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opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: The microbially-mediated soil organic carbon loss under degenerative succession in an alpine meadow

Land-cover change has long been recognized as having marked effect on the amount of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, the microbially-mediated processes and mechanisms on SOC are still unclear. In this study, the soil samples in a degenerative succession from alpine meadow to alpine steppe meadow in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were analyzed using high-throughput technologies, including Illumina sequencing and GeoChip functional gene arrays. The soil microbial community structure and diversity were significantly (P < 0.05) different between alpine meadow and alpine steppe meadow, the microbial ɑ-diversity in alpine steppe meadow was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than in alpine meadow. Molecular ecological network analysis indicated that the microbial community structure in alpine steppe meadow was more complex and tighter than in the alpine meadow. The relative abundance of soil microbial labile carbon degradation genes (e.g., pectin and hemicellulose) was significantly higher in alpine steppe meadow than in alpine meadow, but the relative abundance of soil recalcitrant carbon degradation genes (e.g. chitin and lignin) showed the opposite tendency. The Biolog Ecoplate experiment showed that microbially-mediated soil carbon utilization was more active in alpine steppe meadow than in alpine meadow. Consequently, more soil labile carbon might be decomposed in alpine steppe meadow than in alpine meadow. Therefore, the degenerative succession of alpine meadow because of climate change or anthropogenic activities would most likely decreased SOC and nutrients medicated by changing soil microbial community structure and their functional potentials for carbon decomposition.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →

Effects of Application of Recycled Chicken Manure and Spent Mushroom Substrate on Organic Matter, Acidity, and Hydraulic Properties of Sandy Soils

This study aimed at examining the effects of long-term application of chicken manure (CM) and spent mushroom substrate (SMS) on organic matter accumulation, acidity, and hydraulic properties of soil. Two podzol soils with sandy texture in Podlasie Region (Poland) were enriched with recycled CM (10 Mg ha􀀀1) and SMS (20 Mg ha􀀀1), respectively, every 1–2 years for 20 years. The application of CM and SMS increased soil organic matter content at the depths of 0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm, especially at 0–20 cm (by 102–201%). The initial soil pH increased in the CM- and SMS-amended soil by 1.7–2.0 units and 1.0–1.2 units, respectively. Soil bulk density at comparable depths increased and decreased following the addition of CM and SMS, respectively. The addition of CM increased field water capacity (at –100 hPa) in the range from 45.8 to 117.8% depending on the depth within the 0–60 cm layer. In the case of the SMS addition, the value of the parameter was in the range of 42.4–48.5% at two depths within 0–40 cm. Depending on the depth, CM reduced the content of transmission pores (>50 m) in the range from 46.3 to 82.3% and increased the level of residual pores (<0.5 m) by 91.0–198.6%. SMS increased the content of residual pores at the successive depths by 121.8, 251.0, and 30.3% and decreased or increased the content of transmission and storage pores. Additionally, it significantly reduced the saturated hydraulic conductivity at two depths within 0–40 cm. The fitted unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at two depths within the 0–40 cm layer increased and decreased in the CM- and SMS-amended soils, respectively. The results provide a novel insight into the application of recycled organic materials to sequester soil organic matter and improve crop productivity by increasing soil water retention capacity and decreasing acidity. This is of particular importance in the case of the studied low-productivity sandy acidic soils that have to be used in agriculture due to limited global land resources and rising food demand.

Figure 4 in Terrestrial macroinvertebrates captured with a baited ramp-pitfall trap from five limestone caves in North Alabama and Georgia (USA) and their association with soil organic matter

Figure 4. Regression analyses of species richness from the various distance intervals in Howard's Waterfall Cave, Georgia.

Figure 6 in Terrestrial macroinvertebrates captured with a baited ramp-pitfall trap from five limestone caves in North Alabama and Georgia (USA) and their association with soil organic matter

Figure 6. Regression analyses of total Collembola abundance from the various distance intervals in Howard's Waterfall Cave, Georgia.

Figure 3 in Terrestrial macroinvertebrates captured with a baited ramp-pitfall trap from five limestone caves in North Alabama and Georgia (USA) and their association with soil organic matter

Figure 3. Regression of total invertebrate abundance and % total organic matter (% TOM) from the various distance interval in Cave Springs Cave, Alabama.

Figure 1 in Terrestrial macroinvertebrates captured with a baited ramp-pitfall trap from five limestone caves in North Alabama and Georgia (USA) and their association with soil organic matter

Figure 1. Our ramp-pitfall trap without styrofoam plate and bait. Plastic container dimensions (width and height 18 cm), openings to container (width 8 cm, height 7 cm), ramps (8 cm, 19 cm, and slanted side 18 cm).

