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1,940 results for “pulses”
Perturbing the travelling pulse in a three-species competition-diffusion system
<p>We consider the situation where an exotic species <em>w</em> invades an ecosystem inhabited by two native species <em>u</em> and <em>v</em>. All species are competing for the same limited resource. Supposing that <em>u</em> and <em>v</em> are not able to coexist in the absence of the invader, we want to determine whether a successful invasion by <em>w</em> may allow all species to coexist (competitor-mediated coexistence). Mathematically, this problem can be modelled by the following three-species competition-diffusion system<br> <span class="math-tex">\( \left\{ \begin{alignedat}{6} u_t &= d_1 \, \Delta u &&+ (r_1 &&- u &&- b_{12} \, v &&- b_{13} \, w &&)\,u, \\ v_t &= d_2 \, \Delta v &&+ (r_2 &&- v &&- b_{21} \, u &&- b_{23} \, w &&)\,v, \\ w_t &= d_3 \, \Delta w &&+ (r_3 &&- w &&- b_{31} \, u &&- b_{32} \, v &&)\,w, \end{alignedat} \right.\)</span><br> where all parameters are positive constants.</p> <p>We are interested in the case in which the invading species is weaker than the native ones, i.e., it is not able to survive in the diffusion-free system obtained by setting <em>d</em><sub>1</sub> = <em>d</em><sub>2</sub> = <em>d</em><sub>3</sub> = 0.<br> We fix all parameters as<br> <span class="math-tex">\( \begin{aligned} & d_1 = d_2 = d_3 = 1, \\ & r_1 = r_2 = 28, \\ & \begin{aligned} b_{12} &= 22/21, & b_{13} &= 4, \\ b_{21} &= 1.87, & b_{23} &= 3/4, \\ b_{31} &= 26/21, & b_{32} &= 22/21, \\ \end{aligned} \end{aligned}\)</span><br> and leave <em>r</em><sub>3</sub>, which measures the strength of the exotic species, as a free parameter. Depending on the value of <em>r</em><sub>3</sub>, the invasion can be either successful or not and competitor-mediated coexistence may or may not occur.</p> <p>It turns out that if <em>r</em><sub>3</sub> lies in a certain range of values, the three-species competition-diffusion system admits several types of travelling wave solutions. In particular, there exists a travelling pulse which is stable for relatively high values of <em>r</em><sub>3</sub> and then becomes unstable when <em>r</em><sub>3</sub> decreases. In the movie here presented, we show the outcome of perturbing the unstable travelling pulse for <em>r</em><sub>3</sub> = 26.75. In this case, the pulse splits in two three-species waves moving in opposite directions.</p>
Broadband Characteristics of Chaotic Pulse Trains associated with Sequential Dart Leaders in a Rocket-Triggered Lightning Flash
<p>The data supports the paper entitled “<a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029488">Broadband Characteristics of Chaotic Pulse Trains associated with Sequential Dart Leaders in a Rocket-Triggered Lightning Flash</a>” published in JGR-Atmospheres, and these files can be opened by MATLAB. The data can be used freely for scientific purposes with appropriate citation.</p>
Morphodynamic modeling of sediment pulse dynamics: Raw code and output
<p>Fortran source code and raw output files (.csv) for a 1D morphodynamic model simulating sediment pulse evolution.</p> <p>This material is provided as is, with absolutely no warranty expressed or implied. Any use is at your own risk.</p>
Low Frequency Radio Pulses Produced by Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes
<p>The data supports the manuscript entitled “Low Frequency Radio Pulses Produced by Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes” that is published in GRL. These files can be opened by MATLAB. The data can be used freely for scientific purposes with appropriate citation.</p>
Data for "Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Preliminary Breakdown Pulses in Intracloud Lightning Flashes"
<p>In the manuscript entitled "Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Preliminary Breakdown Pulses in Intracloud Lightning Flashes", the corresponding data is provided in the following attachment. These files can be opened by Matlab 2016 (or later).</p>
Pulse Wave Database (PWDB): Baseline subjects aged 25 to 75
