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3,905 results for “eye”
Developmental changes in red-eyed treefrog embryo behavior increase escape-hatching success in wasp attacks
<p>The arboreal embryos of red-eyed treefrogs (<em>Agalychnis</em> <em>callidryas</em>) hatch prematurely to escape from egg-predators, and escape success increases with age. We assessed developmental changes in the behavior and hatching performance of embryos attacked by wasps (<em>Polybia</em> <em>rejecta</em>) and their contributions to improved embryo survival. We recorded videos of 4- and 5-day-old embryos exposed to wasp attacks and determined each embryo's fate. For a stratified random sample of embryos that escaped and died, we determined the occurrence, sequence, and timing of events during wasp-embryo interactions. We constructed path diagrams of event sequences, tested for age effects on transition probabilities, and measured durations of periods between key events. Overall escape success was 38% higher in older embryos. They were more likely to hatch pre-emptively than younger ones, thus less likely to experience direct attacks, suggesting that developmental gains in mechanosensory sensitivity may increase hatching responses to indirect cues. During direct attacks, embryos were equally likely to be captured by wasps at both ages and hatching speed was similar, suggesting no relevant difference in escape-hatching performance. After a wasp ruptured their egg capsule, older embryos were more likely to exit and did so much sooner; younger embryos remained in ruptured capsules for longer and were more likely to be attacked again. This developmental change in embryo behavior indicates decreased tolerance for egg-stage risk as the chance of tadpole survival increases, suggesting that ontogenetic adaptation to changing risk trade-offs contributes strongly to the developmental increase in escape success.<span></span></p>
Data for: Variation in eye lenses of two new Late Devonian phacopid trilobites from western Junggar, NW China
<p>The Suborder Phacopina, characterized by schizochroal eyes, is among the most common groups of trilobites in Devonian strata. The marine sediments of the Famennian in western Junggar, Xinjiang, contain abundant low-disparity phacopids, which have previously been designated to <em>Omegops</em> <em>accipitrinus</em> <em>mobilis</em>, <em>Phacops</em> <em>circumspectans</em> <em>tuberculosus</em>, and <em>Omegops</em> <em>cornelius</em>, based on small numbers of poorly preserved specimens. In this study, these phacopids were identified as two new species of <em>Omegops</em>, <em>O</em>. <em>honggulelengensis</em> sp. nov. and <em>O</em>. <em>xiangi</em> sp. nov., based on nearly 200 well-preserved specimens. The intraspecific variations of eye-lenses of these specimens were quantitatively analyzed. Based on differences in the total number, number of dorso-ventral files, and arrangement of the eye lenses, the absence of lenses in the middle part of the visual surface, and asymmetry of the number and/or arrangement of lenses in the two eyes, it was concluded that the reasons for intraspecific variation in eye lenses of Late Devonian <em>Omegops</em> from western Junggar were different from previously described factors, but were likely genetic or embryological malfunctions, or abnormalities caused by pathological conditions. Diversity of lenses in the schizochroal eyes shows that the number and arrangement of eye lenses were not stable in Phacopina. Therefore, many specimens are needed for quantitative study to determine the true characteristics of the number or arrangement of eye lenses when these features are used in the systematic taxonomy of Phacopina.</p>
Data for: The relationships of breeding stage to daytime singing behaviour and song perch height in Bermuda White-eyed Vireos (Vireo griseus bermudianus)
<p><span>Bird song is crucial for attracting mates and defending territories, but different types of song or different singing behaviours may be involved in acquiring or maintaining each resource. Furthermore, male songbirds may adjust when and where they sing throughout the breeding season, depending on their breeding stage. However, such relationships remain untested in several avian taxa. Here, we studied male Bermuda White-eyed Vireos (<em>Vireo griseus bermudianus</em>), a passerine with two distinct song types (discrete and rambling), to test the mate attraction and territory defence hypotheses. We compare song production and song perch height among different stages of the breeding season and during the non-breeding season. We show that male vireos produce both song types during the breeding and non-breeding seasons, suggesting dual roles in mate choice and territorial defence. Song production did not differ significantly between the breeding and non-breeding seasons, but, within the breeding season, males without nesting duties sang significantly more songs than males with nesting duties. Song perch height was higher during the breeding season versus non-breeding season, among males without nesting duties compared to males with nesting duties, and when males produced discrete versus rambling songs. Our findings suggest that male vireos increase their conspicuousness to prospecting females by increasing song production and song perch height, and that they sing during the breeding and non-breeding seasons to defend year-round territories. Collectively, our study supports the mate attraction and territory defence hypotheses of bird song.</span></p>
