Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

Example stacked images and best-fit dust SEDs.

Example stacked images, shown in bins of stellar mass and redshift, for the Herschel SPIRE 500 μm band. Stacked far-IR photometry for the whole sample of galaxies (SEDs_all) and for the star-forming only (SEDs_SF). The best-fit dust emission curves, adopted from Casey (2012), are shown in solid green with 1σ standard deviation in grey.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

An analysis of peak fitting in reference material spectra for calibration of Raman spectroscopy instruments (Dataset)

tbd NeXus format

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

JWST spectra and best-fit SED models of massive quiescent galaxies from the Blue Jay survey.

<ul> <li>The JWST/NIRSpec spectra are stored as FITS tables which include wavelength (in angstrom, in rest-frame), calibrated flux, uncertainty, and best-fit model (in 1e-19 erg/s/cm^2/AA).</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

Observed soil water retention and soil hydraulic conductivity data and fits to those data by RIAfitter and KRIAfitter

Weber soils SWRC.7z: zipped file with the Windows folders that hold all input and output data related to fitting the RIA parameterization (de Rooij, 2022, 2024a) to soil water retention data of 13 soils. Weber soils UHCC.7z: the zipped folder structure with fits of several models (de Rooij, 2024b, c) for the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity for the same 13 soils as the other file. The fitting code (KRIAfitter) used the fitted parameters of the other file plus soil hydraulic conductivity data to produce the fits. Both files contain Excel files that process the input and output of all fits. The soils are taken from Weber et al. (2019). The support of T.K.D. Weber in providing the data is gratefully acknowledged, N.B. The output format may differ somewhat from that reported in the User Manual of de Rooij (2024c) because the fits were used to improve details of the code and the way information is provided in the output files. These variations do not affect the parameter fitting process. References de Rooij, G. H.: Technical note: A sigmoidal soil water retention curve without asymptote that is robust when dry-range data are unreliable, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5849–5858, doi: 10.5194/hess-26-5849-2022, 2022. de Rooij, G.: Fitting the parameters of the RIA parameterization of the soil water retention curve (2.0), Zenodo [code], doi: 10.5281/zenodo.6491978, 2024a. de Rooij, G. H.: Averaging or adding domain conductivities to calculate the unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity, Vadose Zone J., e20329, doi: 10.1002/vzj2.20329, 2024b. de Rooij, G.: Fitting the junction model and other models for the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curve: KRIAfitter, Zenodo [code], doi: 10.5281/zenodo.14047942, 2024c. Weber, T. K. D., Durner, W., Streck, T., and Diamantopoulos, E.: A modular framework for modeling unsaturated soil hydraulic properties over the full moisture range, Water Resour. Res., 55, 4994-5011, doi: 10.1029/2018WR024584, 2019.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Differential host responses to parasitism shape divergent fitness costs of infection

Fitness costs of infection are fundamental to understanding the ecology and evolution of host-parasite interactions. However, these costs, and particularly their underlying mechanisms, are challenging to evaluate in wild populations. Here, we quantified total and species-specific costs of gastrointestinal worms on African buffalo, by combining the power of an anthelmintic treatment experiment that perturbed the entire worm community with a longitudinal study that tracked the two most dominant community members. Reducing all worms improved buffalo body condition, which was strongly associated with increases in survival and reproduction. Species-specific analyses revealed that condition-mediated fitness costs of infection differed between parasite species. Hosts that gained the blood-sucking worm Haemonchus, lost condition, and this loss may have been mediated by reductions in forage intake. Hosts that resisted Haemonchus by elevating IL-4 and eosinophil immune defences were able to reduce their parasite loads and gain back condition. Conversely, hosts that gained Cooperia, a less pathogenic worm, gained condition and had higher survival and reproductive success. Elevating immune defences had no effect on Cooperia abundance. Coupled with the positive relationship observed between Cooperia and host condition, our data suggest that hosts might benefit from tolerating Cooperia rather than incurring the costs of resistance. Overall, our study reveals that differential host responses to parasites play a key role in mediating the costs of infection.

