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5,794 results for “exposures”
Air mass exposure to chlorophyll a (AEC) over the eastern China seas during 2009 to 2020
<p>This dataset contains (1) air mass exposure to chlorophyll <em>a</em> (AEC) values, (2) air mass retention ratio over the land (<em>R<sub>L</sub></em>), (3) marine air mss retention ratio within the boundary layer (<em>R<sub>MBL</sub></em>), and (4) harmonic means of boundary layer height along the air mass trajectory (BLH_traj) over the eastern China seas spanning from 2009 to 2020. The domain (23−37° N, 117−130° E) includes the south Yellow Sea (YS), the East China Sea (ECS), and part of Northwest Pacific, which is divided into 145 grids with a spatial resolution of 1° × 1°. The time period is 1 January 2009 − 31 December 2020, and the time resolution is 6 hours. The tracking time of initial trajectory is 72 hours.</p> <p>The Matlab scripts for calculating the abovementioned indices are also given. The main code includes "AEC_Cal_Multi.m", "AirmasstoChla.m", and "BLH_traj_multi.m".</p>
Thallium(I) exposure perturbs the gut microbiota and metabolic profile as well as the regional immune function of C57BL/6 J mice
<p><span>Intestinal microbes</span><span> regulate the development of diseases induced by environmental exposure. Thallium (Tl) is a highly toxic heavy metal</span><span>, </span><span>and its toxicity is rarely discussed in relation to gut microbes. Herein, we showed that Tl(I) exposure (10 ppm for two weeks) affected the alpha diversity of bacteria in </span><span>the ileum, colon, and </span><span>feces, but had little effect on the beta diversity of bacteria through 16S rRNA sequencing. LEfSe analysis revealed that Tl(I) exposure changed the abundance of intestinal microbiota along the digestive tract. Cecum metabolomic detection and analysis showed that Tl(I) exposure altered the abundance and composition of metabolites. In addition, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that Tl(I) exposure impaired amino acid, lipid, purine metabolism, and G protein-coupled receptor signalling pathways. A consistency test revealed a strong correlation, and a Pearson's correlation analysis showed an extensive interaction, between microorganisms and metabolites. Analysis of the intestinal immunity revealed that Tl(I) exposure suppressed the immune responses, which also had regional differences. These results identify the perturbation of the intestinal microenvironment by Tl exposure and provide a new explanation for Tl toxicity.</span></p>
Population genomics of a predatory mammal reveals patterns of decline and impacts of exposure to toxic toads
<p>Mammal declines across northern Australia are one of the major biodiversity loss events occurring globally. There has been no regional assessment of the implications of these species declines for genomic diversity. To address this, we conducted a species-wide assessment of genomic diversity in the northern quoll (<em>Dasyurus hallucatus</em>), an Endangered marsupial carnivore. We used next-generation sequencing methods to genotype 10,191 SNPs in 352 individuals from across a 3220 km length of the continent, investigating patterns of population genomic structure and diversity, and identifying loci showing signals of putative selection. We found strong heterogeneity in the distribution of genomic diversity across the continent, characterised by (1) biogeographic barriers driving hierarchical population structure through long-term isolation, and (2) severe reductions in diversity resulting from population declines, exacerbated by the spread of introduced toxic cane toads (<em>Rhinella marina</em>). These results warn of a large ongoing loss of genomic diversity and associated adaptive capacity as mammals decline across northern Australia. Encouragingly, populations of the northern quoll established on toad-free islands by translocations appear to have maintained most of the initial genomic diversity after 16 years. By mapping patterns of genomic diversity within and among populations, and investigating these patterns in the context of population declines, we can provide conservation managers with data critical to informed decision-making. This includes the identification of populations that are candidates for genetic management, the importance of remnant island and insurance/translocated populations for the conservation of genetic diversity, and the characterisation of putative evolutionarily significant units.</p>
James et al. Short-term exposure to ciprofloxacin reduces proteoglycan loss in tendon explants DATASET
<p>Publicly available dataset for research article titled "<em>Short-term exposure to ciprofloxacin reduces proteoglycan loss in tendon explants</em>"</p>
Conservation implications of herbicides on seagrasses: sublethal glyphosate exposure decreases fitness in the endangered Zostera capensis
<p>Dataset containing morphological, biomass and chlorophyll responses of the seagrass, Zostera capensis, to sublethal glyphosate exposure over a 3 week exposure period.</p>
Interplay between Genetics, Epigenetics & Exposures- Proposed Algorithm for Pediatric Cancer Development
Interplay between Genetics, Epigenetics & Exposures- Proposed Algorithm for Pediatric Cancer Development
Parameters for the modelization of operator, worker, and bystander exposure to pesticides in market gardening areas in Burkina Faso using three international exposure assessment models.
