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4,215 results for “high risk”
Data from: Limited refugia and high velocity range-shifts predicted for bat communities in drought-risk areas of the Northern Hemisphere
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Shotgun MVP: Reducing risk in highly unpredictable ML products
<p>Machine learning products do not fit neatly into the agile methodology. There are different reasons for this, the primary one being the lack of certainty behind which directions will be successful (due to data quality and similar issues). Thus, what often happens in organizations is <em>pilotitis</em> - the disease of launching MVP after MVP without tangible progress and commitment.</p> <p>There is a method to address this issue while still alleviating the uncertainty behind planning MVPs - the Shotgun MVP. As a first step, several MVP initiatives are launched simultaneously (staffed to the bare minimum needed). Thus, all possible approaches are covered. This process continues for several sprints until a clear frontrunner becomes apparent - based on a "success" metric. There is flexibility in defining this metric, and possible examples include performance metrics (i.e., model accuracy) and solution complexity (such as the workforce needed to complete further development iterations). After this MVP (MVP II in our case) is selected, resources are committed fully to it for the following sprints while keeping the other options as backup plans or possible enhancements for downstream work.</p> <p>This simple procedure is not easy to perform and requires careful and restrained execution but can provide the shortest way to delivering a successful ML product.</p>
Data from: Low incidence of choroidal neovascularization following subthreshold diode micropulse laser (SDM) in high-risk AMD
Purpose: To determine the incidence of new choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in eyes with dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) following subthreshold diode micropulse laser (SDM). Method: In an observational retrospective cohort study, the records of all patients active in the electronic medical records database were reviewed to identify eyes with dry AMD treated with SDM. Identified eyes were classified by simplified AREDS categories, and analyzed for the primary endpoint of new CNV after treatment. Results: The EMR revealed SDM was offered to 373/392 (95%) patients with dry AMD and elected by 363/373 (97%) between 2008-2017. Follow up was available for 354/363 patients (547 eyes, 98%) (range 6-108 mos., avg. 22). CNV risk factors included age (median 84 years, 67% > 80); reticular pseudodrusen (214 eyes, 39%); AREDS category (78% category 3 and 4); and fellow eye CNV (128 eyes, 23%). New CNV developed in 9/547 eyes (1.6%, annualized rate 0.87%). Visual acuity was unchanged. There were no adverse treatment effects. Summary: In a review of a large group of eyes with exceptionally high-risk AMD, SDM was followed by a very low incidence of new CNV. If confirmed by further study, SDM would offer a new and highly effective treatment to reduce the risk of vision loss from AMD.
Supplementary Data for 'Machine learning detection of SARS-CoV-2 high-risk variants'
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Replication package for: "Economic Distress and Children's Mental Health: Evidence from the Brazilian High Risk Cohort Study for Mental Conditions"
<p>This package replicates the results of "Economic distress and children's mental health: evidence from the Brazilian High Risk Cohort Study for Mental Conditions" (and its respective online appendix) using mostly Stata. The package does not include the paper's main dataset, which is confidential.</p>
Dataset for "Activation of the mPFC-NAc pathway reduces motor impulsivity but does not affect risk-related decision-making in innately high-impulsive male rats"
<p><span>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders</span><span> (SUD) are characterized by exacerbated motor and risk-related impulsivities, which are associated with decreased cortical activity. In rodents, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) have been separately implicated in impulsive behaviors, but studies on the specific role of the mPFC-NAc pathway in these behaviors are limited. Here, we investigated whether heightened impulsive behaviors are associated with reduced mPFC activity in rodents, and determined the involvement of the mPFC-NAc pathway in motor and risk-related impulsivities. We used the Roman High- (RHA) and Low-Avoidance (RLA) rat lines, which display divergent phenotypes in impulsivity. To investigate alterations in cortical activity in relation to impulsivity, regional brain glucose metabolism was measured using positron emission tomography and [<sup>18</sup>F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ([<sup>18</sup>F]FDG). Using chemogenetics, the activity of the mPFC-NAc pathway was either selectively activated in high-impulsive RHA rats or inhibited in low-impulsive RLA rats, and the effects of these manipulations on motor and risk-related impulsivity were concurrently assessed using the rat gambling task. We showed that basal [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG uptake was lower in the mPFC and NAc of RHA compared to RLA rats. Activation of the mPFC-NAc pathway in RHA rats reduced motor impulsivity, without affecting risk-related decision-making. Conversely, inhibition of the mPFC-NAc pathway had no effect in RLA rats. Our results suggest that the mPFC-NAc pathway controls motor impulsivity, but has limited involvement in risk-related decision-making. Our findings suggest that reducing fronto-striatal activity may help attenuate motor impulsivity in patients with impulse control dysregulation like ADHD or SUD.</span></p>
