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Fig. 4 in Fine Scale Pattern Of True Bug Assemblages (Heteroptera) Across Two Natural Edges

Fig. 4. The significant relations between the abundance of true bug species and the distance from the edge. At site one: E.cil (r2 = 0.42, F = 8.085, p = 0.0159); Ae.atr (r2 = 0.92, F = 124.20, p <1,11 1,11 0.0001); X.qua (r2 = 0.37, F = 6.339, p = 0.0286); P.opa (r2 = 0.76, F = 34.83, p = 0.0001); A.gra 1,11 1,11 (r2 = 0.54, F = 12.85, p = 0.0043); site two: E.cil (r2 = 0.78, F = 38.55, p <0.0001); Ae.atr (r2 = 1,11 1,11 0.66, F = 21.06, p = 0.0008); X.qua (r2 = 0.37, F = 6.339, p = 0.0286); Ch.gra (r2 = 0.45, F = 1,11 1,11 1,11 9.17, p = 0.0114); N.tip (r2 = 0.39, F = 6.971, p = 0.0229); The error bands show the 95% confi1,11 dence for the fitted line. The abbreviations of the species: A.gra = Acalypta gracilis, Ae.atr = Aellopus atratus, Ch.gra = Chorosoma gracile, E.cil = Emblethis ciliatus, N.tip = Neides tipularius,

Fig. 3 in Fine Scale Pattern Of True Bug Assemblages (Heteroptera) Across Two Natural Edges

Fig. 3. The scatterplot of NMDS based on Bray-Curtis similarity shows the natural grouping of samples and the relevant species. The numbers mark the samples and mean their ditance from the edge (in meters). Positive numbers mark the samples of grasslands, negative numbers mark the samples of forests. Numbers in italic mark the samples at site one and numbers in bold mark the samples at site two. The arrows symbolise the effects of the habitat variables (plant species richness, percentage cover of monocotyledonous plants, dicotyledonous plants, mosses and lichens, leaf litter, bare soil surface). The variables were fitted passively onto the ordination diagram to visualise their effects. The abbreviations of the characteristic species: A.gra = Acalypta gracilis, Ae.atr = Aellopus atratus, C.col = Ceratocombus coleoptratus, C.ker = Coranus kerzhneri, Ch.gra = Chorosoma gracile, D.rot = Dictyla rotundata, E.cil = Emblethis ciliatus, M.are = Menaccarus arenicola, P.opa = Pionosomus opa-

Fig. 2 in Fine Scale Pattern Of True Bug Assemblages (Heteroptera) Across Two Natural Edges

Fig. 2. The figures show the changes in the assemblage structure of true bugs according to the complement of Morisita-Horn (black circles) and the Chao's Jaccard-type (empty circles) indices as dis-

Fig. 1 in Fine Scale Pattern Of True Bug Assemblages (Heteroptera) Across Two Natural Edges

Fig. 1. The scheme of the sampling design. The black circles symbolise the pitfall traps. The groups of traps are surrounded by boxes. Twenty groups of traps containing 5 pitfall traps were placed parallel to the edge. The distance between the traps was two meters; the distance between the groups of traps was one meter. Every second group of traps was shifted by one meter. The data belonging to a

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Fig. 2 in Trophic organization and fish assemblage structure as disturbance indicators in headwater streams of lower Sorocaba River basin, São Paulo, Brazil

Fig. 2. Average values and confidence interval (IC95%) of individuals' density, Shannon and Margalef Indices for each treatment, structurally complex streams (TT) and simplified stream (TC).

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Fig. 1 in Trophic organization and fish assemblage structure as disturbance indicators in headwater streams of lower Sorocaba River basin, São Paulo, Brazil

Fig. 1. Map of the study area showing São Paulo State within Brazil (top left panel); Sorocaba River basin (shaded) and sample region (square) within São Paulo State (bottom left panel); and elevation profile and hydrography with position of the sampled sites (circles) in the sample region (right panel).

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Fig. 3 in Trophic organization and fish assemblage structure as disturbance indicators in headwater streams of lower Sorocaba River basin, São Paulo, Brazil

Fig. 3. Projections of the Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) and the smallest convex hulls that contain all data of the structurally complex streams (TT1, TT2 and TT3) and simplified stream (TC) according to a) taxonomic structure and b) trophic groups.

Fig. 4 in Effects of the interannual variations in the flood pulse mediated by hypoxia tolerance: the case of the fish assemblages in the upper Paraná River floodplain

Fig. 4. Ordination of the samples of the upper Paraná River floodplain, through the detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), in years of short (diamond: 2000 white, 2001 gray) and moderate floods (square: 2002 gray, 2003 black). Numbers 1-6 are codes of the sampling stations (see Fig. 1).