Physiological significance of the heterogeneous distribution of zeaxanthin and lutein in the retina of the human eye
<p>cross-sections of the human eye retina recorded with the FLIM technique and Raman microscopy</p>
Increased eye size is favoured in Trinidadian killifish experimentally transplanted into low light, high competition environments
<p>Intraspecific <span>variation in vertebrate eye size is well known. Ecological factors such as light availability are often correlated with shifts in relative eye size. However, experimental tests of selection on eye size are lacking. Trinidadian killifish (<em>Anablepsoides hartii</em>) are found in sites that differ in predation intensity. Sites that lack predators are characterized by lower light, high killifish densities, low resource availability, and intense competition for food. We previously found that killifish in sites that lack predators have evolved a larger relative eye size than fish from sites with predators. Here we used transplant experiments to test how selection operates on eye size when fish that are adapted to sites with predators are translocated into sites where predators are absent. We observed a significant 'population x relative eye size' interaction; the relationship between relative eye size and a proxy for fitness (rates of individual growth) was positive in the transplanted fish. The trend was opposite for resident fish. Such results provide experimental support that larger eyes enhance fitness and are favoured in environments characterized by low light and high competition.</span></p>
Breeding biology and nesting behaviour of the endemic subspecies of White-eyed Vireo (Vireo griseus bermudianus) on the Bermuda archipelago
<p><span>See full abstract by searching the title of this article on the Journal of Field Ornithology webpage, ResearchGate, or Google Scholar. </span></p>
Data for: Photosystems in the eye-like organelles of heterotrophic warnowiid dinoflagellates
<p><span>The function of the eye-like ocelloid in warnowiid dinoflagellates remains unknown because warnowiids are rare and uncultured, and scant molecular data exists for this group. While the ocelloid resembles the camera-type eyes found in animals, it is composed of organelles, with a highly modified plastid serving as the retinal body. By performing single-cell transcriptomics on cells isolated from the environment, we generate a comprehensive molecular dataset of warnowiids that includes all four known genera and one previously undescribed genus. We show that the heterotrophic members of this group have retained and express components of the ancestral photosynthetic mechanism, seemingly without photosystem II and RuBisCo. Our findings suggest that the ocelloid retinal body has repurposed the remaining photosystem to perform a function other than photosynthesis.</span></p>
Prediction of Individual Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) scores based on neural responses during live eye-to-eye contact
<p>Social difficulties are impactful in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and links between these difficulties and underlying neural processes are active research questions. We present a multivariate classification method for neural data acquired from 36 participants during a live eye-to-eye contact task. Participants were either typically developed (TD) or diagnosed as ASD through gold-standard Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) evaluation. We hypothesized multivariate classification could discriminate TD vs. ASD based on neural responses. Support vector machine (SVM) classification was able to discriminate between groups during the eye-contact interaction. In addition, it was found that underlying neural patterns contributing to binary classification also predicted measured ADOS scores with high correlation even though ADOS scores were not used for training. The correlation between observed and predicted ADOS scores was 0.72 (p < 0.002) for eye-to-eye contact. These findings suggest neural responses to live eye-to-eye contact are predictive of social symptomatology in ASD.</p>
v0.92 single cell Eye in a Disk (scEiaD) dataset for PLAE.nei.nih.gov
<p>Unified (integrated) pan study ocular single cell transcriptome</p>
Data for: Stable isotopes in eye lenses reveal migration and mixing patterns of diamond squid in the western North Pacific and its marginal seas