Figure 2 in Terrestrial macroinvertebrates captured with a baited ramp-pitfall trap from five limestone caves in North Alabama and Georgia (USA) and their association with soil organic matter

Figure 2. Regression of total invertebrate abundance and % total organic matter (% TOM) from the various distance intervals in Anvil Cave, Alabama.

Figure 5 in Terrestrial macroinvertebrates captured with a baited ramp-pitfall trap from five limestone caves in North Alabama and Georgia (USA) and their association with soil organic matter

Figure 5. Regression analyses of total invertebrate abundance from the various distance intervals in Howard's Waterfall Cave, Georgia.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Data from: Living, dead, and absent trees - How do moth outbreaks shape small-scale patterns of soil organic matter stocks and dynamics at the Subarctic mountain birch treeline?

Mountain birch forests (B. pubescens Ehrh. ssp. czerepanovii) at the subarctic treeline not only benefit from global warming, but are also increasingly affected by caterpillar outbreaks from foliage-feeding geometrid moths. Both of these factors have unknown consequences on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and biogeochemical cycles. We measured SOC stocks down to the bedrock under living trees and under two stages of dead trees (12 and 55 years since moth outbreak) and treeless tundra in northern Finland. We also measured in-situ soil respiration, potential SOC decomposability, biological (enzyme activities, microbial biomass), and chemical (N, mineral N, pH) soil properties. SOC stocks were significantly higher under living trees (4.1±2.1 kg m²) than in the treeless tundra (2.4±0.6 kg m²), and remained at an elevated level even 12 (3.7±1.7 kg m²) and 55 years (4.9±3.0 kg m²) after tree death. Effects of tree status on SOC stocks decreased with increasing distance from the tree and with increasing depth, i.e. a significant effect of tree status was found in the organic layer, but not in mineral soil. Soil under living trees was characterized by higher mineral N contents, microbial biomass, microbial activity, and soil respiration compared with the treeless tundra; soils under dead trees were intermediate between these two. The results suggest accelerated organic matter turnover under living trees but a positive net effect on SOC stocks. Slowed organic matter turnover and continuous supply of deadwood may explain why SOC stocks remained elevated under dead trees, despite the heavy decrease in aboveground C stocks. We conclude that the increased occurrence of moth damage with climate change would have minor effects on SOC stocks, but ultimately decrease ecosystem C stocks (49% within 55 years in this area), if the mountain birch forests will not be able to recover from the outbreaks.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: van Gestel CAM, Loureiro S, Zidar P (2018) Terrestrial isopods as model organisms in soil ecotoxicology: a review. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 127-162. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.21970

Supporing information : Explanation note: Table S1: Overview of literature data on the toxicity of selected chemicals to isopods exposed through food or soil.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

Data for the article "Quantitative Impact of Organic Matter and Soil Moisture on Permafrost"

Data for the article "Quantitative Impact of Organic Matter and Soil Moisture on Permafrost"

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2022View details →

Climate and geology overwrite land use effects on soil organic nitrogen cycling on a continental scale

Abstract. Soil fertility and plant productivity are globally constrained by N availability. Proteins are the largest N reservoir in soils and the cleavage of proteins into small peptides and amino acids has been shown to be the rate limiting step in the terrestrial N cycle. However, we are still lacking a profound understanding of the environmental controls of this process. Here we show that integrated effects of climate and soil geochemistry drive protein cleavage across large scales. We measured gross protein depolymerization rates in mineral and organic soils sampled across a 4000-km-long European transect covering a wide range of climates, geologies and land uses. Based on structural equation models we identified that soil organic N cycling was strongly controlled by substrate availability, e.g. by soil protein content. Soil geochemistry was a secondary predictor, by controlling protein stabilization mechanisms and protein availability. Precipitation was identified as the main climatic control on protein depolymerization, by affecting soil weathering and soil organic matter accumulation. In contrast, land use was a poor predictor of protein depolymerization. Our results highlight the need to consider geology and precipitation effects on soil geochemistry when estimating and predicting soil N cycling at large scales.

