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617 results for “base population”
Data from: Catastrophic health expenditure according to employment status in South Korea: A population-based panel study
Objectives: Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) means that medical spending of a household exceeds a certain level of capacity to pay. Previous studies of CHE have focused on benefits supported by the public sector or high medical cost incurred by treating diseases in South Korea. This study examines variance of CHE in these households according to changes in employment status. We also determine whether a relationship exists according to income level. Design: A longitudinal study. Setting: We used the Korea Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS) conducted by the Korea Institute. Participants: These data consisted of 5,335 households during 2009-2012. Outcome measure: CHE defined as health expenditures that were 40% greater than the ability of the household to pay. Results: Households with people who experienced changes in job status from employed to unemployed (OR 2.79, 95% CI 2.06-3.78) or were unemployed with no status change (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.28-1.92) were more likely to incur CHE compared to those who were consistently employed. In addition, low-income families that either lost a job (OR 3.52, 95% CI 2.44-5.10) or were already unemployed (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.29-2.16) were more likely to incur CHE compared to those with a consistent job. Conclusions: Given the insecure employment status of people with low-income, they are more likely to face barriers in obtaining needed health services. Meeting their needs for health care is an important consideration.
Data from: The population genomics of archaeological transition in west Iberia: investigation of ancient substructure using imputation and haplotype-based methods
We analyse new genomic data (0.05–2.95x) from 14 ancient individuals from Portugal distributed from the Middle Neolithic (4200–3500 BC) to the Middle Bronze Age (1740–1430 BC) and impute genomewide diploid genotypes in these together with published ancient Eurasians. While discontinuity is evident in the transition to agriculture across the region, sensitive haplotype-based analyses suggest a significant degree of local hunter-gatherer contribution to later Iberian Neolithic populations. A more subtle genetic influx is also apparent in the Bronze Age, detectable from analyses including haplotype sharing with both ancient and modern genomes, D-statistics and Y-chromosome lineages. However, the limited nature of this introgression contrasts with the major Steppe migration turnovers within third Millennium northern Europe and echoes the survival of non-Indo-European language in Iberia. Changes in genomic estimates of individual height across Europe are also associated with these major cultural transitions, and ancestral components continue to correlate with modern differences in stature.
Data from: Understanding past population dynamics: Bayesian coalescent-based modeling with covariates
Effective population size characterizes the genetic variability in a population and is a parameter of paramount importance in population genetics and evolutionary biology. Kingman's coalescent process enables inference of past population dynamics directly from molecular sequence data, and researchers have developed a number of flexible coalescent-based models for Bayesian nonparametric estimation of the effective population size as a function of time. Major goals of demographic reconstruction include identifying driving factors of effective population size, and understanding the association between the effective population size and such factors. Building upon Bayesian nonparametric coalescent-based approaches, we introduce a flexible framework that incorporates time-varying covariates that exploit Gaussian Markov random fields to achieve temporal smoothing of effective population size trajectories. To approximate the posterior distribution, we adapt efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms designed for highly structured Gaussian models. Incorporating covariates into the demographic inference framework enables the modeling of associations between the effective population size and covariates while accounting for uncertainty in population histories. Furthermore, it can lead to more precise estimates of population dynamics. We apply our model to four examples. We reconstruct the demographic history of raccoon rabies in North America and find a significant association with the spatiotemporal spread of the outbreak. Next, we examine the effective population size trajectory of the DENV-4 virus in Puerto Rico along with viral isolate count data and find similar cyclic patterns. We compare the population history of the HIV-1 CRF02_AG clade in Cameroon with HIV incidence and prevalence data and find that the effective population size is more reflective of incidence rate. Finally, we explore the hypothesis that the population dynamics of musk ox during the Late Quaternary period were related to climate change.
Data from: Effect of ultrasonography surveillance in patients with liver cancer: a population-based longitudinal study
Objective Liver cancer is a growing global public health problem. Ultrasonography is an imaging tool widely used for the early diagnosis of liver cancer. However, the effect of ultrasonography surveillance (US) on the survival of patients with liver cancer is unknown. Therefore, this study examined the association between survival and US frequency during the 2 years preceding patients' liver cancer diagnosis. Methods This population-based longitudinal study was conducted in Taiwan, a region with high liver cancer incidence, by using the National Health Insurance Research Database. We compared survival between patients who received US three times or more (≥3 group) and less than three times (<3 group) during the 2 years preceding their liver cancer diagnosis, and identified the predictors for the ≥3 group. Results This study enrolled 4621 patients with liver cancer who had died between 1997 and 2010. The median survival rate was higher in the ≥3 group (1.42 years) than in the <3 group (0.51 years). Five-year survival probability was also significantly higher in the ≥3 group (14.4%) than in the <3 group (7.7%). The multivariate logistic regression results showed that the three most common positive predictors for receiving three or more US sessions were indications of viral hepatitis, gallbladder diseases, and kidney–urinary–bladder diseases; the most common negative predictors for receiving three or more US sessions were male sex and indications of abdominal pain. Conclusion Patients with liver cancer who received US three times or more during the 2 years preceding their liver cancer diagnosis exhibited a higher 5-year survival probability.