Fig. 5 in Effects of the interannual variations in the flood pulse mediated by hypoxia tolerance: the case of the fish assemblages in the upper Paraná River floodplain

Fig. 5. Fish assemblage attributes in the main habitats of the upper Paraná River floodplain in years of short (2000 and 2001) and moderate (2002 and 2003) floods. The black area of the bars represents the proportion of STH. Numbers 1-6 on the abscissa are codes of the sampling stations (see Fig. 1).

Fig. 2 in Effects of the interannual variations in the flood pulse mediated by hypoxia tolerance: the case of the fish assemblages in the upper Paraná River floodplain

Fig. 2. Monthly (a) and daily level (b, between January and March) of the upper Paraná River recorded in Porto São José municipality. In b (right axis), the number of days between January and March, when the upper Paraná River surpassed the threshold of 350 cm (horizontal braked line). The years 2000 and 2001 were considered as years of short floods and 2002 and 2003 as years of moderate floods. Source: National Department of Waters and Electric Energy.

Fig. 6 in Effects of the interannual variations in the flood pulse mediated by hypoxia tolerance: the case of the fish assemblages in the upper Paraná River floodplain

Fig. 6. Relationships between each assemblage attribute and dissolved oxygen, in years of short (white) and moderate floods (black). Attributes where either calculated for the entire fish assemblage (STH+SIH) (a-c) and for the subsets of STH (d-f) and SIH (g-i). Numbers 1-6 are codes of the sampling stations (see Fig. 1).

Fig. 2 in Habitat characteristics and environmental parameters influencing fish assemblages of karstic pools in southern Mexico

Fig. 2. Biplot of the scores for the environmental variables (36 pools) using canonical variate analysis (CVA) based by Euclidean distance (Hill's scaling option). Environmental vector showed the direction along which each variable changes most: temperature (T), dissolved oxygen (DO), conductivity (Cond), pH, nitrates (NO 3), ammonium (NH 4), and potassium (K). Polygons: group locations (pools) with similar hydrological characteristics (Table 1). Group A: pools characterized by high ammonium concentration, B: pools with high electrical conductivity, and C: pools with high phosphorous concentrations.

Fig. 3 in Habitat characteristics and environmental parameters influencing fish assemblages of karstic pools in southern Mexico

Fig. 3. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling ordination of fish assemblage structure in karstic pools from Calakmul Biosphere Reserve. Habitat type obtained by CVA analysis s specified for the exclusive species.

Fig. 1 in Habitat characteristics and environmental parameters influencing fish assemblages of karstic pools in southern Mexico

Fig. 1. Calakmul Biosphere Reserve in southern Mexico, showing the borderline of the core area, and buffer zone indicated by shaded polygons. The white circles denoted pools located in habitat A, black circles are pools in habitat B, and black squares in habitat C. Pool identification numbers are specified in Table 3.

Fig. 4 in Habitat characteristics and environmental parameters influencing fish assemblages of karstic pools in southern Mexico

Fig. 4. CCA ordination diagram based on species abundances (closed circles), with habitat quality variables designed by a star: G = grass, T= ephemeral, P = perennial, WV = without vegetation, AR = arboreal cover, AV = aquatic vegetation, HU = human use, TF = tilapia farming. Environmental parameters represented by vectors: O2 = dissolved oxygen, Cond. = conductivity, pH, NO3 = nitrates, NH4 = ammonium, and K = potassium. See Table 2 for species abbreviations. The first canonical axes: (F = 6.09, P = 0.026) and for all canonical axes (F = 1.879, P = 0.040).

Figure 4 in The effect of grassland management on diversity of spider assemblages in the Mátra mountain

Figure 4. Ordination diagram of a distribution of guilds (hunting strategy) in the habitats. Guild types: +-Shaft diggers, O-Orb weavers, □-Space web spiders, ●-Diurnal runnings, *-Nocturnal runnings, ■-Crab spiders,▲- Jumping spiders.

Figure 2 in The effect of grassland management on diversity of spider assemblages in the Mátra mountain

Figure 2. Correlation of (A) number of individuals and (B) species richness between control and mowed habitats

Figure 5 in The effect of grassland management on diversity of spider assemblages in the Mátra mountain

Figure 5. (A) Cluster analysis and (B) Non-metric MDS by Bray-Curtis similarity of spider assemblages between the different habitat types

Figure 3 in The effect of grassland management on diversity of spider assemblages in the Mátra mountain

Figure 3. The values of Shannon-Wiener diversity (H) and Simpson's index (1-D) in the different habitat types.