<p><span>Knowledge of the movements of marine organisms is essential for effective conservation schemes. Here, we investigated the lifetime habitat use of diamond squid, <em>Thysanoteuthis</em> <em>rhombus</em>, collected in the western North Pacific and its marginal seas (the Sea of Japan and the East China sea) during 2021–2022, whose migratory ecology is poorly known, using bulk stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios in eye lenses. From the eye lens isotope profiles, the chronology of the isotopic baseline of squid habitat was estimated by removing the effect of size-dependent changes of trophic position. Then, the baseline estimates were compared to the isoscapes of particulate organic matter. The baseline chronologies showed fluctuations during the paralarval and juvenile stages, becoming stable during the adult stage, suggesting that significant movements mainly occur during the early life stages due to current transport, with adults potentially not undertaking long-distance migrations. The squids in the marginal seas mostly originated from outside the subtropical gyre, while the squids in the subtropical gyre had various sources, including outside the gyre and southern and northern parts within the gyre, revealing a complex mixing pattern of the species. These results show that isotope chronology combined with baseline isoscapes are effective tools to understand animal migrations, which can help to manage various cephalopods and fishes.</span></p>
Machine Eye for Defects: Machine Learning-Based Solution to Identify and Characterize Topological Defects in Textured Images of Nematic Materials
<p><strong>Our paper has been published on Phys. Rev. Res. (doi: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.013259)</strong></p> <p><strong>Our preprint paper is also avilable at arXiv(https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.06406), here is the abstract of our paper:</strong></p> <p>Topological defects play a key role in the structures and dynamics of liquid crystals (LCs) and other ordered systems. There is a recent interest in studying defects in different biological systems with distinct textures. However, a robust method to directly recognize defects and extract their structural features from various traditional and nontraditional nematic systems remains challenging to date. Here we present a machine learning solution, termed Machine Eye for Defects (MED), for automated defect analysis in images with diverse nematic textures. MED seamlessly integrates state-of-the-art object detection networks, Segment Anything Model, and vision transformer algorithms with tailored computer vision techniques. We show that MED can accurately identify the positions, winding numbers, and orientations of ±1/2 defects across distinct cellular contours, sparse vector fields of nematic directors, actin filaments, microtubules, and simulation images of Gay–Berne particles. MED performs faster than conventional defect detection method and can achieve over 90% accuracy on recognizing ±1/2 defects and their orientations from vector fields and experimental tissue images. We further demonstrate that MED can identify defect types that are not included in the training data, such as giant-core defects and defects with higher winding number. Remarkably, MED can provide correct structural information about ±1 defects. As such, MED stands poised to transform studies of diverse ordered systems by providing automated, rapid, accurate, and insightful defect analysis.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Repository Organization</strong></p> <p><strong>Trained Models.zip</strong></p> <p>This directory is integral for model deployment and houses all relevant pre-trained models.</p> <ul> <li><strong>plus_vit_vecUV.pt</strong>: Pre-trained model for the Plus Transformer variant.</li> <li><strong>minus_vit_theR.pt</strong>: Pre-trained model for the Minus Transformer variant.</li> <li><strong>nanodet-plus-m_416-halfenhance</strong>: A sub-directory containing all files associated with the trained Nanodet-Plus model.</li> <li><strong>configs</strong>: Configuration files for training procedures.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Training Data.zip</strong></p> <p>This directory contains all datasets used for the training of Nanodet-Plus, Plus Transformer, and Minus Transformer models.</p> <p><strong>Code.zip</strong></p> <p>This directory features the implementation details and example use-cases showcased in Figure 2 and Figure 3c of our associated paper. The directory also includes code corresponding to the specific versions of Nanodet-Plus and SAM models cited in our study.</p> <ul> <li><strong>nanodet</strong>: Code in this folder is adapted from <a href="https://github.com/RangiLyu/nanodet">RangiLyu/nanodet</a> (https://github.com/RangiLyu/nanodet). We have included the exact version used for compatibility.</li> <li><strong>segment_anything</strong>: Code sourced from <a href="https://github.com/facebookresearch/segment-anything">Facebook Research's segment-anything</a> (https://github.com/facebookresearch/segment-anything). The specific version used is included for compatibility.</li> <li><strong>Fig2</strong>: Code for predicting topological defects in tissue cell images, citing the following reference: T. B. Saw et al., Nature 544, 212 (2017).