<p>Parameters used for the modelization of operator, worker, and bystander exposure to pesticides in market gardening areas in Burkina Faso using the following exposure assessment models:</p> <p>EFSA 2014: EFSA, 2014. Guidance on the assessment of exposure of operators, workers, residents and bystanders in risk assessment for plant protection products. EFSA J. 12, 3874. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3874</p> <p>HAIR2010: Kruijne, R., Deneer, J.W., Lahr, J., Vlaming, J., 2011. HAIR2010 Documentation: calculating risk indicators related to agricultural use of pesticides within the EU 205.</p> <p>WHO 2011: WHO, 2011. Generic risk assessment model for indoor and outdoor space spraying - WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme 1–72.</p> <p><br> This work was realized in the framework of the research component "Pesticides" (1.2.4) of the 3E program funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC).</p> <p><br> Details on algorithm adaptations, scenario definitions and model outputs are available in the PhD thesis of Dr. Edouard Lehmann available from 2018 at https://infoscience.epfl.ch/</p>
Data from: Oral exposure to benzalkonium chlorides in male and female mice reveals sex-dependent alteration of the gut microbiome and bile acid profile
<p>Benzalkonium chlorides (BACs) are commonly used disinfectants in a variety of consumer and food-processing settings, and the COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased usage of BACs. The prevalence of BACs raises the concern that BAC exposure could disrupt the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus interfering with the beneficial functions of the microbes. We hypothesize that BAC exposure can alter the gut microbiome diversity and composition, which will disrupt bile acid homeostasis along the gut-liver axis. In this study, male and female mice were exposed orally to d<sub>7</sub>-C12- and d<sub>7</sub>-C16-BACs at 120 µg/g/day for one week. UPLC-MS/MS analysis of liver, blood, and fecal samples of BAC-treated mice demonstrated the absorption and metabolism of BACs. Both parent BACs and their metabolites were detected in all exposed samples. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing was carried out on the bacterial DNA isolated from the cecum intestinal content. For female mice, and to a lesser extent in males, we found that treatment with either d<sub>7</sub>-C12- or d<sub>7</sub>-C16-BAC led to decreased alpha diversity and differential composition of gut bacteria with notably decreased actinobacteria phylum. Lastly, through a targeted bile acid quantitation analysis, we observed decreases in secondary bile acids in BAC-treated mice, which was more pronounced in the female mice. This finding is supported by decreases in bacteria known to metabolize primary bile acids into secondary bile acids, such as the families of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae. Together, these data signify the potential impact of BACs on human health through disturbance of the gut microbiome and gut-liver interactions.</p>
Supplementary Material for "Exposure Assessment & Risks associated to wearing silver nanoparticle-coated textiles"
<p>Calculation of release rate constants and parameters for the calculations of dermal exposure. Source code for Matlab.</p>
Mechanisms of enhanced cardiorespiratory performance under hyperoxia differ with exposure duration in yellowtail kingfish
<p>Hyperoxia has been shown to expand the aerobic capacity of some fishes, although there have been very few studies examining the underlying mechanisms and how they vary across different exposure durations. Here, we investigated cardiorespiratory function of yellowtail kingfish (<em>Seriola lalandi</em>) acutely (~20 hours) and chronically (3-5 weeks) acclimated to hyperoxia (~200 % air saturation). Our results show that aerobic performance of kingfish is limited in normoxia and increases with environmental hyperoxia. Aerobic scope was elevated in both hyperoxia treatments driven by a ~33% increase in maximum O<sub>2</sub> uptake (MO<sub>2max</sub>), although the mechanisms differed across treatments. Fish acutely transferred to hyperoxia primarily elevated tissue O<sub>2</sub> extraction, while increased stroke volume-mediated maximum cardiac output was the main driving factor in chronically acclimated fish. Still an improved O<sub>2</sub> delivery to the heart in chronic hyperoxia was not the only explanatory factor as such. Here, maximum cardiac output only increased in chronic hyperoxia compared to normoxia when plastic ventricular growth occurred, as increased stroke volume was partly enabled by an ~8-12% larger relative ventricular mass. Our findings suggest that hyperoxia may be used long-term to boost cardiorespiratory function potentially rendering fish more resilient to metabolically challenging events and stages in their life-cycle.</p>
Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of human pancreatic islets reveals genes responsive to glucose exposure over 24 hours
