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1,636 results for “marine species”
Data from: Form–function relationships in a marine foundation species depend on scale: a shoot to global perspective from a distributed ecological experiment
Form-function relationships in plants underlie their ecosystem roles in supporting higher trophic levels through primary production, detrital pathways, and habitat provision. For widespread, phenotypically-variable plants, productivity may differ not only across abiotic conditions, but also from distinct morphological or demographic traits. A single foundation species, eelgrass (Zostera marina), typically dominates north temperate seagrass meadows, which we studied across 14 sites spanning 32-61° N latitude and two ocean basins. Body size varied by nearly two orders of magnitude through this range, and was largest at mid-latitudes and in the Pacific Ocean. At the global scale, neither latitude, site-level environmental conditions, nor body size helped predict productivity (relative growth rate 1-2% d-1 at most sites), suggesting a remarkable capacity of Z. marina to achieve similar productivity in summer. Furthermore, among a suite of stressors applied within sites, only ambient leaf damage reduced productivity; grazer reduction and nutrient addition had no effect on eelgrass size or growth. Scale-dependence was evident in different allometric relationships within and across sites for productivity and for modules (leaf count) relative to size. Z. marina provides a range of ecosystem functions related to both body size (habitat provision, water flow) and growth rates (food, carbon dynamics). Our observed decoupling of body size and maximum production suggests that geographic variation in these ecosystem functions may be independent, with a future need to resolve how local adaptation or plasticity of body size might actually enable more consistent peak productivity across disparate environmental conditions.
Drivers of spatiotemporal variability in bycatch of a top marine predator: First evidence for the role of water turbidity in protected species bycatch
1. Bycatch of protected species in static net fisheries is a global conservation concern and is currently considered the dominant anthropogenic threat to many marine mammal species worldwide. Effective bycatch mitigation remains challenging, contingent on an understanding of the underlying mechanisms that cause individuals to become entangled. 2. We combined data collected by scientific observers and fishers to identify predictors of seal bycatch in static net fisheries along the west, southwest, and south coasts of Ireland. We first analysed the broad regional and seasonal trends in seal bycatch before identifying environmental variables that could potentially explain these patterns. 3. Based on negative binomial generalised linear mixed effects models, the rate of seal bycatch significantly varied with season and region, and decreased at greater distances to major seal colonies and lower water turbidity. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that distance to major seal colonies was a significant driver of the observed regional differences in seal bycatch rates, and water turbidity a major driver of seasonal trends. These findings will enable us to identify future bycatch risk and target mitigation measures accordingly. This is the first study to identify the effect of water turbidity on bycatch of a protected marine species. Increasing net visibility in turbid waters may provide a novel approach to mitigating against protected species bycatch in static net fisheries.05-Nov-2019
Data from: An exotic species alters patterns of marine community development
Predictions of ecological patterns can be strengthened through replication of foundational studies under different environmental conditions to evaluate the consistency in their underlying processes. In this study, we replicated Sutherland and Karlson's 1977 classic ecology study that tested terrestrial paradigms of community development in a marine fouling community. The abundance patterns of marine fouling species were quantified on sequentially submerged settlement plates to investigate the effects of disturbance date on short- and long-term patterns of community development, and the original study's datasets were re-analyzed for comparison. In both studies, community structure was initially shaped by disturbance date due to monthly and annual variation in larval recruitment; however, the influence of disturbance date diminished over time. Despite these similarities, the underlying drivers of long-term patterns of community development have shifted substantially since the 1970′s. During the present study, an exotic tunicate, Clavelina oblonga, dominated plates over time and its dominance was associated with significant declines in species diversity. In contrast, the 1970s long-term community was characterized by a heterogeneous mixture of species that varied inter-annually, yielding increased species diversity over time. Continued observations of our settlement plates (2 years total) indicated that C. oblonga remains the dominant species in this community, suggesting that these findings are not the result of a single, novel recruitment event. These results highlight how an exotic species can alter patterns of community development and biodiversity. Moreover, this study demonstrates the need to replicate foundational ecological studies to evaluate community dynamics and underlying processes in light of ongoing ecosystem change.