Data from: Risk factors for possible REM sleep behavior disorder: a CLSA population-based cohort study
Objective: Idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a powerful marker of prodromal neurodegenerative synucleinopathy, with 80% of patients ultimately phenoconverting to defined disease. Several environmental risk factors for RBD have been suggested, but associations vary between studies. We assessed sociodemographic, socioeconomic and clinical correlates of RBD in a 30,000-subject national cohort. Methods: Subjects aged 45-85 years in Canada were collected as part of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Possible RBD (pRBD) was screened with the RBD-1Q, a questionnaire with 94% specificity and 87% sensitivity. To improve diagnostic reliability, subjects screening positive for apnea or non-REM parasomnia (young onset pRBD), and subjects self-reporting dementia or Parkinson's disease were excluded. A series of sociodemographic, life style and mental health variables were analysed cross-sectionally. Potential correlates were assessed via multivariable logistic regression. Results: Of 30,097 subjects, 958 (3.2%) had pRBD. Male sex (OR=2.14 ,95%CI=[1.84, 2.49]) and lower education (OR=0.95 [0.92, 0.98] were associated with pRBD. pRBD subjects had smoked more (total smoking years OR=1.006 [1.010, 1.011]) and were more likely to be moderate-heavy drinkers (OR=1.25 [1.03, 1.50]). There was a strong association between pRBD and self-reported antidepressant treatment for depression (OR=2.76 [2.22, 3.44]), psychological distress (OR=1.52 [1.37, 1.69]), mental illness (OR=2.08 [1.79, 2.41]), and post-traumatic stress disorder (OR=2.84 [2.55, 3.54]). Conclusions: Our study replicated previous reported associations between pRBD and smoking, low education and male sex, and found previously-unreported links with alcohol use and psychological distress. The risk factors for pRBD differ from those previously defined for neurodegenerative synucleinopathies.
Data from: Drowning mortality by intent: a population-based cross-sectional study of 32 OECD countries, 2012–2014
Objective: To compare the drowning mortality rates and proportion of deaths of each intent among all drowning deaths in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in 2012–2014. Design: A population-based cross-sectional study. Setting: 32 OECD countries. Participants: Individuals in OECD countries who died from drowning. Main outcome measures: Drowning mortality rates (deaths per 100,000 population) and proportion (%) of deaths of each intent (i.e., unintentional intent, intentional self-harm, assault, undetermined intent, and all intents combined) among all drowning deaths. Results: Countries with the highest drowning mortality rates (deaths per 100,000 population) were Estonia (3.53), Japan (3.49), and Greece (2.40) for unintentional intent; Ireland (0.96), Belgium (0.96), and Korea (0.89) for intentional self-harm; Austria (0.57), Korea (0.56), and Hungary (0.44) for undetermined intent; and Japan (4.35), Estonia (3.70), and Korea (2.73) for all intents combined. Korea ranked 12th and third for unintentional intent and all intents combined, respectively. By contrast, Belgium ranked second and 15th for intentional self-harm and all intents combined, respectively. The proportion of deaths of each intent among all drowning deaths in each country varied greatly: from 26.2% in Belgium to 96.8% in Chile for unintentional intent; 0.7% in Mexico to 57.4% in Belgium for intentional self-harm; 0.0% in nine countries to 4.9% in Mexico for assault; and 0.0% in Israel and Turkey to 38.3% in Austria for undetermined intent. Conclusions: A large variation in the practice of classifying undetermined intent in drowning deaths across countries was noted and this variation hinders valid international comparisons of intent-specific (unintentional and intentional self-harm) drowning mortality rates.