opencc-zeroDec 2019View details →

Biotic and anthropogenic forces rival climatic/abiotic factors in determining global plant population growth and fitness

Multiple, simultaneous environmental changes, in climatic/abiotic factors, in interacting species, and in direct human influences, are impacting natural populations and thus biodiversity, ecosystem services, and evolutionary trajectories. Determining whether the magnitudes of the population impacts of abiotic, biotic, and anthropogenic drivers differ, accounting for their direct effects and effects mediated through other drivers, would allow us to better predict population fates and design mitigation strategies. We compiled 644 paired values of the population growth rate (lambda) from high and low levels of an identified driver from demographic studies of terrestrial plants. Among abiotic drivers, natural disturbance (not climate), and among biotic drivers, interactions with neighboring plants had the strongest effects on lambda. However, when drivers were combined into the three main types, their average effects on lambda did not differ. For the subset of studies that measured both the average and variability of the driver, lambda was more sensitive to one standard deviation of change in abiotic drivers relative to biotic drivers, but sensitivity to biotic drivers was still substantial. Similar impact magnitudes for abiotic/biotic/anthropogenic drivers holds for plants of different growth forms, for different latitudinal zones, and for biomes characterized by harsher or milder abiotic conditions, suggesting that all three drivers have equivalent impacts across a variety of contexts. Thus the best available information about the integrated effects of drivers on all demographic rates provides no justification for ignoring drivers of any of these three types when projecting ecological and evolutionary responses of populations and of biodiversity to environmental changes.

opencc-zeroApr 2020View details →

Data from: Simulating effects of fitness and dispersal on the use of Trojan sex chromosomes for invasive species management

<ol> <li>The use of Trojan Y Chromosomes (TYC) for controlling invasive species involves manipulating the sex chromosomes of captive-raised individuals. Once released, the offspring of these individuals consist of only one sex, thereby skewing the sex-ratio of the invasive population and potentially leading to eradication. Simulation models are needed that can inform managers on how to maximize the likelihood of species eradication, since implementation of this novel management approach in the field is still rare.</li> <li>Here, we present the first spatially explicit, mechanistic simulation model of a real-world TYC program for invasive species eradication. Using a brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) system model, we investigated the effects of competitive and reproductive fitness of the captive-raised YY males, dispersal behavior upon their release, and landscape heterogeneity on eradication success.</li> <li>Likelihood of eradication was dependent on both the competitive and reproductive fitness of the Trojan individuals. Competitive fitness (i.e., survival) had a higher threshold for eradication, below which populations failed to be eradicated.</li> <li>Movement ecology of both the wild and YY male populations was important for eradication. Under a restricted dispersal scenario for YY males following their release, the wild population was not extirpated but maintained a stable, yet reduced, population size. In terms of landscape configuration, time to eradication of local patches increased with greater connectivity within the stream network.</li> <li>In addition to sex ratio distortion, density-dependent mortality resulting from outplantings made an important contribution to eradication and therefore may also affect native competitors.</li> <li>While our results indicate that eradication is possible, maximizing its likelihood requires an understanding of the fitness and movement ecology of both the wild and YY male populations of the invasive species. Both our model and the principles derived from this study related to fitness and behavioral landscape ecology can be broadly applied to other invaded species and systems.</li> </ol>

opencc-zeroFeb 2020View details →

Pollen defenses negatively impact foraging and fitness in a generalist bee (Bombus impatiens: Apidae)

Plants may benefit from limiting the community of generalist floral visitors if the species that remain are more effective pollinators and less effective pollenivores. Plants can reduce access to pollen through altered floral cues or morphological structures, but can also reduce consumption through direct pollen defenses. We observed that Eucera (Peponapis) pruinosa, a specialist bee on Cucurbita plants, collected pure loads of pollen while generalist honey bees and bumble bees collected negligible amounts of cucurbit pollen, even though all groups of bees visited these flowers. Cucurbit flowers have no morphological adaptations to limit pollen collection by bees, thus we assessed their potential for physical, nutritional, and chemical pollen traits that might act as defenses to limit pollen loss to generalist pollinators. Bumble bee (Bombus impatiens) microcolonies experienced reduced pollen consumption, mortality, and reproduction as well as increased stress responses when exposed to nutritional and mechanical pollen defenses. These bees also experienced physiological effects of these defenses in the form of hindgut expansion and gut melanization. Chemical defenses alone increased the area of gut melanization in larger bees and induced possible compensatory feeding. Together, these results suggest that generalist bumble bees avoid collecting cucurbit pollen due to the physiological costs of physical and chemical pollen defenses.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Data from: The effects of competition on fitness depend on the sex of both competitors