Parasitism in ecosystem engineer species: a key factor controlling marine ecosystem functioning
<p>1. Although parasites represent a substantial part of marine communities' biomass and diversity, their influence on ecosystem functioning, especially via the modification of host behaviour, remains largely unknown. Here, we explored the effects of the bopyrid ectoparasite Gyge branchialis on the engineering activities of the thalassinid crustacean Upogebia pusilla and the cascading effects on intertidal ecosystem processes (e.g. sediment bioturbation) and functions (e.g. nutrient regeneration).</p> <p>2. Laboratory experiments revealed that the overall activity level of parasitized mud shrimp is reduced by a factor 3.3 due to a decrease in time allocated to burrowing and ventilating activities (by a factor 1.9 and 2.9 respectively).</p> <p>3. Decrease in activity level led to strong reductions of bioturbation rates and biogeochemical fluxes at the sediment-water interface.</p> <p>4. Given the worldwide distribution of mud shrimp and their key role in biogeochemical processes, parasite-mediated alteration of their engineering behaviour has undoubtedly broad ecological impacts on marine coastal systems functioning.</p> <p>5. Our results illustrate further the need to consider host-parasite interactions (including trait-mediated indirect effects) when assessing the contribution of species to ecosystem properties, functions and services.</p>
Figure 1. from Extending Marine Species Distribution Maps Using Non-Traditional Sources - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4900 (17 April 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4900
Figure 1. - The IUCN Red List Review Process (IUCN 2014a). Steps refer to the DOCUMENTATION STANDARDS AND CONSISTENCY CHECKS FOR IUCN RED LIST ASSESSMENTS AND SPECIES ACCOUNTS (IUCN 2013).
Data from: Hybridization and adaptive introgression in a marine invasive species in native habitats
<p><span>Hybridization</span> <span>of distinct populations or species is an important evolutionary driving force. For invasive species, hybridization can enhance their competitive advantage in the non-native range as a source of adaptive novelty by introgression of selectively favoured alleles. </span><span>W</span><span>e use </span><span>single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays (SNP-chips) to assess genetic diversity and population structure in the invasive ctenophore <em>Mnemiopsis</em> <em>leidyi</em> </span><span>in native habitats along the USA east coast. H</span><span>ybrids are present at the distribution border of the two lineages. However, our data suggests selection against hybrids in stable habitats, while hybrids are selected for in fluctuating environments. H</span><span>ybrid populations thriving in extreme and unstable environments of the native range, such as the Chesapeake Bay, could accelerate the invasion success if translocated. For <em>M. leidyi</em>, this is especially relevant as low salinity currently limits its invasion range in western Eurasia. </span><span>Hybridization status is thus important but currently disregarded to determine high-risk areas for ballast water exchange.</span></p>
Data from: A universal tool for marine metazoan species identification – Towards best practices in proteomic fingerprinting
<p><span>Proteomic fingerprinting using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is a well-established tool for identifying microorganisms and has shown promising results for identification of animal species, particularly disease vectors and marine organisms. However, few studies have tested species identification across different orders and classes. In this study, we collected data from 1,246 specimens and 198 species to test species identification in a diverse dataset. We also evaluated different specimen preparation and data processing approaches for machine learning and developed a workflow to optimize classification using random forest. Our results showed high success rates of over 90%, but we also found that the size of the reference library affects classification error. Additionally, we demonstrated the ability of the method to differentiate marine cryptic-species complexes and to distinguish sexes within species.</span></p>
Species richness and intraspecific variation interactively shape marine diatom community functioning
