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511 results for “climate effects”
Data from: Interacting effects of wildlife loss and climate on ticks and tick-borne disease
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Data from: Short-term climate change manipulation effects do not scale up to long-term legacies: effects of an absent snow cover on boreal forest plants
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Data from: Drought-induced starvation of aardvarks in the Kalahari: an indirect effect of climate change
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Using different body size measures can lead to different conclusions about the effects of climate change
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Climate effects on the breeding ecology of pied flycatchers at the north of their range
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Data from: The effects of supplementary food on the breeding performance of Eurasian reed warblers Acrocephalus scirpaceus; implications for climate change impacts
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Dynamic effects of insect herbivory and climate on tundra shrub growth: roles of browsing and ramet age
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Evidence for antagonistic effects of climate change and exotic pathogens on regeneration of Mediterranean forests
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The effects of changing climate on skull size in the common shrew
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Data for: The effect of Pliocene regional climate changes on silicate weathering
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Effects of low-carbon energy adoption on airborne particulate matter concentrations with feedbacks to future climate over California
<p>California plans to reduce emissions of long-lived greenhouse gases (GHGs) through adoption of new energy systems that will also lower concentrations of short-lived absorbing soot contained in airborne particulate matter (PM). Here we examine the direct and indirect effects of reduced PM concentrations under a low-carbon energy (GHG-Step) scenario on radiative forcing in California. Simulations were carried out using the source-oriented WRF/Chem (SOWC) model over California with 12 km spatial resolution for the year 2054. The avoided aerosol emissions due to technology advances in the GHG-step scenario reduce ground level PM concentrations by ~8.85% over land compared to the Business as Usual (BAU) scenario, but changes to meteorological parameters are more modest. Top of atmospheric forcing predicted by the SOWC model increased by 0.15 W m<sup>-2</sup>, surface temperature warmed by 0.001 K, and planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) increased by 2.20 cm in the GHG-Step scenario compared to the BAU scenario. PM climate feedbacks are small because the significant changes in ground level PM concentrations associated with the GHG-Step scenario are limited to the first few hundred meters of the atmosphere, with little change for the majority of the vertical column above that level. As an order-of-magnitude comparison, the long-term effects of global reductions in GHG emissions (RCP8.5 – RCP4.5) lowered average surface temperature over the California study domain by approximately 0.76 K. The effects of long-lived climate pollutants such as CO<sub>2</sub> are much stronger than the effects of short-lived climate pollutants such as PM soot over California in the year 2054. </p>
Combined effects of global climate change and nutrient enrichment on the physiology of three temperate maerl species
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Made up of calcareous coralline algae, maerl beds play a major role as ecosystem engineers in coastal areas throughout the world. They undergo strong anthropogenic pressures, which may threaten their survival. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the future of maerl beds in the context of global and local changes. We examined the effects of rising temperatures (+3ºC) and ocean acidification (-0.3 pH units) according to temperature and pH projections (i.e. the RCP8.5 scenario), and nutrient (N and P) availability on three temperate maerl species (<i>Lithothamnion corallioides</i>, <i>Phymatolithon calcareum</i>, <i>Lithophyllum incrustans</i>) in the laboratory in winter and summer conditions. Physiological rates of primary production, respiration and calcification were measured on all three species in each treatment and season. The physiological response of maerl to global climate change was species-specific and influenced by seawater nutrient concentrations. Future temperature-pH scenario enhanced maximal gross primary production rates in <i>P. calcareum </i>in winter and in <i>L. corallioides </i>in both seasons. Nevertheless, both species suffered an impairment of light harvesting and photo-protective mechanisms in winter. Calcification rates at ambient light intensity were negatively affected by the future temperature-pH scenario in winter, with net dissolution observed in the dark in <i>L. corallioides</i>and <i>P. calcareum</i>under low nutrient concentrations. Nutrient enrichment avoided dissolution under future scenarios in winter and had a positive