In intraspecific competition, the sex of competing individuals is likely to be important in determining the consequences of competition, both for the immediate outcome of competitive interactions, and for long-term effects of competition during development on adult fitness traits. Previous studies have explored differences between males and females in their response to intraspecific competition. However, few have tested how the sex of the competitors, or any interactions between focal and competitor sex, influence the nature and intensity of competition. We set up larval seed beetles Callosobruchus maculatus to develop either alone or in the presence of a male or female competitor, and measured a suite of traits: development time, emergence weight; male ejaculate mass, copulation duration and lifespan; and female lifetime fecundity, offspring egg-adult survival and lifespan. We found effects of competition and competitor sex on the development time and emergence weight of both males and females, and also of an interaction between focal and competitor sex: females but not males responded differently to competitor sex. There was little effect of larval competition on male and female adult fitness traits, with the exception of the effect of a female competitor on a focal female's offspring survival rate. Our results highlight the importance of directly measuring the effects of competition on fitness traits, rather than distant proxies for fitness, and suggest that competition with the sex with the greater resource requirements (here females) might have a strong effect in driving trait evolution. We also found that male-male competition during development resulted in shorter copulation times than male-female competition, a result that remained when controlling for the weight of competitors. Although it is difficult to definitively tease apart the effects of social environment and access to resources, this result suggests that something about the sex of competitors other than their size is driving this pattern.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2021View details →

Fitness costs for fig wasps that fail to pollinate their host Ficus perforata

Dataset for the publication "Fitness costs for fig wasps that fail to pollinate their host Ficus perforata", Symbiosis (2021) 84:171-178; https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-021-00781-5.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2020View details →

Body-fit and Body-rgb (NOMO-3d-4K-scans)

For details, see Silhouette Body Measurement Benchmarks (ICPR2020). Cite this article <blockquote> S. Yan, J. Wirta and J. -K. Kämäräinen, "Silhouette Body Measurement Benchmarks," 2020 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), 2021, pp. 7804-7809, doi: 10.1109/ICPR48806.2021.9412708. </blockquote> or  <blockquote> <pre>@INPROCEEDINGS{yansilh, author={Yan, Song and Wirta, Johan and Kämäräinen, Joni-Kristian}, booktitle={2020 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)}, title={Silhouette Body Measurement Benchmarks}, year={2021}, volume={}, number={}, pages={7804-7809}, doi={10.1109/ICPR48806.2021.9412708}} </pre> </blockquote> We did not upload the real scan data here, because of the privacy protection for NOMO custormers, please contact the authors to access the dataset. BUT we uploaded the fits of the scans : <ol> <li>caesar6449v_nicp_fits.zip   : fits of the CAESAR mean body shape, 6449 vertices, using NICP, the same topology as "Building statistical shape spaces for 3d human modeling"</li> <li>smpl6890v_nicp_fits.zip      : fits of the SMPL template, 6890 vertices, using NICP</li> <li>smpl6890v_lbfgsb_fits.zip   : fits of the SMPL template, 6890 vertices, using LBFGSB algorithm</li> <li>rendered_rgb.zip                   : rendered RGB images with SMPL fits, using SURREAL algorithm, with random RGB background images, random noisy background images, and silhouettes.</li> <li>smpl_lbfgsb_params.zip     : parameters of SMPL LBFGSB fits, can be used for initial meshes for NICP</li> <li>bodymeasurement_mat.zip : body measurements from a tailor, the tailor did the measurement on the customer body, so there may be differences between scans and real body.</li> </ol> For body measurements, if needed, you can define the measurement paths by yourself. The scans are collected by NOMO Technologies (https://nomo3d.com/) Ltd, Finland. We scanned 1474 male and 2675 female 3D body scans (BODY-fit), and captured  a realistic RGB dataset (BODY-rgb) of 86 male and 108 female subjects and manually tape measured ground truth. This database is only used for scientific purpose. Companies need to contact NOMO Technologies for commercial purpose. ----------------------------------- The database can be freely donwloaded and used for scientific research purposes. You are not allowed redistribute or modify it. Proper citing of this resource is expected if the database is used in research or other reporting. The database is meant to be useful, but it is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, and without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Inclusion of this database or even parts of it in a proprietary program is not allowed without a written permission from the owners of the copyright. If you wish to obtain such a permission, you should contact:     Sizey Ltd     Company ID: 2642975-3     Company address: Metsänneidonkuja 6, 02130 Espoo Finland     Contact e-mail: sizey (at) sizey.ai OR: <ul> <li><a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=nmLU3wwAAAAJ&hl=en">Song Yan</a>, song.yan at tuni.fi</li> <li><a href="http://vision.cs.tut.fi/personal/JoniKamarainen/">Joni-Kristian Kämäräinen</a>, joni.kamarainen at tuni.fi</li> <li><a href="https://nomo3d.com">Johan Wirta</a>, johan.wirta at nomo3d.com</li> </ul>