<p>The data and code provided here is used to analyze and visualize all data associated with the manuscript "Species richness and intraspecific variation interactively shape marine diatom community functioning" which is under review at L&O Letters and is authored by Patrick K. Thomas, Marrit Jacob, Esteben Acevedo-Trejos, Helmut Hillebrand, and Maren Striebel.</p> <p>Data should be analyzed in R or R studio. The code should execute automatically with no modifications by the user as long as the four csv files are placed in the same working directory that R is set to. The R project (.Rproj) file may also be opened directly to create an R project that is automatically set to the correct directory.</p> <p>ABSTRACT:<br>Biodiversity generally increases productivity in ecosystems; however, this is mediated by the specific functional traits that come with biodiversity loss or gain and how these traits interact with environmental conditions. Most biodiversity studies evaluate effects of species richness alone, despite our increasing understanding that intraspecific diversity can have equally strong impacts. Here, we manipulate both species richness and intraspecific richness (i.e., number of distinct strains) in marine diatom communities to explicitly test the relative importance of species and strain richness for biomass and trait diversity in six distinct temperature/nutrient environments. We show that species and strain richness both have significant effects on biomass and growth rates, but more importantly they interact with each other, indicating that cross-species diversity effects depend on within-species diversity and vice versa. This intertwined relationship thus calls for more integrative approaches quantifying the relative importance of distinct biodiversity components and environmental context on ecosystem functioning.</p>
Global extinction probabilities of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine species groups
<p>This is the updated dataset presented in the manuscript titled "Global extinction probabilities of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine species groups".</p> <p>The dataset gives the code (R code), as well as the resulting raster files for the suggested Global extinction probabilities for different taxonomic groups, for use in Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA). We supply the results on 5arc minute resolution, aggregated for relevant spatial scales (e.g. terrestrial ecoregions or watersheds), as well as at country scale.</p> <p>For application in LCIA, we recommend applying GEPs to CFs with corresponding species groups and spatial scales. If the species group of the CFs do not match any of the provided GEPs, see (1); if the spatial scale of the CFs do not match any of the provided GEPs, see (2).</p> <ol> <li>If the species groups of the CFs do not match any of the provided sets of GEPs, we recommend recalculating GEPs for corresponding species groups and spatial scales based on the provided R scripts (e.g., see the R script for the freshwater heterotroph GEPs). Alternatively, GEPs can be aggregated to species group combinations by calculating species number-weighted GEP averages of the existing GEPs (see Table 4 in the article for species numbers per species group). In case of the latter approach, we recommend calculate GEP averages for all regions across the world (and not just those included in the analysis) and normalise the region-level average GEPs by the sum of the region-level average GEPs for consistency with the GEP concept.</li> <li>In addition to species group aggregation, GEPs can be aggregated to different spatial scales by calculating the sum of the cell-level GEPs contained per region (e.g., see R scripts).</li> </ol> <p> </p> <p>Updates: corrected mistakes in cnidarians. Removedcpiuntry GEPs for marine species groups.</p>
Data and R code for Reddin et al. 'Marine species and assemblage change foreshadowed by their thermal bias over Early Jurassic warming''
<p>This repository holds the raw and prepared datasets and R code to handle them for the manuscript Reddin et al. 'Marine species and assemblage change foreshadowed by their thermal bias over Early Jurassic warming'. Nature Communications</p>
Fig. 37 in Eight new species of marine dolichopodid flies of Thinophilus Wahlberg, 1844 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from peninsular Thailand
Fig. 37. Thinophilus variabilis sp. nov., ♀, habitus.
Data from: A low-latitude species pump: Peripheral isolation, parapatric speciation and mating-system evolution converge in a marine radiation
<p><span>Geologically recent radiation can shed light on speciation processes, but incomplete lineage sorting and introgressive gene flow render accurate evolutionary reconstruction and interpretation challenging. Independently evolving metapopulations of low-dispersal taxa may provide an additional level of phylogeographic information, given sufficiently broad sampling and genome-wide sequencing. Evolution in the marine brown algal genus </span><span>Fucus</span><span> in the south-eastern Atlantic was shaped by Quaternary climate-driven range shifts. Over this timescale, divergence and speciation occurred against a background of expansion-contraction cycles from multiple refugia, together with mating-system shifts from outcrossing (dioecy) to selfing hermaphroditism. We tested the hypothesis that peripheral isolation of range edge (dioecious) </span><span>F. vesiculosus</span><span> led to parapatric speciation and radiation of hermaphrodite lineages. Species tree methods using 876 single-copy nuclear genes and extensive geographic coverage produced conflicting topologies with respect to geographic clades of </span><span>F. vesiculosus</span><span>. All methods, however, revealed a new and early diverging hermaphrodite species, </span><span>Fucus macroguiryi</span><span> sp. Nov. Both the multispecies coalescent and polymorphism-aware models (in contrast to concatenation) support sequential paraphyly in </span><span>F. vesiculosus</span><span> resulting from distinct evolutionary processes. Our results support 1) peripheral isolation of the southern </span><span>F. vesiculosus</span><span> clade prior to parapatric speciation and radiation of hermaphrodite lineages – a "low latitude species pump". 