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1,515 results for “marshes”
High-marsh invertebrate densities for Rowley River tidal creeks associated with long term fertilization experiments, Rowley and Ipswich, MA.
Density (individuals per m2) of epibenthic invertebrate (on the surface such as snails and amphipods) for Rowley River tidal creeks associated with long term fertilization experiments, Rowley and Ipswich, MA. The TIDE project aims to simulate eutrophication on a large scale by the addition of NO3- aiming to reach 70μM concentrations from May to September every year during the growing season. Marsh fertilization from 2004 - 2016 at Sweeney Creek and 2005, and 2009-2016 at Clubhead Creek. Nutrient enrichment ended in 2016.
PIE LTER fish and crab trap data associated with marsh sites used in space for time sea level rise study, Rowley, MA.
This dataset consists of assessments of crab and fish abundances using traps placed in creeks adjacent to marsh community survey transects at sites around the Rowley River and the south side of Sawyer Island at the Plum Island LTER. At each site, four sets of crab and fish traps were deployed for one week. Traps were sampled daily and all individuals were identified and then returned to the creek away from the area where traps were placed. See HTL-RO-ST-MAR-Sites for site description.
PIE LTER quadrat percent cover associated with marsh sites used in space for time sea level rise study, Rowley, MA.
To assess community structure, first each 1 square meter is first examined by moving grass around to scan the substrate for mussels, crab burrows, amphipod burrows, and Littorina littorea snails. Researchers then estimates the percent live cover of a variety of plant species, checking against a standard list of species. Species not on the list are also recorded, and, if unknown, for identification in the lab after sampling. Each species has its cover recorded individually, which could lead to greater than 100% cover. Percent cover of bare space, detritus, and wrack are also recorded. Last, Melampus bidentata snails are recorded in 10 cm x 10 cm at each corner of the quadrat.
PIE LTER eddy flux measurements during 2018 from second high marsh site (Spartina patens/short Spartina alterniflora) Tall Tower off Nelson Island Creek, Rowley, Massachusetts
We deployed an eddy covariance system to measure ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO2 above a high marsh system (Spartina patens, short Spartina alterniflora) located on the Parker River Wildlife Refuge in marshes of Plum Island Sound, Rowley MA. The system is located near a higher elevation rock outcroppingprotected area which allows the tower set up to remain during the Winter as it is protected from ice flows. The data represents CO2 exchange for all 12 months of 2018.
PIE LTER eddy flux measurements during 2019 from second high marsh site (Spartina patens/short Spartina alterniflora) Tall Tower off Nelson Island Creek, Rowley, Massachusetts
We deployed an eddy covariance system to measure ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO2 above a high marsh system (Spartina patens, short Spartina alterniflora) located on the Parker River Wildlife Refuge in marshes of Plum Island Sound, Rowley MA. The system is located near a higher elevation rock outcropping protected area which allows the tower set up to remain during the winter as it is protected from ice flows. The data represents CO2 exchange for all 12 months of 2019.
PIE LTER eddy flux measurements during 2020 from second high marsh site (Spartina patens/short Spartina alterniflora) Tall Tower off Nelson Island Creek, Rowley, Massachusetts
We deployed an eddy covariance system to measure ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO2 above a high marsh system (Spartina patens, short Spartina alterniflora) located on the Parker River Wildlife Refuge in marshes of Plum Island Sound, Rowley MA. The system is located near a higher elevation rock outcroppingprotected area which allows the tower set up to remain during the Winter as it is protected from ice flows. The data represents CO2 exchange for all 12 months of 2020.
Eddy flux measurements during 2018 from low marsh site (Spartina alterniflora) within Shad Creek catchment, Rowley, Massachusetts, PIE LTER.
We deployed an eddy covariance system to measure ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO2 above a low marsh system (Spartina alterniflora) located within the Shad creek catchment off Plum Island Sound, Rowley MA. The data represents CO2 exchange for early April through early November 2018. This site was established in 2015.
Eddy flux measurements during 2019 from low marsh site (Spartina alterniflora) within Shad Creek catchment, Rowley, Massachusetts, PIE LTER.
We deployed an eddy covariance system to measure ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO2 above a low marsh system (Spartina alterniflora) located within the Shad creek catchment off Plum Island Sound, Rowley MA. The data represents CO2 exchange for mid-April through early November 2019. This site was established in 2015.