effect on <i>L. incrustans</i>calcification rate in the dark in summer. In winter conditions maximal calcification rates were enhanced by the future temperature-pH scenario on the three species, but <i>P. calcareum </i>suffered inhibition at high irradiances. In summer conditions, the maximal calcification rate dropped in <i>L. corallioides </i>under the future global climate change scenario<i>, </i>with a potential negative impact on CaCO<sub>3</sub>budget for maerl beds in the Bay of Brest where this species is dominant. Our results highlight how local changes in nutrient availability or irradiance levels impact the response of maerl species to global climate change and thus point out how it is important to consider other abiotic parameters in order to develop management policies capable to increase the resilience of maerl beds under the future global climate change scenario.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Urbanization mediates the effects of water quality and climate on a model aerial insectivorous bird
<p>Aerial insectivorous birds have experienced alarming population declines in eastern North America. Meanwhile, urbanization continues to increase rapidly, with urban land use comprising 69.4 million acres, or 3.6% of total land area, in the contiguous United States. Multiple environmental changes are associated with urbanization, including alterations to local climate, changes in habitat structure, and potential shifts in both terrestrial and emergent aquatic flying insects on which aerial insectivorous birds rely. Here, we investigated the linkages between urbanization, water quality, and Tree Swallow (<i>Tachycineta bicolor</i>) reproductive success and body condition at seven river-riparian sites representing urban and protected land use in Columbus, Ohio over five consecutive years (2014-2018). Tree Swallows at urban and protected sites relied on emergent aquatic insects for 37.4 and 30.8% (SD = 28.4 and 24.1%) of their nutritional subsidies, respectively. Despite the loss of environmental quality generally attributed to cities, Tree Swallows exhibited greater reproductive success in urban settings where climate was more amenable to egg and nestling survival, and the breeding season was longer. Urban-nesting Tree Swallows initiated laying 7.9 days earlier and fledged 35% more young per nest than those at protected sites. Multiple characteristics of urban sites appeared to drive these patterns, including differences in mean and extreme air temperatures and measures of water quality (e.g., water temperature, nutrient concentrations, turbidity). However, chronic effects of elevated Hg concentrations – which were 482% greater in adult swallow blood at urban sites than at protected sites where swallows exhibited a 17.4% lower trophic position – may disadvantage individuals in other ways. Further, although Tree Swallows are a good model aerial insectivore bird species, characteristics of urban landscapes that benefit Tree Swallows may not advantage other aerial insectivorous birds owing to differences in life-history and foraging strategies. These findings implicate urbanization, local climate, and water quality as important considerations in the conservation of aerial insectivorous birds.</p>
Supplementary material 3 from: Manjarrés-Hernández A, Guisande C, García-Roselló E, Heine J, Pelayo-Villamil P, Pérez-Costas E, González-Vilas L, González-Dacosta J, R. Duque S, Granado-Lorencio C, Lobo JM (2021) Predicting the effects of climate change on future freshwater fish diversity at global scale. Nature Conservation 43: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.43.58997
Appendix 2
Supplementary material 4 from: Manjarrés-Hernández A, Guisande C, García-Roselló E, Heine J, Pelayo-Villamil P, Pérez-Costas E, González-Vilas L, González-Dacosta J, R. Duque S, Granado-Lorencio C, Lobo JM (2021) Predicting the effects of climate change on future freshwater fish diversity at global scale. Nature Conservation 43: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.43.58997
Appendix 3
Supplementary material 1 from: Manjarrés-Hernández A, Guisande C, García-Roselló E, Heine J, Pelayo-Villamil P, Pérez-Costas E, González-Vilas L, González-Dacosta J, R. Duque S, Granado-Lorencio C, Lobo JM (2021) Predicting the effects of climate change on future freshwater fish diversity at global scale. Nature Conservation 43: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.43.58997
Appendix 1
Supplementary material 2 from: Manjarrés-Hernández A, Guisande C, García-Roselló E, Heine J, Pelayo-Villamil P, Pérez-Costas E, González-Vilas L, González-Dacosta J, R. Duque S, Granado-Lorencio C, Lobo JM (2021) Predicting the effects of climate change on future freshwater fish diversity at global scale. Nature Conservation 43: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.43.58997
Table S1
Data from: Climate outweighs native vs. non-native range-effects for genetics and common garden performance of a cosmopolitan weed