Data from: CRISPR-based herd immunity limits phage epidemics in bacterial populations
Herd immunity, a process in which resistant individuals limit the spread of a pathogen among susceptible hosts has been extensively studied in eukaryotes. Even though bacteria have evolved multiple immune systems against their phage pathogens, herd immunity in bacteria remains unexplored. Here we experimentally demonstrate that herd immunity arises during phage epidemics in structured and unstructured Escherichia coli populations consisting of differing frequencies of susceptible and resistant cells harboring CRISPR immunity. In addition, we develop a mathematical model that quantifies how herd immunity is affected by spatial population structure, bacterial growth rate, and phage replication rate. Using our model we infer a general epidemiological rule describing the relative speed of an epidemic in partially resistant spatially structured populations. Our experimental and theoretical findings indicate that herd immunity may be important in bacterial communities, allowing for stable coexistence of bacteria and their phages and the maintenance of polymorphism in bacterial immunity.
Supplementary material 1 from: Topping CJ, Duan X (2024) Managing large and complex population operations with agent-based models: The ALMaSS Population_Manager. Food and Ecological Systems Modelling Journal 5: e117593. https://doi.org/10.3897/fmj.5.117593
The code documentation for the ALMaSS Population_Manager class
Figure 2 from: Topping CJ, Duan X (2024) Managing large and complex population operations with agent-based models: The ALMaSS Population_Manager. Food and Ecological Systems Modelling Journal 5: e117593. https://doi.org/10.3897/fmj.5.117593
Figure 2 The time step processes. The three parts of the time step (BeginStep, Step, EndStep) process can run in multithreaded mode for each object 1 to n, extant at that time and are separated by customisable methods for reporting or list management by the Population_Manager class.
Figure 1 from: Topping CJ, Duan X (2024) Managing large and complex population operations with agent-based models: The ALMaSS Population_Manager. Food and Ecological Systems Modelling Journal 5: e117593. https://doi.org/10.3897/fmj.5.117593
Figure 1 The current class hierarchy for beetle population managers, starting with the parent class Population_Manager_Base.
Figure 3 from: Topping CJ, Duan X (2024) Managing large and complex population operations with agent-based models: The ALMaSS Population_Manager. Food and Ecological Systems Modelling Journal 5: e117593. https://doi.org/10.3897/fmj.5.117593
Figure 3 Change in the maximum and minimum sizes and population numbers for two scenarios using the Theoretical1 species, N = do nothing, Rand = randomise the execution order.
Data from: Evolution of wing length and melanin-based coloration in insular populations of a cosmopolitan raptor
<p><b>Aim.</b> Insular populations face different conditions than those living on continents, thus resulting in the evolution of typical insular phenotypes, like smaller body sizes or reduced colourations. However, the generality of the so-called "island rule" has been questioned, and intraspecific analyses on the effects of insularity on cosmopolitan species are lacking. Here, we tested the predictions of the island rule in the cosmopolitan common barn owl group.</p> <p><b>Location.</b> World.</p> <p><b>Taxon.</b> Barn owl species complex.</p> <p><b>Methods.</b> We compared wing and bill length, as well as melanin-based plumage traits, between thousands of insular and continental barn owls living in the Afro-Palearctic region (<i>T. alba</i>), in the Americas (<i>T. furcata</i>), and in Australasia (<i>T. javanica</i>). We also tested whether the difference between insular and continental populations in these phenotypic traits varies among islands/archipelagos of different size and isolation.</p> <p><b>Results.</b> In all the regions, we found differences between insular and continental owls in all the traits but bill length, with insular populations convergently evolving shorter wings and paler colourations. In addition, the difference in wing size between insular and continental populations is particularly marked on small and remote island systems, while melanin-based traits are less expressed especially on large islands.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions.</b> We thus provide unprecedented evidence that insular conditions drive predictable phenotypic variations, even at the intraspecific level in different biogeographic regions, possibly promoting speciation events. In addition, our results also indicate that selective advantages of a given colouration can arise as the by‐product of positive selection on individuals displaying phenotypic traits which can favour island colonization and are genetically linked to melanisation.</p>
Data from: Prevalence of disability associated with head injury with loss of consciousness: a population-based study