Eddy flux measurements during 2020 from low marsh site (Spartina alterniflora) within Shad Creek catchment, Rowley, Massachusetts, PIE LTER.
We deployed an eddy covariance system to measure ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO2 above a low marsh system (Spartina alterniflora) located within the Shad creek catchment off Plum Island Sound, Rowley MA. The data represents CO2 exchange for mid-May through mid-November 2020. This site was established in 2015.
Vegetation and Ground Cover of Permanent Plots for Upper Phillips Creek Marsh, Nassawadox, VA 1990-2014
Juncus roemerianus, the black needlerush, is a commonly found salt marsh plant. It exists especially in areas of little tidal inundation and low salinities. As such, it may play an important role in the accretion of marshes where sediment sources are not readily accessible. Biogenic accretion of marshes is a slow process representing the net result of production and decomposition. To study the process effectively requires long-term observations and experiments. We will initiate research at this site by selecting locations for study, collecting preliminary data on the locations, and designing long-term experiments. Plots for long-term observations will allow for analyses of changes in dominance of cover by plant species. We will choose plots to include the interface between J. roemerianus and other species and will follow changes at the interface. Also attached is an unpublished manuscript (PDF/A format) containing details of the data and some analyses.
End of Year Biomass for the 1st UPC Inundation Experiment in Upper Phillips Creek marsh 1999-2014
The objective of this study was to determine the individual and compound effects of inundation and wrack deposition on high marsh community structure. Inundation pattern and wrack presence were manipulated individually and in combination, in two neighboring communities (a Juncus roemerianus-dominated and an adjacent Spartina patens and Distichlis spicata-dominated) in 1994 and 1995. Aboveground biomass was used to assess marsh response to the stressors of increased inundation and wrack presence (Tolley and Christian 1999) and continues to be collected from these experimental plots on an annual basis. Details of initial manipulation may be found in: Tolley, P.M. and R.R. Christian. 1999. Effects of increased inundation and wrack deposition on a high salt marsh plant community. Estuaries 22:944-954.
End of Year Biomass for the 2nd UPC Inundation Experiment in Upper Phillips Creek marsh 1999-2010
The objective of this study is to determine the effect of increasing inundation on healthy (in-tack turf) and unhealthy (hollow and hummock topography) high marsh habitat. Brinson et al. (1995) developed a model representing the change that occurs in ecosystem state (or habitat type) along the shorezone, from the forest -> high marsh -> low marsh -> mud flat, in response to the increased inundation caused by rising sea-level. They suggested that a seaward shift in ecosystem state is largely dependent on local slope and sediment supply. The states are associated with the dominant vegetation found within each. The most seaward (lowest in elevation) state is the mud flat. It is frequently inundated by tide and typically supports algal species. The next landward state is the mineral low marsh; it is dominated by Spartina alterniflora and is typically flooded at high tide. Sediments here may be largely mineral in origin. The next landward state is the high marsh; it may be dominated by S. patens, Distichlis spicata, and Juncus roemerianus. It is occasionally inundated by high tides and the soil is usually organic. The transition zone between the high marsh and the forest is typically dominated by Iva frutescens, Baccharis hamifolia, and Juniperus virginiana. It is only inundated during severe storm surges. The forest may be dominated by either pines or hardwoods and is again flooded with sea water only by storm surges. Goals: The goal of this long-term project is to evaluate how sea-level rise affects marsh evolution and ecosystem state change. Seventeen sites along Virginia's eastern shore have been selected to study marsh evolution on both the mainland and the barrier islands. These sites will be available for long-term seasonal to annual observations. Some sites will also be available for experimentation and short-term studies. The initial project is to establish initial site characteristics.