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Evaluating the fitness consequences of plasticity in tolerance to pesticides

In a rapidly changing world, phenotypic plasticity may be a critical mechanism allowing populations to rapidly acclimate when faced with novel anthropogenic stressors. Theory predicts that if exposure to anthropogenic stress is heterogeneous, plasticity should be maintained as it allows organisms to avoid unnecessary expression of costly traits (i.e. phenotypic costs) when stressors are absent. Conversely, if exposure to stressors becomes constant, costs or limits of plasticity may lead to evolutionary trait canalization (i.e. genetic assimilation). While these concepts are well-established in theory, few studies have examined whether these factors explain patterns of plasticity in natural populations facing anthropogenic stress. Using wild populations of wood frogs that vary in plasticity in tolerance to pesticides, the goal of this study was to evaluate the environmental conditions under which plasticity is expected to be advantageous or detrimental. We found that when pesticides were absent, more plastic populations exhibited lower pesticide tolerance and were more fit than less plastic populations, likely avoiding the cost of expressing high tolerance when it was not necessary. Contrary to our predictions, when pesticides were present, more plastic populations were as fit as less plastic populations, showing no signs of costs or limits of plasticity. Amidst unprecedented global change, understanding the factors shaping the evolution of plasticity will become increasingly important.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Fitness consequences of biochemical adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster populations under simultaneous selection for faster pre-adult development and extended life-span

In holometabolous insect like Drosophila melanogaster, critical size is an important time point during larval life, for irreversible commitment to metamorphosis. Here, we studied the impact of restricted growth duration in terms of selection for faster pre-adult development in Drosophila melanogaster populations which resulted in the evolution of reduced critical size on adult life history traits. Selection for faster pre-adult development resulted in biochemical adaptation in larval physiology with no compromise in major biomolecules at critical size time point. The flies from the selected populations seem to not only commit to metamorphosis on the attainment of critical size but also seem to channelize resources to reproduction as indicated by similar life-time fecundity of CS and NS flies from selected populations, while the Control CS flies significantly lower life-time fecundity compared to Control NS flies. The flies from selected populations seem to achieve longevity comparable to control flies despite being significantly smaller in size- thus resource constrained due to faster pre-adult development.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

data for Newbury et al Short term fitness effects of bipartite interactions shape network structure of mutualistic and antagonistic communities

speciescountdata.csv contains colony couts and plasmid detection from the main experiment. evonet.csv conatins colony counts of bacteria with and without plasmid pkjk5 from commuities where donors were  o/ p  ancestral/evolved.  AOPV.csv contains optical density data for species a,o,p and v. column 1 is time in hours. Then columns alternate between a, o, p, s, v, a+,o+,p+,s+,v+,s+,v+ (where + denotes plasmid carriage) until column 49. After which the same patten continues, but these were grown with tetracycline. s did not grow at all in the 96-well plate this data was taken from. This is likely due to experimental error, so an additional well plate was used just for s (S.scv). S.csv contains optical density data for species s. column 1 is time in hours. then there are  6 colulmns of s and 6 columns of s+ until column 49. After this the same pattern continues but bacteria were grown with tetracycline.