<p><strong>The Pulse Wave Database</strong></p> <p>The <a href="https://peterhcharlton.github.io/pwdb">Pulse Wave Database (PWDB)</a> is a database of simulated arterial pulse waves designed to be representative of a sample of pulse waves measured from healthy adults. It contains pulse waves for 4,374 virtual subjects, aged from 25-75 years old (in 10 year increments). The database contains a baseline set of pulse waves for each of the six age groups, created using cardiovascular properties (such as heart rate and arterial stiffness) which are representative of healthy subjects at each age group. It also contains 728 further virtual subjects at each age group, in which each of the cardiovascular properties are varied within normal ranges. The entire database is available at DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2633174">10.5281/zenodo.2633174</a> .</p> <p><strong>This dataset: baseline subjects aged 25 to 75</strong></p> <p>This dataset is a subset of the PWDB. It contains the pulse waves for the six baseline subjects aged 25 to 75 (in 10 year increments). It contains the following waves:</p> <ul> <li>arterial flow velocity (U),</li> <li>luminal area (A),</li> <li>pressure (P), and</li> <li>photoplethysmogram (PPG).</li> </ul> <p>These pulse waves are provided at a range of measurement sites, including:</p> <ul> <li>aorta (ascending and descending)</li> <li>carotid artery</li> <li>brachial artery</li> <li>radial artery</li> <li>finger</li> <li>femoral artery</li> </ul> <p>The data are available in three formats: Matlab, CSV and WaveForm Database (WFDB) format. Further details of the formatting and contents of each file are available at: <a href="https://github.com/peterhcharlton/pwdb/wiki/Using-the-Pulse-Wave-Database">https://github.com/peterhcharlton/pwdb/wiki/Using-the-Pulse-Wave-Database</a></p> <p><strong>Accompanying Publication</strong></p> <p>This is a subset of the PWDB database, which is described in the following publication:</p> <p><a href="https://peterhcharlton.github.io/pwdb/pwdb_article.html">Charlton P.H., Mariscal Harana, J., Vennin, S., Li, Y., Chowienczyk, P. & Alastruey, J., “Modelling arterial pulse waves in healthy ageing: a database for in silico evaluation of haemodynamics and pulse wave indices,”</a> [under review]</p> <p>Please cite this publication when using the database.</p> <p><strong>Further Information</strong></p> <p>Further information on the Pulse Wave Database project can be found at: <a href="https://peterhcharlton.github.io/pwdb/"><em>https://peterhcharlton.github.io/pwdb/</em></a></p> <p><strong>Version History</strong></p> <p><strong>Version 1.0 : </strong>provided for peer review of "Modelling arterial pulse waves in healthy ageing: a database for in silico evaluation of haemodynamics and pulse wave indices"</p>
Analysis of heritage stones and model wall paintings by pulsed laser excitation of Raman, laser-induced fluorescence and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy signals with a hybrid system
<p>Laser based analysis of artworks benefits from the development of hybrid instruments where a single laser source serves to excite fluorescence, Raman and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) signals. Laser induced fluorescence (LIF) and Raman spectra provide information at the molecular level, while LIBS serves for identifying the elemental composition of the substrate under consideration. Studies using several excitation wavelengths on different types of materials and substrates help to develop and establish these hybrid systems for the conservation of artworks.</p>
A semi-analytical interpretation model of pulse decay measurement on ultra-tight rocks
<p>This contribution presents a new semi-analytical model for the evaluation of the initial (early time) stage of pulse decay permeability tests, i.e. before reaching quasi-steady state flow conditions and prior to a significant pressure increase in the downstream reservoir. The analytical model considers gas compressibility and slippage effects. In order to validate the proposed method, measurements were performed on a core sample of the Cretaceous Eagle Ford shale, Texas, USA, under different pore and confining pressures. Helium was used as the test fluid to minimize effects from adsorption. Permeability coefficients obtained from this new approach agree well with those from the classical pulse decay evaluation while the duration of tests was reduced from hours to minutes. The present model is a good supplement for the pulse decay method and suitable for measurements of ultra-low-permeability rocks.</p>