<p><strong>Aims/hypothesis</strong>: Disruption of pancreatic islet function and glucose homeostasis can lead to the development of sustained hyperglycemia, beta cell glucotoxicity, and subsequently type 2 diabetes. In this study, we explored the effects of <em>in vitro</em> hyperglycemic conditions on human pancreatic islet gene expression across 24 hours in six pancreatic cell types: alpha, beta, gamma, delta, ductal, and acinar cells. We hypothesized that genes associated with hyperglycemic conditions may be relevant to the onset and progression of diabetes.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We exposed human pancreatic islets from two donors to low (2.8 mmol/l) and high (15.0 mmol/l) glucose concentrations over 24 hours <em>in vitro</em>. To assess the transcriptome, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) at seven time points. We modeled time as both a discrete and continuous variable to determine momentary and longitudinal changes in transcription associated with islet time in culture or glucose exposure. Additionally, we integrated genomic features and genetic summary statistics to nominate candidate effector genes. For three of these genes, we functionally characterized the effect on insulin production and secretion using CRISPR interference to knockdown gene expression in EndoC-βH1 cells, followed by a glucose-stimulated insulin secretion assay.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Across all cell types, we identified 1,447 genes associated with time, 680 genes associated with glucose exposure, and 418 genes associated with interaction effects between time and glucose. By integrating these expression profiles with summary statistics from genetic association studies, we identified 2,449 candidate effector genes for type 2 diabetes, HbA1c, random blood glucose, and fasting blood glucose. Of these candidate effector genes, we showed that three—<em>ERO1B</em>, <em>HNRNPA2B1</em>, and <em>RHOBTB3</em>—exhibited an effect on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and production in EndoC-βH1 cells.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions/interpretation</strong>: The findings of our study provide an in-depth characterization of the 24-hour transcriptomic response of human pancreatic islets to glucose exposure at a single-cell resolution. By integrating differentially expressed genes with genetic signals for type 2 diabetes and glucose-related traits, we provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying glucose homeostasis. Finally, we provide functional evidence to support the role of three candidate effector genes in insulin secretion and production.</p>
Heavy metal pollution exposure affects egg coloration but not male provisioning effort in the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca
<p>Heavy metal pollution is known to negatively affect numerous traits in birds, including foraging, metabolism, immunity, and reproductive success. In this study, our primary aim was to assess the impact of metal pollution exposure on the visual appearance of the pied flycatcher (<em>Ficedula hypoleuca</em>) eggs. Specifically, we focused on blue-green biliverdin-based coloration, a trait expected to function as a signal of female quality to males. In line with the sexually selected egg coloration (SSEC) hypothesis, which posits that males respond to more intensely colored eggs by increasing their provisioning effort, our second objective was to investigate whether metal pollution exposure affects this specific signaling mechanism and subsequent male behavior. Our results showed that although coloration did not correlate with female quality or male provisioning effort, egg blue-green coloration decreased in polluted areas compared to non-polluted control areas. Our analysis of reflectance data revealed that this difference was due to an increased ultraviolet reflectance of eggs from polluted areas, likely caused by changes in eggshell microstructure (e.g. porosity). We therefore propose that metal pollution exposure may compromise crucial color signals of bird eggs. Avian visual modeling indicated that eggs laid by different flycatcher females are generally very similar, making discrimination by males challenging and perhaps impossible especially in dark cavities. Overall, our results suggest that the SSEC hypothesis may lack adaptive relevance for the pied flycatcher in Northern Europe, even in environments influenced by anthropogenic activities.</p>
Data from: Influence of agricultural intensification on pollinator pesticide exposure, food acquisition and diversity
<p>Pollinators are essential for maintaining sustainable crop production, while the decline of pollinators is a widespread concern. Agricultural intensification is one of the primary drivers of the decline of insect pollinators. Agricultural intensification usually involves a decreasing of non-crop semi-natural habitat and an increasing of pesticide exposure for pollinators. However, causal links between agricultural intensification, increased pesticide exposure, and reduced pollinator's food sources and pollinator diversity remain underexplored.</p> <p>We assessed pollinator diversity across a landscape gradient where the proportion of rice ranged from 11% to 85% in South China. We placed honeybee (<em>Apis mellifera</em>) and mason bee (<em>Osmia excavata</em>) in these landscapes and investigated pesticide exposure in honeybee foragers and pollen, and in mason bee pollen and nesting materials. We also assessed the acquisition of food by mason bees.</p> <p>We found a higher frequency of pesticide detection in honeybee foragers and honeybee pollen samples in areas with a higher proportion of rice fields. There was a strong positive relationship between mason bee food acquisition and the proportion of semi-natural habitats, while no significant effects of pesticide exposure on pollinator diversity were found in addition to the effect of semi-natural habitat.</p> <p><em>Synthesis and applications</em>: Our results suggest that pollinator communities could be at an increased risk of pesticide exposure due to intensified agriculture, while the negative impact on pollinator diversity mainly results from the loss of habitat and/or reduced food sources. This study highlights the importance of conserving semi-natural habitat to mitigate the causes of decline in pollinator diversity. We also recommend long-term, multi-year studies to further understand the mechanisms behind the loss of pollinators in farming landscapes.</p>
Interactions between phenanthrene exposure and historical chemical stress: Implications for fitness and ecological resilience of the sentinel species Daphnia magna