Quantifying Changes along Mainland Marshes in the Virginia Coast Reserve, 1957-2011: GIS data
This dataset contains data that quantifies the long-term rate of change in the shoreline position along seaside mainland marshes of the Virginia Coast Reserve between 1957 and 2009. It also contains data that delineates potential areas available for future marsh transgression under three different sea level rise scenarios based on current land use and elevation data. Shoreline position was determined for ten individual mainland marsh sites 3-4 km in length, plus the full length of the mainland marsh edge along the entire seaside length of the peninsula, based on aerial imagery from 1957, 1966, 1989, 2002, and 2009. The ten marsh sites (north to south) were at Gargathy Bay, Cedar Island Bay, Hummock Cove, Wachapreague, North Matulakin Marsh, Short and Long Prong Marshes, Crabbing Marsh, Oyster, Mockhorn Bay, and Marion Scott Cove. Metrics of the rate of change were determined using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS), an ArcGIS extension (Thieler et al., 2009). Given the digitized shorelines and a parallel baseline as inputs, DSAS creates evenly-spaced transects perpendicular to the baseline and calculates the rate of shoreline change using a variety of methods, including the End Point Rate (EPR), linear regression rate (LRR), and various iterative and weighted linear regressions. Statistics for these regressions are included in the transect and summary point attribute data. Areas potentially suitable for future marsh transgression based on land use were determined based on 2005 NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (CCAP) data and consisted of upland and wetland areas currently in forest or scrub/shrub cover and adjacent to existing marshes. The acreage of these potential marsh areas that could be inundated and unavailable for marsh transgression under three different sea level rise scenarios was also determined based on elevation data from 2010 LiDAR surveys (see VCRLTER dataset VCR12194). Data on sediment grain size characteristics from the field collectio
Quantifying Changes along Mainland Marshes in the Virginia Coast Reserve, 1957-2011: Tabular data
This dataset contains data that quantifies the long-term rate of change in the shoreline position along seaside mainland marshes of the Virginia Coast Reserve between 1957 and 2009. It also contains data that delineates potential areas available for future marsh transgression under three different sea level rise scenarios based on current land use and elevation data. Additionally, the tabular data contains sediment grain size analysis results from sediment cores collected in 2011 at six of the ten study sites, plus GPS elevation profiles of the marsh edges at those sites. Shoreline position was determined for ten individual mainland marsh sites 3-4 km in length, plus the full length of the mainland marsh edge along the entire seaside length of the peninsula, based on aerial imagery from 1957, 1966, 1989, 2002, and 2009. The ten marsh sites (north to south) were at Gargathy Bay, Cedar Island Bay, Hummock Cove, Wachapreague, North Matulakin Marsh, Short and Long Prong Marshes, Crabbing Marsh, Oyster, Mockhorn Bay, and Marion Scott Cove. Metrics of the rate of change were determined using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS), an ArcGIS extension (Thieler et al., 2009). Given the digitized shorelines and a parallel baseline as inputs, DSAS creates evenly-spaced transects perpendicular to the baseline and calculates the rate of shoreline change using a variety of methods, including the End Point Rate (EPR), linear regression rate (LRR), and various iterative and weighted linear regressions. Statistics for these regressions are included in the transect and summary point attribute data. Areas potentially suitable for future marsh transgression based on land use were determined based on 2005 NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (CCAP) data and consisted of upland and wetland areas currently in forest or scrub/shrub cover and adjacent to existing marshes. The acreage of these potential marsh areas that could be inundated and unavailable for marsh transgression under
Groundwater Levels at Phillips Creek Marsh, VA 2012-2020
This dataset contains information on water level and temperature in a series of groundwater wells in Phillips Creek Marsh, near Nassawadox, VA on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. Data on temperature and water pressure are collected every 12 minutes using automated "Ceradiver" data loggers and transformed following atmospheric adjustment into water levels. This dataset extends previous measurements using different technologies for three of the wells included in dataset: "Ground Water Level at Brownsville and Hog Island, VA 1997-2009" (knb-lter-vcr.142). The Creekbank (CB), High Marsh (BH) and Tracy2 sites are the CB1, JUNCUS2 and BW3 sites in this dataset, respectively.
Visualization of Marsh Grass Roots and Rhizomes by CT imaging: VCR salt marshes, summer 2012
Computer-aided tomography and image processing previously has been used to accurately and rapidly quantify coarse root mass in coastal wetlands (Davey et al. 2011. Ecological Applications). The data in this data base are being used to develop the technique to allow for resolution of fine roots. The contribution of Spartina alterniflora roots-and-rhizomes (hereafter, roots) to soil volume is measured in VCR mainland marsh soils. Soil cores were collected several different marshes with differing soil types (mineral vs peaty). The cores were scanned by computer-aided tomography and image processing was used to determine the volume of living roots. Our results show that CT imaging may also be used to quantify coarse and fine root volume in salt marsh soils and that in peaty soils, coarse roots make an important contribution to soil volume (up to 53% of the soil volume is live roots). The dataset includes an extensive manual of methods, along with instructional videos.