DATA from: Time-varying reconstruction of the plume cross-section of a Pulsed Plasma Thruster
<p><strong>Data from: Time-varying reconstruction of the plume cross-section of a Pulsed Plasma Thruster</strong></p> <ul> <li>Authors: Scherezade Barquero, Jaume Navarro-Cavallé, Mario Merino</li> <li>Contact email: mbalsera@ing.uc3m.es, scherezadebarquero@gmail.com</li> <li>Date: 2024-09-20</li> <li>Keywords: plasma diagnostics, pulsed plasma thrusters, transient plume, divergence angle.</li> <li>Version: 1.1</li> <li>License: This dataset is made available under the <a href="http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/1.0">Open Data Commons Attribution License</a></li> </ul> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>The dataset in this repository contains the measured data used in the article "<em>Time-varying reconstruction of the plume cross-section of a Pulsed Plasma Thruster"</em>. The article describes a novel diagnostic system consisting of a grid of electrostatic wire probes working in the ion saturation regime to time-resolve the cross-sectional expansion of the exhaust of unsteady electric thrusters. This experimental technique is used to characterize the exhaust of a small ablative pulsed plasma thruster (PPT) fed with polytetrafluoroethylene. The 2D ion current distribution is reconstructed from the probe data using a variable separation algorithm and least squares. The PPT, operated at 1000 V of discharge voltage and 6 μF, exhibits three separate ion groups, with the second one carrying the major part of the ion current. The ion beam is single-peaked in the direction perpendicular to the electrodes, while in the direction parallel to them it is more outspread and shows two peaks. Asymmetries are present in the time-varying plume, showing a small deviation of the current towards the cathode and one of the lateral sides of the channel.</p> <p>For information on the experimental setup please refer to the article. The provided data presents, for the whole exhaust cross-section:</p> <p>1) the current measurements from each grid probe, showing the mean and standard deviation over multiple firings, and</p> <p>2) the reconstructed time-varying current density distribution, according to the algorithm presented in the article.</p> <p><strong>Data Files</strong></p> <p>1) The current measurements are uploaded in MATLAB MAT-file format (SBarquero_et_al_EP2_PPTPlume_cross_section_ZENODO_database.mat), organized in a MATLAB structure named: <em>SBarquero_PPTplume_cross_section_dataset. </em>The structure above 5 fields, with 4 of those correspondingly refering to the four frame positionings to scan the exhaust cross section, and another one (t) referring to the time vector applying to any measurement.</p> <p><em> t: [0 1.0000e-08 2.0000e-08 3.0000e-08 … ]<br> positionRB: [1×1 struct] (RIGHT-BOTTOM frame position)<br> positionLB: [1×1 struct] (LEFT-BOTTOM frame position)<br> positionRT: [1×1 struct] (RIGHT-TOP frame position)<br> positionLT: [1×1 struct] (LEFT-TOPframe position)</em></p> <p>Each one of the 4 current-measurement fields are structures. Each includes the frame position horizontal and vertical measurements as subfields, which are arranged as structures too. The <em>"H" (</em>or<em> "V") </em>field contains the time-series means and standard deviation of each probe, again as fields and structures. Example:</p> <p><em>SBarquero_PPTplume_cross_section_dataset.positionLT:</em></p> <p><em> H: [1×1 struct]</em><br><em> V: [1×1 struct]</em></p> <p><em>with SBarquero_PPTplume_cross_section_dataset.positionLT.H:</em></p> <p><em> means: [1×1 struct]</em><br><em> stddev: [1×1 struct]</em></p> <p>Finally, <em>SBarquero_PPTplume_cross_section_dataset.positionLT.H.means </em>(or V.means) is a structure with fields referring to each one of the probes. At each frame position, "<em>plus0"</em> refers to the central "cross-hair" location x=0 (or y=0 when dealing with vertical measurements), and "<em>plusX"</em> corresponds to a probe location belonging to the same frame position but offset by X cm from the central probe location. </p> <p> <em> plus0: [0.1769 0.3878 0.5440 0.6423 0.6839 0.6742 … ]</em><br><em> plus2: [-2.2552 -1.5866 -0.9009 -0.2333 0.3846 … ]</em><br><em> plus4: [-0.0684 -0.0346 -0.0147 -0.0079 -0.0124 … ]</em><br><em> plus6: [-0.8000 -1.8070 -1.9400 -0.0455 0.3500 … ]</em><br><em> plus8: [-1.8562 -2.0107 -2.1030 -2.1101 -2.0131 … ]</em><br><em> plus10: [-1.3708 -1.2773 -1.1413 -0.9649 -0.7522 … ]</em><br><em> plus12: [-0.0067 0.1060 0.1901 0.2413 0.2581 0.2425 … ]</em><br><em> plus14: [0.1938 0.1278 0.0455 -0.0485 -0.1481 … ]</em></p> <p>and, analogously, SBarquero_PPTplume_cross_section_dataset.positionLT.H.stddev:</p> <p> <em> plus0: [2.3997 2.2704 2.1173 1.9504 1.7827 1.6282 … ]</em><br><em> plus2: [1.5536 1.2657 0.9482 0.6273 0.3617 0.3325 … ]</em><br><em> plus4: [1.1218 1.0517 0.9672 0.8744 0.7802 0.6914 … ]</em><br><em> plus8: [0.4335 0.4450 0.5267 0.6799 0.8786 1.0941 … ]</em><br><em> plus10: [1.0087 1.0744 1.1487 1.2231 1.2897 1.3421 … ]</em><br><em> plus12: [1.5607 1.4330 1.2918 1.1496 1.0203 0.9173 … ]</em><br><em> plus14: [2.1748 2.1797 2.2589 2.3865 2.5313 2.6661 … ]</em></p> <p>2) The time-varying current density distribution is uploaded trhough a video-file named <em>SBarquero_et_al_EP2_PPTPlume_cross_section_ZENODO_jdistribution.avi</em></p> <p><strong>Citation</strong></p> <p>Any works using this dataset or any part of it in any form shall cite it as follows:</p> <ul> <li>The preferred means of citation is to reference the publication associated with the article: "<em>Time-varying reconstruction of the plume cross-section of a Pulsed Plasma Thruster</em>" (currently under review)</li> <li>Optionally the dataset can be cited by referencing the corresponding DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13820946.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong></p> <p>This work was been supported by the MARTINLARA project, funded by the Comunidad de Madrid, under Grant reference P2018/NMT-4333 MARTINLARA-CM. Additional support came from the ADAPT project, funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Spanish National Research Agency).</p>
Dataset of Semiconductor WO3 Thin Films Deposited by Pulsed Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
<p>A detailed description of the files related to each image with graphs is included in README.pdf and README.txt. All data were measured and calculated as outlined in the manuscript, with no additional non-standard data filtering applied. Measurement errors are indicated in the graphs and discussed in the manuscript, with references provided.</p>
ramp-pulse-zebrafish-heart
<p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p>This dataset contains the raw data used in publication [1]. It features image series of the beating heart of a 48 hours post fertilization old Tg(actb2:LIFEACT-RFP) [2] transgenic zebrafish. Tg(actb2:LIFEACT-RFP) express red fluorescent proteins that bind to F-actin fibers. The images were acquired on an OpenSPIM microscope with an UMPLFLN 20XW semi-apochromat water dipping objective lens. The temporal illumination pattern alternated between ramp-illumination and pulse-illumination for each of the 100 frames of the series (ramp, pulse, ramp, pulse, etc., see [1]). The camera exposure time of each frame was 70ms, the pulse duration was 4ms (see [1] for details on the ramp characteristics).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>[1] O. Mariani, F. Marelli, C. Jaques, A. Ernst, M. Liebling, "Unequivocal cardiac phase sorting from alternating ramp- and pulse- illuminated microscopy image sequences", IEEE 18th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI), 13-16 April 2021, in press</p> <p>[2] <a href="https://zfin.org/ZDB-TGCONSTRCT-130206-2">https://zfin.org/ZDB-TGCONSTRCT-130206-2</a></p>
Narwhals react to ship noise and airgun pulses embedded in background noise
<p>Anthropogenic activities are increasing in the Arctic posing a threat to species with high seasonal site-fidelity, such as the narwhal Monodon monoceros. In this controlled sound exposure study, six narwhals were live-captured and instrumented with animal-borne tags providing movement and behavioural data, and exposed to concurrent ship noise and airgun pulses. All narwhals reacted to sound exposure by reduced buzzing rates, where the response was dependent on the magnitude of exposure defined as 1/distance to ship. Halving of buzzing rate, compared with undisturbed behaviour, and cessation of foraging occurred at 12 and ~7-8 km from the ship, respectively. The