huicungo, P. N. Río Abiseo, N. Peru (MUSM). E, holotype ɗ P. andreae, Río San Francisco, ZamoraLoja rd., S. Ecuador (USNM). F, holotype ɗ P. libertada, Cumpang, between Tayabamba and Ongón, N. Peru (MUSM). G, holotype ɗ P. i s m a e l i, km. 10 LojaZamora rd., S. Ecuador (USNM).
FIGURES 2–5. Euglossa paisa n in Andes (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
FIGURES 2–5. Euglossa paisa n. sp.: lateral profile (2) of male holotype (TA125); upper view (3) of male paratype (TA105); frontal view (4) of head of male holotype (TA125); ventral view (5) of metasoma of male paratype (TA124) showing semicircular depressions on second sternum.
FIGURE 1 in Andes (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
FIGURE 1. Map of the Colombian Andean region showing major cities, rivers and shaded relief of the three Andean ranges (Cordillera Oriental, Occidental and Central). The two collection localities for Euglossa paisa n. sp. are indicated with filled black circles. The northern location (Anorí) is the type locality.
FIGURE 6–8. Euglossa paisa n in Andes (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
FIGURE 6–8. Euglossa paisa n. sp.: hind leg (6) of paratype (TA109) showing enlarged tibia with slit opening through which males deposit collected fragrances; midtibia (7) of the paratype (TA101); the midtibia line drawing (8) was based on a paratype specimen (TA124).
FIGURES 20–25. A. framea, n in Andesipolis, a puzzling new genus of cyclostome Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from the Chilean Andes, with descriptions of three new species
FIGURES 20–25. A. framea, n. sp. 20: mesosoma, lateral view, with epicnemial carina indicated by arrow. 21: propodeum and anterior metasomal tergites, nearly dorsal view, with areolar "crossbridge" indicated by arrow. 22: metasoma and ovipositor mechanism, lateral view, with straight ovipositor highlighted by arrow. 23: Head, posterolateral view, showing occipital carina meeting mandibular socket without meeting any obvious hypostomal carina. 24: closeup of ovipositor tip. 25: even closerup of ovipositor tip.
FIGURES 4–9. A. masoni, n in Andesipolis, a puzzling new genus of cyclostome Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from the Chilean Andes, with descriptions of three new species
FIGURES 4–9. A. masoni, n. sp. 4: third antennal segment, dorsal view. 5: mesosoma, lateral view, with epicnemial carina indicated by arrow. 6: mesoscutum through metanotum, dorsal view, with mesonotal midpit and sutoscutellar scrobe indicated by arrows. 7: propodeum and anterior metasomal tergites, dorsal view, with obsolescent anterior portions of propodeal areola indicated by arrows. 8: hind tarsal claw, simple type indicated by arrow. 9: metasoma and ovipositor mechanism, lateral view, with straight ovipositor highlighted by arrow.
FIGURES 14–19. A. whartoni, n in Andesipolis, a puzzling new genus of cyclostome Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from the Chilean Andes, with descriptions of three new species
FIGURES 14–19. A. whartoni, n. sp. 14: mesoscutum through metanotum, dorsal view, with mesonotal midpit and sutoscutellar scrobe indicated by arrows. 15: propodeum and anterior metasomal tergites, dorsal view, with obsolescent anterior portions of propodeal areola and dorsal carina of first metasomal tergite indicated by arrows. 16: mesosoma, lateral view, with epicnemial carina indicated by arrow. 17: metasoma and ovipositor mechanism, lateral view, with upturned ovipositor highlighted by arrow. 18: head, anterior view, with strong malar suture indicated by arrow. 19: hind tarsal claw, with prominent basal lobe indicated by arrow.
FIGURES 10–13. A in Andesipolis, a puzzling new genus of cyclostome Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from the Chilean Andes, with descriptions of three new species
FIGURES 10–13. A. sp., male. 10: genitalia capsule, ventral view. 11: metasoma, dorsal view, with distinct dorsope and dorsal carinae indicated by arrow. 12: head, posterior view, complete occipital carinae indicated by arrow. 13: mesosoma through propodeum, dorsal view, with mesonotal midpit, sutoscutellar scrobe and pentagonal propodeal areola indicated by arrows.
FIGURES 19–24 in Peruphasma marmoratum, a remarkable new species of high montane Phasmatodea (Pseudophasmatidae: Pseudophasmatinae) from the Venezuelan Andes
FIGURES 19–24. Peruphasma marmoratum sp. n. – 19: mandible, basal view; 20: mandible, lateral view; 21: mandible, apical view; 22: sensilla basiconica of tergite X; 23: pretarsus of hind leg; 24: apical part of metatarsus, ventral view – scale 1 mm: Figs 19, 21; 0.5 mm: Figs 20, 23; 0.25 mm: Fig 24; 0.2 mm: Fig 22
FIGURES 17–18 in Peruphasma marmoratum, a remarkable new species of high montane Phasmatodea (Pseudophasmatidae: Pseudophasmatinae) from the Venezuelan Andes
FIGURES 17–18. Female terminalia of Peruphasma marmoratum sp. n. – 17: ventral view; 18: lateral view – scale 1 mm.
FIGURES 14–16 in Peruphasma marmoratum, a remarkable new species of high montane Phasmatodea (Pseudophasmatidae: Pseudophasmatinae) from the Venezuelan Andes
FIGURES 14–16. Penial armature of Peruphasma marmoratum sp. n. – 14: lateral view; 15: ventral view; 16: lower penial valves, ventral view – scale 1 mm
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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