Comparing genetic diversity, genetic differentiation and performance between native and non-native populations has advanced our knowledge of contemporary evolution and its ecological consequences. However, such between-range comparisons can be complicated by high among-population variation within native and non-native ranges. For example, native vs. non-native comparisons between small and non-representative subsets of populations for species with very large distributions have the potential to mislead because they may not sufficiently account for within-range adaptation to climatic conditions, and demographic history that may lead to non-adaptive evolution. We used the cosmopolitan weed Conyza canadensis to study the interplay of adaptive and demographic processes across, to our knowledge, the broadest climatic gradient yet investigated in this context. To examine the distribution of genetic diversity, we genotyped 26 native and 26 non-native populations at 12 microsatellite loci. Furthermore, we recorded performance traits for 12 native and 13 non-native populations in the field and in the common garden. To analyze how performance was related to range and/or climate, we fit pedigree mixed-effects models. These models weighed the population random effect for co-ancestry to account for the influence of demographic history on phenotypic among-population differentiation. Genetic diversity was very low, selfing rates were very high, and both were comparable between native and non-native ranges. Non-native populations out-performed native populations in the field. However, our most salient result was that both neutral genetic differentiation and common garden performance were far more correlated with the climatic conditions from which populations originated than native vs. non-native range-affiliation. Including co-ancestry of our populations in our models greatly increased explained variance and our ability to detect significant main effects for among-population variation in performance. High propagule pressure and high selfing rates, in concert with the ability to adapt rapidly to climatic gradients, may have facilitated the global success of this weed. Neither native nor non-native populations were homogeneous groups but responded comparably to similar environments in each range. We suggest that studies of contemporary evolution should consider widely distributed and genotyped populations to disentangle native vs. non-native range-effects from varying adaptive processes within ranges and from potentially confounding effects of demographic history.
Data from: Seasonal climate effects on the survival of a hibernating mammal
Global climate change and associated regional climate variability is impacting the phenology of many species, ultimately altering individual fitness and population dynamics. Yet, few studies have considered the effects of pertinent seasonal climate variability on phenology and fitness. Hibernators may be particularly susceptible to changes in seasonal climate since they have a relatively short active season in which to reproduce and gain enough mass to survive the following winter. To understand whether and how seasonal climate variability may be affecting hibernator fitness, we estimated survival from historical (1964-1968) and contemporary (2014-2017) mark-recapture data collected from the same population of Uinta ground squirrels (UGS, Urocitellus armatus), a hibernator endemic to the western United States. Despite a locally warming climate, the phenology of UGS did not change over time, yet season-specific climatic variables were important in regulating survival rates. Specifically, older age classes experienced lower survival when winters or the following spring were warm, while juveniles benefited from warmer winter temperatures. Although metabolic costs decrease with decreasing temperature in the hibernacula, arousal costs increase with decreasing temperature. Our results suggest that this trade-off is experienced differently by immature and mature individuals. We also observed an increase in population density during that time period, suggesting resources are less limited today than they used to be. Cheatgrass is now dominating the study site and may provide a better food source to UGS than native plants did historically.
Data from: Effects of temperature and drought on early life stages in three species of butterflies: mortality of early life stages as a key determinant of vulnerability to climate change?
Anthropogenic climate change poses substantial challenges to biodiversity conservation. Well-documented responses include phenological and range shifts, and declines in cold but increases in warm-adapted species. Thus, some species will suffer while others will benefit from ongoing change, although the biological features determining the prospects of a given species under climate change are largely unknown. By comparing three related butterfly species of different vulnerability to climate change, we show that stress tolerance during early development may be of key importance. The arguably most vulnerable species showed the strongest decline in egg hatching success under heat and desiccation stress, and similar pattern also for hatchling mortality. Research, especially on insects, is often focussed on the adult stage only. Thus, collating more data on stress tolerance in different life stages will be of crucial importance for enhancing our abilities to predict the fate of particular species and populations under ongoing climate change.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.