effect of exposure could be detected > 40 km from the ship. At distances > 5 km, the received high-frequency cetacean weighted sound exposure levels were below background noise indicating sensitivity of narwhals towards sound disturbance and demonstrating their ability to detect signals embedded in noise. Further studies are needed to evaluate the energetic costs of disrupted foraging due to sustained disturbance but the observed sensitivity should be considered in the management of anthropogenic activities in the Arctic. The results of this study emphasize the importance of controlled sound exposure studies in the wild to explore the auditory capabilities of odontocetes.</p>
Raw data repository for the article: "High spatial coherence and short pulse duration revealed by the Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometry at the European XFEL"
<p>Raw data depository for the article in the Structural Dynamics journal: DOI: 10.1063/4.0000127. Details with the file information are given in the file "HBT_XFEL_Data_set_Info_final.pdf"</p>
Figure 8 in The influence of flood pulses on the reproductive strategy of two species of passalid beetle in the fluvial archipelago of Anavilhanas, Amazon, Brazil
Figure 8. Monthly abundance of larvae of Passalus punctiger in the different developmental stages for the period between April 1996 and March 1997 at the ecological station of Anavilhanas, Novo Airão, Amazonas State. Notes: Spotted line, first instar; black line, second instar; white line, third instar.
Figure 7 in The influence of flood pulses on the reproductive strategy of two species of passalid beetle in the fluvial archipelago of Anavilhanas, Amazon, Brazil
Figure 7. Analysis using Pearson's correlation coefficient to test for a relationship between the pluviometric index and the number of larvae of Passalus punctiger between April 1996 and March 1997 at the ecological station of Anavilhanas, Novo Airão, Amazonas State.
Figure 6 in The influence of flood pulses on the reproductive strategy of two species of passalid beetle in the fluvial archipelago of Anavilhanas, Amazon, Brazil
Figure 6. Analysis using Pearson's correlation coefficient to test for a relationship between the water level of the Negro River and the number of larvae of Passalus punctiger between April 1996 and March 1997 at the ecological station of Anavilhanas, Novo Airão, Amazonas State.
Figure 5 in The influence of flood pulses on the reproductive strategy of two species of passalid beetle in the fluvial archipelago of Anavilhanas, Amazon, Brazil
Figure 5. Variation in the water level of the Negro River plotted against the monthly abundance of larvae of Passalus punctiger at the ecological station of Anavilhanas, Novo Airão, Amazonas State, between April 1996 and March 1997. Notes: Line, abundance of larvae; columns, average level (m).
Figure 4 in The influence of flood pulses on the reproductive strategy of two species of passalid beetle in the fluvial archipelago of Anavilhanas, Amazon, Brazil
Figure 4. Monthly abundance of larvae of Passalus abortivus in the different developmental stages collected between April 1996 and March 1997 at the ecological station of Anavilhanas, Novo Airão, Amazonas State. Notes: Spotted line, first instar; black line, second instar; white line, third instar.
Figure 1 in The influence of flood pulses on the reproductive strategy of two species of passalid beetle in the fluvial archipelago of Anavilhanas, Amazon, Brazil
Figure 1. Variation in the water level of the Negro River plotted against the monthly abundance of larvae of Passalus abortivus collected between April 1996 and March 1997 from 10 islands on the alluvial plain, which is periodically inundated, at the ecological station of Anavilhanas, Novo Airão, Amazonas State, Brazil. Notes: Line, abundance of larvae; columns, average level (m).
Figure 3 in The influence of flood pulses on the reproductive strategy of two species of passalid beetle in the fluvial archipelago of Anavilhanas, Amazon, Brazil
Figure 3. Analysis using Pearson's correlation coefficient to test for a relationship between the pluviometric index and the number of larvae of Passalus abortivus between April 1996 and March 1997 at the ecological station of Anavilhanas, Novo Airão, Amazonas State.
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