<div class="WordSection1"> <div class="WordSection1"> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Objective</b>: To provide nationally representative prevalence estimates of disability associated with prior head injury with loss of consciousness in the U.S. and to examine associations between prior head injury and disability.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Methods</b>: Cross-sectional analysis of 7,390 participants aged ³40 years in the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Head injury with loss of consciousness was assessed by self-report. Domains of disability were assessed using a standardized structured questionnaire and measured grip strength. Logistic regression models adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic/behavioral, and medical comorbidity variables were used. Multiple imputation was used to account for missing covariate data.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Results</b>: Mean age of participants was 58 years, 53% were female, 71% were non-Hispanic white, and 16% had a history of head injury. Overall, participants with a history of head injury had higher prevalence of disability in at least one domain of functioning compared to individuals without a history of head injury (47.4% versus 38.6%, p<0.001), with the highest prevalence of disability in the domains of mobility and work productivity. In fully adjusted models, head injury was significantly positively associated with disability in all domains assessed on the standardized questionnaire (all p<0.05), but not with upper extremity grip strength (all p>0.05).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Conclusions</b>: 47.4% of individuals aged ≥40 years in the U.S with a history of head injury are living with disability in at least one domain of functioning, corresponding to approximately 11.4 million affected individuals. This significant burden of disability suggests that efforts are needed to improve functioning among individuals with head injury. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </div> </div>
Data from: Perinatal depression and anxiety in women with MS: a population-based cohort study
<p><b>Objective: </b>To assess the occurrence of perinatal depression and anxiety in women before and after diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS).</p> <p><b>Methods: </b>114,629 pregnant women were included in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort study 1999–2008. We assessed depression and anxiety by questionnaires during and after pregnancy. Women with MS were identified from national health registries and hospital records and grouped into 1) MS diagnosed before pregnancy (n = 140), MS diagnosed after pregnancy with 2) symptom onset before pregnancy (n = 98) and 3) symptom onset after pregnancy (n = 308). Thirty-five women were diagnosed with MS in the postpartum period. The reference group (n = 111,627) consisted of women without MS.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>Women with MS diagnosed before pregnancy had an adjusted odds ratio of 2.0 (95% confidence interval 1.2–3.1) for depression in the third trimester. Risk factors were adverse socioeconomic factors, history of psychiatric disease and physical/sexual abuse. The risk of anxiety was not increased. Women diagnosed with MS in the postpartum period had especially high risk of postpartum depression. Women with MS symptom onset within 5 years after pregnancy had increased risk of both depression and anxiety during pregnancy, whereas women with more than 5 years until symptom onset did not.</p> <p><b>Conclusion: </b>Women diagnosed with MS have increased risk of perinatal depression. Women with MS symptom onset within 5 years after pregnancy have increased risk of both depression and anxiety during pregnancy.</p>
Figure 7 in Effects of climatic parameters on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) populations based on remote sensing in the southeastern Caspian Sea
Figure 7. The relationship between daily Land Surface Temperature and spider mite population (mean score of each window) from June 9, 2020 to September 17, 2020. (First window, May 30 to June 9 was not spider mite distribution data), … and -- are Day and night LST, respectively.
Development of a site fidelity index based on capture-recapture data at population level
<p>R codes and dataset supporting the results of this article</p>
Fig. 1 in Genetic diversity and population structure of endangered Neofinetia falcata (Orchidaceae) in South Korea based on microsatellite analysis
Fig. 1. Geographic distribution of N. falcata populations. Abbreviations are shown in Table 1. Pie charts represent assignment probability of belonging to each K = 2 clusters identified by STRUCTURE based on microsatellite allele frequencies, with probability values normalized using CLUMPP.
Development of a site fidelity index based on population capture-recapture data
<p>Raw data supporting the results of the scientific article</p>
Figure 2 from: Degtjarenko P, Jüriado I, Mandel T, Tõrra T, Saag A, Scheidegger C, Randlane T (2019) Microsatellite based genetic diversity of the widespread epiphytic lichen Usnea subfloridana (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) in Estonia: comparison of populations from the mainland and an island. MycoKeys 58: 27-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.58.36557
Figure 2 Total number of shared haplotypes between populations of Usnea subfloridana in the south-eastern (SE), the western (W) and northern (N) regions of Estonia; the thickness of lines reflects the number of shared haplotypes between populations.
Figure 3 from: Degtjarenko P, Jüriado I, Mandel T, Tõrra T, Saag A, Scheidegger C, Randlane T (2019) Microsatellite based genetic diversity of the widespread epiphytic lichen Usnea subfloridana (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) in Estonia: comparison of populations from the mainland and an island. MycoKeys 58: 27-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.58.36557
Figure 3 Usnea subfloridana multilocus genotypes in the principal component analysis (PCA) ordination plot of the first and second axes. Samples are grouped according to the presence of lichen substance: samples containing thamnolic (square) or squamatic acid (circle).
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.