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

Tree species richness and soil organic carbon stock

Recently, the perspectives for the stronger persistence of soil organic carbon (SOC) caused by the higher molecular diversity of organic compounds were proposed. Therefore, the effects of tree species richness and composition on the diversity of molecular components of SOC need to be explored. In this study, we collected data on tree species diversity and composition, SOC concentration, chemical composition, litter and fine root properties, and examined the relationships between the richness, composition and functional diversity of tree species, and the evenness of SOC chemical compositions at a molecular level by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, across six natural forest types encompassing a diversity gradient, ranging from cold temperate to tropical forests. Across the range, tree species richness correlated to the evenness of SOC chemical components through tree species composition. The negative correlation of evenness of SOC chemical components with tree species composition and the positive correlation of evenness of SOC chemical components with tree functional diversity were found. The positive correlation of the evenness of SOC chemical components with indicator tree species. These findings suggest that the indicator tree species conservation might be preferable to simply increasing tree species richness, for enhancing the potential resistance of SOC to decomposition.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

Data for: Cover crop functional types differentially alter the content and composition of soil organic carbon in particulate and mineral-associated fractions

Cover crops (CCs) can increase soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration by providing additional OC residues, recruiting beneficial soil microbiota, and improving soil aggregation and structure. The various CC species that belong to distinct plant functional types (PFTs) may differentially impact SOC formation and stabilization. Biogeochemical theory suggests that selection of PFTs with distinct litter quality (C:N ratio) should influence the pathways and magnitude of SOC sequestration. Yet, we lack knowledge on the effect of CCs from different PFTs on the quantity and composition of physiochemical pools of SOC. We sampled soils under monocultures of three CC PFTs (legume [crimson clover]; grass [triticale]; and brassica [canola]) and a mixture of these three species, from a long-term CC experiment in Pennsylvania, USA. We measured C content in bulk soil and C content and composition in contrasting physical fractions: particulate organic matter, POM; and mineral-associated organic matter, MAOM. The bulk SOC content was higher in all CC treatments compared to the fallow. Compared to the legume, monocultures of grass and brassica with lower litter quality (wider C:N) had higher proportion of plant-derived C in POM, indicating selective preservation of complex structural plant compounds. In contrast, soils under legumes had greater accumulation of microbial-derived C in MAOM. Our results for the first time, revealed that the mixture contributed to a higher concentration of plant-derived compounds in POM relative to the legume, and a greater accumulation of microbial-derived C in MAOM compared to monocultures of grass and brassica. Mixtures with all three PFTs can thus increase the short- and long-term SOC persistence balancing the contrasting effects on the chemistries in POM and MAOM imposed by monoculture CC PFTs. Thus, despite different cumulative C inputs in CC treatments from different PFTs, the total SOC stocks did not vary between CC PFTs, rather PFTs impacted whether C accumulated in POM or MAOM fractions. This highlights that CCs of different PFTs may shift the dominant SOC formation pathways (POM vs. MAOM), subsequently impacting short- and long-term SOC stabilization and stocks. Our work provides a strong applied field test of biogeochemical theory linking litter quality to pathways of C accrual in soil.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Supplemental data for "Uncertainty in Land Use Obscures Global Soil Organic Carbon Stock Estimates"

These are supporting data for the manuscript: "Uncertainty in Land Use Obscures Global Soil Organic Carbon Stock Estimates." They include data for the figures showing the spatial dynamics of cropland and LULCC-induced SOC loss etc, including Fig.3, Fig.6, Fig.9, and Fig.10.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Dateset: Adsorption and thermal stability of dissolved organic matter on Ca- and Mg-exchanged montmorillonite: Implications for persistence in soils and sediments

Here is the dataset used for the paper "Adsorption and thermal stability of dissolved organic matter on Ca- and Mg-exchanged montmorillonite: Implications for persistence in soils and sediments".  <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2023.121813">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2023.121813</a>

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

Combined chemical and organic remediation improved soil health in saline-sodic soils

This dataset is relevant to the article entitled "Combining chemical and organic treatments enhance remediation performance and soil health in saline-sodic soils" accepted for publication in the journal "Communication Earth and Environment", DOI: 10.1038/s43247-023-00948-6. .

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Nine years of warming and nitrogen addition in the Tibetan grassland promoted loss of soil organic carbon but did not alter the bulk change of chemical structure

Understanding the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and chemical stabilization dynamics is important for accurately predicting ecosystem C sequestration and/or potential C loss, but the relevant information, especially for the intervention of environmental controls on grassland soil is limited in Tibetan plateau regions. Here we used a 9-year two-way factorial experiment involving warming with open top chambers (+1.80 °C in the daytime and +0.77 °C in the nighttime at the soil surface) and multilevel nitrogen (N) enrichment treatments (0, 5, 10, and 15 g m-2 year-1) in the Tibetan plateau to investigate the changes in SOC pool size and chemical structure. 9-year warming treatment significantly decreased SOC stock in the Tibetan grassland. We observed decreasing SOC concentrations which may be related to changes in the C degrading enzymes. Surprisingly, the SOC molecular structure remained unchanged in all N enrichment and warmed plots, suggesting that both treatments had affected all forms of SOC, from simple and complex polymeric in a similar way. Our results suggest that long-term warming stimulates soil C loss but no preference in SOC loss with different chemical structure.

publicFeb 2023View details →

Tree species richness and soil organic carbon stock

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