Chimney Pole Marsh Erosion-Camera Images and Video 2009-2012
This data consists of a time series of image and video files showing erosion at the western edge of Chimney Pole Marsh, in Northampton Co. Virginia. Images depict the edge of a salt marsh as it erodes. Images and videos have a time stamp (YYYYmmdd_HHMMss) embedded in their file name and also in the upper left of the images themselves. All dates and times are in Eastern Standard Time. Images and videos are taken once ever 30 minutes at 25 and 55 minutes after the hour. Still image JPEG (.jpg) files are 1600x1200 pixels in size. Videos are encoded as MPEG-4 (.mp4) files with a resolution of 400x304 at 8.05 frames per second. They were collected by a 2 mega-pixel Vivotek IP7161 security camera attached to a post (approximately 3-m above the marsh surface). The camera was removed when the marsh was sufficiently eroded that the camera platform was imperiled. There are some gaps in the data caused by network and electrical problems.
Mesocosm (Marsh Organ) experiment at Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge, MD, 2012
This experiment examines the effects of tidal inundation on the growth of salt marsh vegetation. We measured the response of plants to disturbance across a gradient in inundation times by transplanting tussocks of Schoenoplectus americanus into mesocosms of different elevation. The mesocosms were arranged into structures commonly described as �marsh organs�. Here we utilize two marsh organs each containing 54 mesocosms constructed of 6-inch diameter (0.0182, m2) polyvinyl chloride pipe, arranged into nine rows containing six pipes of identical elevation. We conducted the experiment in a large brackish marsh on the Atlantic Coast of North America. The study site is adjacent to the Blackwater River, a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay (Maryland, USA) (Blackwater, 38.40�N, 76.07�W). Changes in water level are primarily driven by meteorological events, with mean astronomical tides of <0.25 m. Long-term porewater salinities average 10 p.p.t. within the marsh soil, and intertidal vegetation is dominated by Schoenoplectus americanus and Spartina patens.
Coastal SEES Collaborative Research: Coastal Sustainability: A cross-site comparison of salt marsh persistence in response to sea-level rise and feedbacks from social adaptations
Coastal ecosystems are often valued for decision-making purposes based on monetized market and non-market values of goods and services, and associated economic impacts. Examples include values of fishery landings, price changes for waterfront homes, and tourism revenues. Monetized quantities such as these do not provide a comprehensive characterization of the values provided by these ecosystems. Human reliance on the goods and services provided by ecosystems and the global decline in the health of many of these ecosystems suggests the need for ecosystem valuation to help inform decision-making and conservation policy. However, traditionally employed economic valuation methods are rarely able to capture the full scope of the benefits ecosystems provide, including benefits provided by "cultural" ecosystem services. Qualitative methods such as focus groups can provide insight on these values not available through quantitative methods alone. This research explores public perceptions of salt marsh value through the use of semi-structured focus groups in marsh-adjacent communities in Massachusetts, Virginia, and Georgia. The data include de-identified focus group transcripts from three 90-minute focus groups held in each state. Initial questions were drawn from the same semi-structured question list in each focus group, with exploratory follow-up questions based on participant responses. Results of text analysis suggest that in case study communities, outdoor experiences in salt marshes inspire serenity in Massachusetts, influence shore identities in Virginia, and promote stewardship cultivation in Georgia. Perceived threats to these benefits, such as the threat of residential development, industrial pollution, and increasing flood risk, together constitute the context for various community responses related to marsh protection. Results supplement information from extant economic valuations and show the importance of utilizing diverse methods to elicit information on soci
Elevations of Nine Marshes along the Virginia Coast, 2016-2019
Marsh elevation change was measured in nine sites through Global Positioning System (GPS) Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) surveys using Trimble R7 and R10.2 survey equipment. The data includes a table of processed results, plus raw RINEX inputs for the reference locations for each survey, along with OPUS (Online Positioning User Service) solution files for those reference locations. Additionally, ArcGIS data layers are provided both in a geodatabase and as individual shapefiles. Raw RTK surveys were adjusted based on the OPUS solutions for the fixed reference location associated with each survey. All elevations are relative to NAVD88 with GEOID12B and all horizontal locations use the WGS84 datum.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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