Data for: Telomere dynamics in relation to experimentally increased locomotion costs and fitness in great tits

Evidence that telomere length (TL) and dynamics can be interpreted as proxy for 'life stress' experienced by individuals stems largely from correlational studies. We tested for effects of an experimental increase of workload on telomere dynamics by equipping male great tits (Parus major) with a 0.9 gram backpack for a full year. In addition, we analysed associations between natural life-history variation, TL and TL dynamics. Carrying 5% extra weight for a year did not significantly accelerate telomere attrition. This agrees with our earlier finding that this experiment did not affect survival or future reproduction. Apparently, great tit males were able to compensate behaviourally or physiologically for the increase in locomotion costs we imposed. We found no cross-sectional association between reproductive success and TL, but individuals with higher reproductive success (number of recruits) lost fewer telomere base pairs in the subsequent year. We used the TRF method to measure TL, which method yields a TL distribution for each sample, and the association between reproductive success and telomere loss was more pronounced in the higher percentiles of the telomere distribution, in agreement with the higher impact of ageing on longer telomeres within individuals. Individuals with longer telomeres and less telomere shortening were more likely to survive to the next breeding season, but these patterns did not reach statistical significance. Whether successful individuals are characterized by losing fewer or more base pairs from their telomeres varies between species, and we discuss aspects of ecology and social organisation that may explain this variation.

Spatial and temporal variation in phenotypes and fitness in response to developmental thermal environments

1) Phenotypic variation within populations is influenced by the environment via plasticity and natural selection. How phenotypes respond to the environment can vary among traits, populations, and life stages in ways that can influence fitness. 2) Plastic responses during early development are particularly important because they can affect components of fitness throughout an individual's life. Consequently, how natural selection shapes developmental plasticity could be influenced by fitness consequences across different life stages. Moreover, spatial variation in selection pressures could generate differences in plastic responses among populations. 3) To gain insight into sources of variation in phenotypes and survival, we used a laboratory egg incubation experiment using brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei) from mainland (ancestral) and island (descendent) populations, combined with a mark-release-recapture experiment in the field. Our study was designed to (i) quantify the effects developmental temperature on embryo development and offspring morphology, (ii) assess how developmental temperature influences offspring survival across different life stages, and (iii) quantify how thermal reaction norms vary among ancestral and descendant populations. 4) Developmental temperature influenced offspring morphology, but thermal reaction norms of embryos showed little variation among populations. Developmental temperature influenced offspring survival, but the patterns differed between embryo and hatchling stages; the optimal temperature for embryos was about 5ºC lower than that for hatchlings. High temperatures were thermally stressful to embryos, but they reduced incubation duration and led to early hatching. In turn, earlier hatching increased the probability of survival to adulthood. Moreover, the effect of temperature on hatchling survival was most pronounced for offspring that hatched late in the season. 5) The difference in optimal developmental temperatures between life stages may be driven by physiological tolerance for embryos and by ecological factors for hatchlings. Moreover, the fitness consequences of the developmental environment depend upon the phenology of hatching. Overall, these results highlight how the developmental environment can differentially effect fitness across life stages and show that temporal thermal heterogeneity can influence survival of embryos, but the consequences on post-hatching stages may vary at different times of the season.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2020View details →

Objective evaluation of Nintendo Wii Fit plus balance program training on postural stability in Multiple Sclerosis patients