2) Directional introgressive gene flow into </span><span>F. vesiculosus</span><span> around the present-day secondary contact zone (sympatric-allopatric boundary) between dioecious/hermaphrodite lineages as hermaphrodites expanded northwards, as supported by concordance analysis and statistical tests of introgression. Species boundaries in the extensive sympatric range are likely maintained by reproductive system (selfing in hermaphrodites) and reinforcement.</span></p>
Marine ecoregions and subecoregions within Indo-West Australian waters: A statistical approach based on species distributions
<p>Aim: The Marine Ecoregions of the World (MEOW) system delineates the oceans into 232 ecoregions. Here, we aimed to evaluate the suitability of this system to represent species distributions within Indo-West Australian waters, explore alternative ecoregions and new subecoregions, and investigate environmental variables that are correlated with species distributions within those waters.</p> <p>Location: Indo-West Australia</p> <p>Taxa: Vertebrates, invertebrates, marine plants</p> <p>Methods: We downloaded occurrence data for 14,513 marine species from the Ocean Biogeographic Information System. We analysed differences in species composition among nine ecoregions within Indo-West Australian waters using pairwise permutational multivariate analysis of variance to evaluate how well the MEOW system represents species distributions within those waters. We delineated subecoregions within each distinct ecoregion using hierarchical cluster analysis with the unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages. We analysed relationships between environmental variables and species composition using distance-based linear models.</p> <p>Results: Species composition was significantly different among ecoregions, except for three adjacent regions, which were combined into a single large ecoregion. Hence, seven distinct ecoregions were further analysed. Our study identified 13 subecoregions within these ecoregions that each separate into 'inshore' and 'offshore' zones. Depth explained the most variation in species composition of the combined taxa and sea surface temperature was the most important parameter in explaining the variability in most taxa.</p> <p>Main conclusion: The MEOW system did not represent well the distribution of marine species within Indo-West Australian waters. Alternatively, we show that those waters encompass seven distinct ecoregions with 13 subecoregions. The main environmental drivers of species distributions could be depth and sea surface temperature. The proposed ecoregions and subecoregions allow us to improve the biogeographic hypotheses for understanding the evolution of marine species and identify representative marine habitats and species composition for the setting of Marine Protected Area networks within Indo-West Australian waters.</p>
Marine fishes of Belize list.docx: a species list of shorefishes from Belize by Marine Fish of Belize (Anon. 2008).
<p>Marine fishes of Belize list.docx: a species list of shorefishes from Belize by Marine Fish of Belize (Anon. 2008).<br> </p> <p>data from Starck, W.A., Estapé C.J. & Morgan Estapé, A. (2017) The fishes of Alligator Reef and environs in the<br> Florida Keys: a half-century update. Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 27, 74–117.</p>
Рис. 1. Карта-схема сбора материала. Fig. 1. A schematic map of the region studied. in On the species composition of marine bivalves of the Sikhote-Alin Reserve (northern Primorye, Japan/East Sea)
Рис. 1. Карта-схема сбора материала. Fig. 1. A schematic map of the region studied.
Fig. 9 a–e N. exocoeti Pillai 1954 in Nerocila species (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cymothoidae) from Indian marine fishes
Fig. 9 a–e N. exocoeti Pillai 1954, ovigerous female (MNHN-IU-2009-1936): a–e, pleopods 1–5
Fig. 1 in Nerocila species (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cymothoidae) from Indian marine fishes
Fig. 1 Map showing the sampling area
Figure 26 in New genera and species of sphaeromatid isopod crustaceans from Australian marine coastal waters
Figure 26. Koremosphaera colonus sp. nov. A–E, pleopods 1–5; F, uropod.
Figure 21 in New genera and species of sphaeromatid isopod crustaceans from Australian marine coastal waters
Figure 21. Exosphaeroma alveola sp. nov. A–E, pleopods 1–5.
Figure 17 in New genera and species of sphaeromatid isopod crustaceans from Australian marine coastal waters
Figure 17. Exosphaeroma agmokara sp. nov. A–E, pleopods 1–5; F, uropod.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.