<div> <p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) arise from incomplete combustion of oil, coal, and gasoline, with lipophilic properties facilitating their widespread distribution and persistence. Due to their biochemical attributes, PAHs can accumulate in animal tissues, potentially causing mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Since the industrial revolution, PAH concentrations in the environment have risen, with some areas showing levels from 0.159 to 33,090 µg/kg sediment. Despite acute toxicity studies showing adverse effects on freshwater organisms, the long-term impacts and synergistic interactions with other pollutants remain largely unexplored. </p> </div> <div> <p>This study investigates the impact of phenanthrene (PHE), a prominent PAH found in aquatic environments, on <em>Daphnia magna</em>, a species of significant ecological importance in freshwater ecosystems globally, being both a sentinel species for chemical pollution and a keystone organism in freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Leveraging the dormancy of <em>D. magna</em>, which spans decades or even centuries, we exposed strains with diverse histories of chemical contaminant exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of PHE. Initially, acute exposure experiments were conducted in accordance with OECD guidelines across 16 <em>Daphnia</em> strains, revealing substantial variation in acute toxic responses, with strains naïve to chemical pollutants showing the lowest toxicity. Utilizing the median effect concentration EC10 derived from acute exposures, we assessed the impacts of chronic PHE exposure on the life history traits and ecological endpoints of the 16 strains. To elucidate how historical exposure to other environmental stressors may modulate the toxicity of PHE, temporal populations of <em>D. magna</em> resurrected from a lake with a well-documented century-spanning history of environmental impact were utilized. Our findings demonstrate that PHE exposure induces developmental failure, delays sexual maturation, and reduces adult size in <em>Daphnia</em>. Populations of <em>Daphnia</em> historically exposed to chemical stress exhibited significantly greater fitness impacts compared to naïve populations. This study provides crucial insights into the augmented effects of PAHs interacting with other environmental stressors. </p> </div>
Exposure to humans and task difficulty levels affect wild raccoons (Procyon lotor) learning
<p>Cognition helps wildlife exploit novel resources and environments. Raccoons (<em>Procyon lotor</em>) have successfully adapted to human presence in part due to their cognitive abilities. However, close interactions between humans and wildlife can create conflicts. A better understanding of the raccoon's behavioral flexibility and learning ability could improve the mitigation of those conflicts. Learning can be evaluated over multiple exposures to a cognitive task. Our objective is to evaluate wild raccoons learning in contexts varying in terms of exposure to humans (recreational and preservation zoning within protected areas) and task difficulty. We used two food extraction tasks to measure how problem-solving performance varied between trials based on success probability and time to solve the puzzles.</p>
Data from: Microplastic exposure is associated with epigenomic effects in the model organism Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow)
<p>Microplastics have evolutionary and ecological impacts across species, affecting organisms' development, reproduction, and behavior along with contributing to genotoxicity and stress. As plastic pollution is increasing and ubiquitous, gaining a better understanding of organismal responses to microplastics is necessary. Gene methylation is a heritable form of molecular regulation that is influenced by environmental conditions, including exposure to pollutants, therefore determining epigenetic responses to microplastics will reveal potential chronic consequences of this pollutant. We performed an experiment across two generations of fathead minnows (<em>Pimephales promelas</em>) to elucidate transgenerational effects of microplastic exposure. We exposed the first generation of fish to four different treatments of microplastics: two concentrations of each of pre-consumer polyethylene (PE) and PE collected from Lake Ontario. We then raised the second generation from these parents with no microplastic exposure. We used reduced-representation methylation sequencing on adult liver tissue and homogenized larvae to evaluate DNA methylation differences among treatments, sexes, and generations. Our findings show the origin of the plastic had a larger effect in female minnows whereas the effect of concentration was stronger in the males. We also observed transgenerational effects, highlighting a mechanism in which parents can pass on the effects of microplastic exposure to their offspring. Many of the differentially methylated genes found in our analyses are known to interact with estrogenic chemicals associated with plastic and are related to metabolism. This study highlights the persistent and potentially serious impacts of microplastic pollution on gene regulation in freshwater systems.</p>
Exposure to teflubenzuron reduces drought tolerance of collembolans
<p>This is the raw data from an experiment investigating the effects of sequential exposure to a pesticide (teflubenzuron) and three abiotic stressors (heat, cold, and drought) on soil arthropods. We exposed adult collembolans (<em>Folsomia candida</em>) to teflubenzuron through food for two weeks. Then survivors were immediately divided into three groups for acute heat, cold, and drought exposure. After acute exposure to these natural stressors, the collembolans were moved to optimal conditions for a one-week recovery period during which their survival, time to regain reproduction, and egg production were examined.</p>
Filtration rate of Calanus finmarhicus at medio (day five) tefluenzuron exposure period.