"Early COVID-related Acute Kidney Injury Recovery May Course with Hydroelectrolytic Disorders in Patients With High Risk of Insensible Fluid Loss" dataset
<p>The dataset used and analyzed during the study "<strong>Early COVID-related Acute Kidney Injury Recovery May Course with Hydroelectrolytic Disorders in Patients With High Risk of Insensible Fluid Loss"</strong></p>
Data from: Defensible-space treatment of <114,000 ha 40 m from high-risk buildings near wildland vegetation could reduce loss in WUI wildfire disasters across Colorado's 27 million ha
<p><strong>Context </strong> </p> <p>WUI wildfire disasters are increasing, as fires are pushed by strong winds and drier fuels across landscapes and into communities. Possible disasters make maintaining and restoring landscape-scale fire in fire-adapted ecosystems difficult. Rapid action is needed to reduce building loss in WUI wildfire disasters. </p> <p><strong>Objectives </strong> </p> <p>In a Colorado case study, I used distance-based empirical modeling to refine potential risk of building loss in WUI wildfire disasters to focus risk-reduction efforts.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong> </p> <p>New empirical modeling showed 95% of USA building loss in WUI wildfire disasters was within 100 m of wildland vegetation. I used modeling to estimate and map potential relative risk of a WUI wildfire disaster for each of 2,185,953 buildings in Colorado.</p> <p><strong>Results </strong> </p> <p>High-risk buildings were 241,375 or 11% of total buildings. However, the 20-40 m essential defensible space around these buildings covered only 46,767- 114,084 ha. Area within 100 m of wildland vegetation, containing these buildings, covered 475,840 ha or 1.8% of Colorado's 27 million ha. About 95% of at-risk land within 100 m of wildland vegetation is not federally owned, and WUI wildfire disasters are mostly from fires started on private land.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong> </p> <p>Treating ≤114,084 ha of defensible space could leave the 27 million ha of Colorado with lower WUI wildfire disaster-risk to buildings. High risk of building loss is rarely a federal land-management problem. If the goal is rapid reduction of building loss in WUI wildfire disasters, focus resources on defensible space 20-40 m from WUI buildings within 100 m of wildland vegetation.</p>
Data from: Type 1 interferon-inducible gene expression in QuantiFERON Gold TB-positive uveitis: a tool to stratify a high versus low risk of active tuberculosis?
QuantiFERON-Gold TB (QFT)-positive patients with undetermined cause of uveitis are problematic in terms of whether to diagnose and treat them for tuberculosis (TB). Here, we investigated whether peripheral blood expression of type 1 interferon (IFN)-inducible genes may be of use to stratify QFT-positive patients with uveitis into groups of high versus low risk of having active TB-associated uveitis. We recruited all new uveitis patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia for one year. We included 12 patients with uveitis and clinically diagnosed active pulmonary TB, 58 QFT-positive patients with uveitis of unknown cause, 10 newly diagnosed sputum-positive active pulmonary TB patients without uveitis and 23 QFT-negative healthy controls. Expression of 35 type 1 IFN-inducible genes was measured in peripheral blood cells from active pulmonary TB patients without uveitis and healthy controls. Differentially expressed genes were identified and used for further clustering analyses of the uveitis groups. A type-1 IFN gene signature score was calculated and the optimal cut-off value for this score to differentiate active pulmonary TB from healthy controls was determined and applied to QFT-positive patients with uveitis of unknown cause. Ten type 1 IFN-inducible genes were differentially expressed between active pulmonary TB and healthy controls. Expression of these 10 genes in QFT-positive patients with uveitis of unknown cause revealed three groups: 1); patients resembling active pulmonary TB, 2); patients resembling healthy controls, and 3); patients displaying an in-between gene expression pattern. A type 1 IFN gene signature score ≥5.61 displayed high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (91%) for identification of active TB. Application of this score to QFT-positive patients with uveitis of unknown cause yielded two groups with expected different likelihood (high vs. low) of having active-TB uveitis, and therefore may be useful in clinical management decisions.
NanoString dataset for study: Dynamic changes in the NK-, Neutrophil-, and B-cell immunophenotypes relevant in high metastatic risk post neoadjuvant chemotherapy–resistant early breast cancers
<p>Pre-processed DSP and mRNA abundance datasets used in this study.</p>
Supplementary data- Detailed Geogenic Radon Potential Mapping Using Geospatial Analysis of Multiple Geo-variables. A Case Study from a High-Risk Area in SE Ireland.