</li> <li><strong>Fig3c</strong>: Code for predicting topological defects in microtubules images, citing the following reference: M. Golden et al., Sci. Adv. 9, eabq6120 (2023).</li> </ul> <p><strong>Initialization Steps</strong></p> <p>Before executing any code, please ensure the following:</p> <ul> <li>All files in the <strong>Trained Models</strong> directory must be available.</li> <li>Download the checkpoint <strong>sam_vit_l_0b3195.pth</strong> from <a href="https://github.com/facebookresearch/segment-anything">Facebook Research's segment-anything</a>. (https://github.com/facebookresearch/segment-anything)</li> </ul> <p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/RangiLyu/nanodet">RangiLyu/nanodet</a> (https://github.com/RangiLyu/nanodet)</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/facebookresearch/segment-anything">Facebook Research's segment-anything</a> (https://github.com/facebookresearch/segment-anything)</li> </ul> <p>For further inquiries or issue reporting, you may contact us via email.</p> <p><strong>Contact Information</strong>: <a href="mailto:hrenae@connect.ust.hk">hrenae@connect.ust.hk</a></p>
The Association of Dry Eye Disease with Functional Visual Acuity and Quality of Life
<p>Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a common chronic condition with increasing prevalence. Standard discriminative visual acuity is not reflective of real-world visual function as patients can achieve normal acuities by blinking. Methods: Participants recruited from a tertiary referral eye center were divided into 2 groups – severe DED (with significant, central staining) and comparison group with mild DED (absence of such staining). FVA in both groups were assessed using DryeyeKT mobile application and Impact of Vision Impairment (IVI) questionnaire to assess quality of life (QOL). Results: Among 78 participants (74.4% women), 30 (38.5%) had severe DED and 48 (61.5%) milder DED. In women, severe DED produced significantly worse FVA of 0.53 ± 0.20 vs. 0.73 ± 0.30 in comparison group (p = 0.0064). FVA decreased with increasing age, significant inverse correlation (r = -0.55). A poorer FVA =<0.6 was seen in older patients (68.2 years ± 7.68) vs. FVA > 0.6 in younger patients (58.9 years ± 10.7), p <0.05. When<strong> </strong>adjusting for age, FVA was still 0.107 lower in the severe DED group, p < 0.05. There was significant difficulty in performing specific daily activities in the severe DED group, after adjusting for age, gender and FVA. Conclusions: FVA is reduced in severe DED and older people. Severe DED significantly impacts certain QOL. However, no significant relationship was found between FVA and QOL. FVA is not the only reason for the compromise of health-related QOL in severe dry eye.</p>
Needle's Eye folly, ornamental urn
The ornamental urn on top of a 45ft high sandstone pyramid with a Gothic ogee arch straddling a former access road from Wentworth Woodhouse (South Yorkshire, UK) northwards towards Pontefract and York racecourses. It was built in the mid-18th Century, allegedly to win a bet after the 1st Marquis claimed he could drive a coach and horses through the eye of a needle! https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1314588 The model was created from 185 aerial photographs. Thanks to The Fitzwilliam Wentworth Estate for granting permission to fly on their property. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Optical Illusion - Following Eyes
Rotate the model (but not too much) and the dinosaur's eyes will follow. 3D scan made from still frames from this video by [brusspup](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeQEKFH31vvD-InkTGSvCrA) : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A4QcyW-qTUg Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Acupuncture for Dry Eye Syndrome
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00969280. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Multi-Center, Randomized, Double Masked, Parallel-Group, Vehicle-Controlled, Clinical Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Reproxalap Ophthalmic Solution in Subjects With Dry Eye Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03404115. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Study of Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose for Post Cataract Surgery Dry Eye Symptoms
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02028754. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Impact of Experience on Results With the Third Eye Retroscope
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00969124. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Multi-Center Trial To Evaluate The Safety And Efficacy Of Pegaptanib Sodium(Macugen) Injected Into The Eye Every 6 Weeks For Up To 2 Years For Macular Swelling Associated With Diabetes, With An Open
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00605280. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 18. Publications: 1.
TearCare System to Treat Dry Eye Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03857919. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.