The use of the Nintendo Wii system has become a common tool for balance rehabilitation in patients with multiple sclerosis, but few studies verified the effectiveness of such an approach using quantitative measures of postural control. We aimed to evaluate the impact of rehabilitation treatment using the Nintendo Wii Fit Plus balance program on objective stabilometric parameters in multiple sclerosis patients. We enrolled 36 multiple sclerosis patients, with mild-moderate disability, referring to the multiple sclerosis Centre of the University of Catania from September 2013 to June 2014. Twenty participants underwent 20 individual sessions of balance exercise using the Nintendo Wii Fit Plus. They were assessed at baseline (T0) and at the end of rehabilitation program (T1) by Neurocom Balance Manager. Functional independence measure, Barthel index, and Berg balance scale were also administered. At T1, we found a significant improvement in total path length-open eyes, sway area-open eyes, and mean sway velocity-open eyes. Patients showed significant improvement in functional independence measure motor score, Barthel index, and in Berg balance scale. No significant differences between T0 and T1 in closed eyes trials were found. A significant correlation between delta values between T0 and T1 of sway area-open eyes and the Berg balance scale (r = -0.76; P < 0.0001) was found. This study confirmed that balance rehabilitation training performed using the Nintendo Wii with balance board significantly reduced some postural sway parameters in multiple sclerosis patients. It could be a good support to standard rehabilitation program in multiple sclerosis patients.

Colony fitness increases in the honey bee at queen mating frequencies higher than genetic diversity asymptote

Abstract Across the eusocial Hymenoptera, a queen's mating frequency is positively associated with her workers' genetic diversity and colony's fitness. Over 90% of a colony's diversity potential is achieved by its mother's tenth effective mating (me); however, many females mate at levels of me > 10, a zone we here call hyperpolyandry. We compared honey bee colony fitness at mating levels near and above this genetic diversity asymptote. We were interested in how hyperpolyandry affects colony phenotypes arising from both common tasks (brood care) and rare specialized tasks (parasite resistance). We used an unselected wild line of bees and a Varroa Sensitive Hygiene (VSH) line selected to resist the parasite Varroa destructor. Virgin queens were instrumentally inseminated to replicate the following queen/colony conditions: (1) VSH semen/low polyandry (observed mating number = mo = 9), (2) VSH semen/high polyandry (mo = 54), (3) wild type semen/low polyandry, or (4) wild semen/high polyandry. There was a positive effect of polyandry on brood survival, an outcome of common tasks, with highest values at mo = 54. There was an interaction between polyandry and genetics such that differences between genetic lines expressed only at mo = 54, with fewer mites in VSH colonies. These results are consistent with two hypotheses for the evolution of mating levels in excess of the genetic diversity asymptote: hyperpolyandry improves colony fitness by (1) optimizing genotype compositions for common tasks and (2) by capturing rare specialist allele combinations, resisting cliff-edge ecological catastrophes. Significance statement Polyandry is a female's practice of mating with several males, storing their sperm, and using it to produce one or more clutches of genetically diverse offspring. In the social Hymenoptera, polyandry increases the genetic diversity and task efficiency of workers, leading to improved colony fitness. Over 90% of the increase in a colony's diversity potential is achieved by its mother's tenth mating; however, many females practice hyperpolyandry, a term we reserve here for mating levels above this genetic diversity asymptote. We show that a token of colony fitness arising from common tasks, brood survival, improves universally as one moves from sub- to hyperpolyandrous mating levels. However, a colony phenotype arising from a rare parasite resistance task is only expressed in the presence of the controlling alleles and under conditions of hyperpolyandry. These results suggest adaptive mechanisms by which hyperpolyandry could evolve.

Beneficial cumulative effects of old parental age on offspring fitness

Old parental age is commonly associated with negative effects on offspring life-history traits. Such parental senescence effects are predicted to have a cumulative detrimental effect over successive generations. However, old parents may benefit from producing higher quality offspring when these compete for seasonal resources. Thus, old parents may choose to increase investment in their offspring, thereby producing fewer but larger and more competitive progeny. We show that Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites increase parental investment with advancing age, resulting in fitter offspring who reach their reproductive peak earlier. Remarkably, these effects increased over six successive generations of breeding from old parents and were subsequently reversed following a single generation of breeding from a young parent. Our findings support the hypothesis that offspring of old parents receive more resources and convert them into increasingly faster life-histories. These results contradict the theory that old parents transfer a cumulative detrimental "ageing factor" to their offspring.