<p>Supplementary Data: all the data produced and used, statistical analysis, mathematical proofs diagnostic tests, regression models and additional charts and tables</p> <p>Detailed Geogenic Radon Potential Mapping Using Geospatial Analysis of Multiple Geo-variables. A Case Study from a High-Risk Area in SE Ireland. </p>
Data from: To kill a kangaroo: understanding the decision to pursue high-risk/high-gain resources
In this paper, we attempt to understand hunter–gatherer foraging decisions about prey that vary in both the mean and variance of energy return using an expected utility framework. We show that for skewed distributions of energetic returns, the standard linear variance discounting (LVD) model for risk-sensitive foraging can produce quite misleading results. In addition to creating difficulties for the LVD model, the skewed distributions characteristic of hunting returns create challenges for estimating probability distribution functions required for expected utility. We present a solution using a two-component finite mixture model for foraging returns. We then use detailed foraging returns data based on focal follows of individual hunters in Western Australia hunting for high-risk/high-gain (hill kangaroo) and relatively low-risk/low-gain (sand monitor) prey. Using probability densities for the two resources estimated from the mixture models, combined with theoretically sensible utility curves characterized by diminishing marginal utility for the highest returns, we find that the expected utility of the sand monitors greatly exceeds that of kangaroos despite the fact that the mean energy return for kangaroos is nearly twice as large as that for sand monitors. We conclude that the decision to hunt hill kangaroos does not arise simply as part of an energetic utility-maximization strategy and that additional social, political or symbolic benefits must accrue to hunters of this highly variable prey.
Data from: Risk factors associated to a high Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex seroprevalence in wild boar (Sus scrofa) from a low bovine tuberculosis prevalence area
<p>Animal tuberculosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused principally by <i>Mycobacterium bovis,</i> a member of the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex </i>(MTC). In southern Iberian peninsula, wild reservoirs such as the wild boar, among other factors, have prevented the eradication of bovine tuberculosis. However, most of the studies have been focused on south-central Spain, where the prevalence of tuberculosis is high among wild ungulates and cattle herds. In northern regions, where wild boar density and bovine tuberculosis prevalence are lower, fewer studies have been carried out and the role of this species is still under debate. The aim of this study was to describe the temporal and spatial distribution of antibodies against MTC in wild boar from the Basque Country, northern Spain. Sera from 1902 animals were collected between 2010 and 2016. The seroprevalence was determined with an in house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the search of risk factors was assessed by Generalized Linear Models. Overall, 17% of wild boars (326/1902; 95%CI, [15.5%–18.9%]) showed antibodies against MTC. Risk factors associated with seropositivity were the year and location of sampling, the number of MTC positive cattle, the distance to positive farms and the percentage of shrub cover. Age was associated with increased antibody titres among seropositive individuals. The seroprevalence detected was higher than those previously reported in neighbouring regions. Hence, further studies are needed to better understand the role of wild boar in the epidemiology of tuberculosis in low tuberculosis prevalence areas and consequently, its relevance when developing control strategies.</p>
FIGURES 84–87 in Facial affect recognition in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
FIGURES 84–87. Mesoceration, aedeagi of holotypes. —84. M. brevigranum. —85. M. granulovestum. —86. M. truncatum. —87. M. umbrosum.
FIGURES 78–81 in Facial affect recognition in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
FIGURES 78–81. Mesoceration, aedeagi of holotypes. —78. M. concessum. —79. M. tabulare. —80. M. littlekarroo. —81. M. piceum.
FIGURES 71–74 in Facial affect recognition in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
FIGURES 71–74. Mesoceration, aedeagi of holotypes. —71. M. bispinum. —72. M. curvosum. —73. M. longipennis. —74. M. natalensis.
FIGURES 55–58 in Facial affect recognition in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
FIGURES 55–58. Mesoceration, aedeagi of holotypes. —55. M. barriotum. —56. M. incarinum. —57. M. semicarinulum. —58. M. compressum.
FIGURES 47–50 in Facial affect recognition in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
FIGURES 47–50. Mesoceration, aedeagi of holotypes. —47. M. periscopum. —48. M. splendorum. —49. M. maluti. —50. M. rapidensis.
FIGURES 32–35 in Facial affect recognition in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
FIGURES 32–35. Parasthetops, aedeagi of holotypes. —32. P. benefossus. —33. P. parallelus. —34. P. camurus. —35. P. reflexus.
FIGURES 63–66 in Facial affect recognition in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
FIGURES 63–66. Mesoceration, aedeagi of holotypes. —63. M. integer. —64. M. drakensbergensis. —65. M. concavum. —66. M. bicurvum.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.