<p>Data registrations of filtration rate from Calanus finmarchicus were measured as particles/ml water sample from exposure study with teflubenzuron sampled on day five. </p>
Data from: Transcriptional profiling of lung macrophages following ozone exposure in mice identifies signaling pathways regulating immunometabolic activation
<p>Macrophages play a key role in ozone-induced lung injury by regulating both the initiation and resolution of inflammation. These distinct activities are mediated by pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory/pro-resolution macrophages which sequentially accumulate in injured tissues. Macrophage activation is dependent, in part, on intracellular metabolism. Herein, we used RNA-sequencing (seq) to identify signaling pathways regulating macrophage immunometabolic activity following exposure of mice to ozone (0.8 ppm, 3 hr) or air control. Analysis of lung macrophages using an Agilent Seahorse showed that inhalation of ozone increased macrophage glycolytic activity and oxidative phosphorylation at 24 and 72 hr post exposure. An increase in the percentage of macrophages in the S phase of the cell cycle was observed 24 hr post ozone. RNA-seq revealed significant enrichment of pathways involved in innate immune signaling and cytokine production among differentially expressed genes at both 24 and 72 hr after ozone, while pathways involved in cell cycle regulation were upregulated at 24 hr and intracellular metabolism at 72 hr. An interaction network analysis identified tumor suppressor 53 (TP53), E2F family of transcription factors (E2Fs), Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1A (CDKN1a/p21), and Cyclin D1 (CCND1) as upstream regulators of cell cycle pathways at 24 hr and TP53, nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group a member 1 (NR4A1/Nur77), and estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1/ERα) as central upstream regulators of mitochondrial respiration pathways at 72 hr. These results highlight the complex interaction between cell cycle, intracellular metabolism, and macrophage activation which may be important in the initiation and resolution of inflammation following ozone exposure.</p>
Supplementary Data: Human settlement pressure drives slow-moving landslide exposure
<p>These datasets (.Rmd, .Rroj., .rds) are ready to use within the R software for statistical programming with the R Studio Graphical User Interface (https://posit.co/download/rstudio-desktop/). Please copy the folder structure into one single directory and follow the instructions given in the .Rmd file. Files and folders are described in the README.md file</p> <p>0_ferrer_etal_2024.Rproj</p> <p>README.md</p> <p>1_R_Notebook:</p> <ul> <li>SlowMovingLandslide_Exposure.rmd</li> <li>Ferrer2024_FloodExposureAnalysis.Rmd</li> </ul> <p>2_data:</p> <ul> <li>1_input: <ul> <li>sm_database_2023_01_17.csv</li> <li>sm_database_references.pdf</li> <li>gmba_v2</li> <li>ipcc_regions</li> <li>natrual_earth</li> </ul> </li> <li>2_processed: <ul> <li>model_data_2023_01_17.csv</li> <li>summary_database.csv</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>3_results:</p> <ul> <li>1_model <ul> <li>2023_12_31.model.rds</li> </ul> </li> <li>2_figures: <ul> <li>main_figure_elements</li> </ul> </li> <li>3_ext_figures</li> </ul> <p>4_manuscript_figures:</p> <ul> <li>1_main figures</li> <li>2_extended_figures</li> </ul> <p><br>5_floding_analysis:</p> <ul> <li>flood_comp_mod.csv</li> <li>flood_comp_model.rds</li> </ul>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.