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1,288 results for “threatened”
A chromosome-scale high-contiguity genome assembly of the threatened cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)
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Lost mutualisms: seed dispersal by Sumatran rhinos, the world’s most threatened megafauna
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Insights from the timber rattlesnake (<em>Crotalus horridus</em>) genome for MHC gene architecture and evolution in threatened rattlesnakes
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Wildfires increasingly threaten oil and gas wells in the western United States with disproportionate impacts on marginalized populations
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Summer aridity rather than management shapes fitness-related functional traits of the threatened mountain plant Arnica montana
<p>Semi-natural mountain grasslands are increasingly exposed to environmental stress under climate change. However, which are the environmental factors that limit plants in these grasslands? Also, is the present management effective against these changes? Fitness-related functional traits may offer a way to detect changes in performance and provide new insights into their vulnerability to climate change. We investigated changes in performance and variability of functional traits of the mountain grassland target species <em>Arnica montana</em> along a climate gradient in Central German low mountain ranges. This gradient represents at its lower end climate conditions that are expected at its upper end under future climate change. We measured vegetative, generative and physiological traits to account for multiple ways of plant response to the environment. Using mixed effects and multivariate models, we evaluated changes in trait values among individuals as well as the variability of their populations in order to assess performance under changing summer aridity and different management regimes.</p> <p>Fitness-related performance of most traits showed strongly positive associations with reduced summer aridity at higher elevations, while only specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content showed no association. This suggests a higher performance level at less arid montane sites and that the physiological traits are less sensitive to this climate change factor. The coefficient of variation of almost all traits declined steadily with decreasing site aridity. We suggest that this reduced variability indicates a lower environmental stress level for <em>A. montana</em> towards its environmental optimum at montane elevations, especially because the trait performance increased simultaneously. Surprisingly, management factors and habitat characteristics had only low influence on both trait performance and variability. In summary, summer aridity had a stronger effect to shape the trait performance and variability of <em>A. montana</em> under increased environmental stress than management and other habitat characteristics.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Description of the larva of Catadromus lacordairei Boisduval, 1835 (Coleoptera: Carabidae), a threatened carabid, from Tasmania, Australia
FIGURE 1. Third instar larva of Catadromus lacordairei. A) Larva; B) Head capsule, dorsal; C) Head capsule, ventral.
FIGURE 2. A in Description of the larva of Catadromus lacordairei Boisduval, 1835 (Coleoptera: Carabidae), a threatened carabid, from Tasmania, Australia
FIGURE 2. A) Frontale; A(i) Nasale of specimen 2; B) Mandible, left, ventral aspect; C, D) Maxilla, left, dorsal and ventral respectively; E) Antenna, right; F,G) Labium, dorsal and ventral respectively.
FIGURES 26–29 in Myopa nebulosa sp. nov. and Myopa bozinovici sp. nov. (Diptera: Conopidae): New thick-headed flies from a threatened biodiversity hotspot in central Chile
FIGURES 26–29. Myopa fenestrata Coquillet, type. (26) Lateral view. (27) Dorsal view. (28) Frontal view. (29) Labels. Black bars represent 1 mm [Photos: Torsten Dikow (USNM)].
FIGURES 17–20 in Myopa nebulosa sp. nov. and Myopa bozinovici sp. nov. (Diptera: Conopidae): New thick-headed flies from a threatened biodiversity hotspot in central Chile
FIGURES 17–20. Myopa metallica Camras. (17) Lateral view (Carrizalillo, male). Scale bar = 1 mm. (18) In situ specimen, lateral view, Tal Tal (Photo: Maritza Zamora Gómez). (19) In situ specimen, dorsal view, Llanos de Challe. (20) In situ specimen, frontal view, Llanos de Challe [Photos 19 and 20: Gabriela Germain Fonck].
FIGURES 10–16 in Myopa nebulosa sp. nov. and Myopa bozinovici sp. nov. (Diptera: Conopidae): New thick-headed flies from a threatened biodiversity hotspot in central Chile
FIGURES 10–16. Myopa bozinovici sp. nov. (10) Lateral view of head (Fundo El Manzano, female). (11) Lateral view of thorax (Fundo El Manzano, female). (12) Ventro-lateral view of female genitalia. (13) Ventral view of female genitalia. (14) Lateral view of female genitalia. (15) Lateral view of female abdomen. (16) In situ from El Manzano, Cajón del Maipo (photo: Rodrigo Barahona-Segovia). Scale bars = 500 μm (Figs 12–14); scale bars = 1 mm (all other figures).
FIGURES 7–9 in Myopa nebulosa sp. nov. and Myopa bozinovici sp. nov. (Diptera: Conopidae): New thick-headed flies from a threatened biodiversity hotspot in central Chile
FIGURES 7–9. Myopa nebulosa sp. nov. (7) Dorsal view of male genitalia. (8) Ventral view of male genitalia. (9) Lateral view of abdomen of female. Abbreviations: cerci = cercus; epand = epandrium; hypd arm = hypandrial arm; hyp = hypoproct; hypd = hypandrium; hyprct = hypoproct; phapod = phallapodeme; pos sur = posterior surstyli; syntrgst 7+8 = syntergosternite 7+8. Scale bar = 500 μm (Figs 7, 8); scale bar = 1 mm (Fig. 9).
FIGURE 21 in Myopa nebulosa sp. nov. and Myopa bozinovici sp. nov. (Diptera: Conopidae): New thick-headed flies from a threatened biodiversity hotspot in central Chile
FIGURE 21. Distribution of Chilean Myopa species: Myopa nebulosa sp. nov. (black triangles), Myopa bozinovici sp. nov. (red squares) and Myopa metallica (blue circles).
FIGURES 1–2 in Myopa nebulosa sp. nov. and Myopa bozinovici sp. nov. (Diptera: Conopidae): New thick-headed flies from a threatened biodiversity hotspot in central Chile
FIGURES 1–2. Lateral view of new Myopa species. (1) Myopa nebulosa sp. nov. (Rio Teno, Curicó, male). (2) Myopa bozinovici sp. nov. (Fundo El Manzano, female). Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURES 3–6 in Myopa nebulosa sp. nov. and Myopa bozinovici sp. nov. (Diptera: Conopidae): New thick-headed flies from a threatened biodiversity hotspot in central Chile
FIGURES 3–6. Myopa nebulosa sp. nov. (3) Lateral view of head (Rio Teno, Curicó, male). (4) Lateral view of thorax (Rio Teno, Curicó, male). (5) Dorsal view (Rio Teno, Curicó, male). (6) Color variability (Rio Teno, Curicó, male). Scale bars = 1 mm.
Data from: Filling knowledge gaps in a threatened shorebird flyway through satellite tracking
1. Satellite-based technologies that track individual animal movements enable the mapping of their spatial and temporal patterns of occurrence. This is particularly useful in poorly studied or remote regions where there is a need for the rapid gathering of relevant ecological knowledge to inform management actions. One such region is East Asia, where many intertidal habitats are being degraded at unprecedented rates and shorebird populations relying on these habitats show rapid declines. 2. We examine the utility of satellite tracking to accelerate the identification of coastal sites of conservation importance in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. In 2015–2017 we used solar-powered satellite transmitters to track the migration of 32 great knots (Calidris tenuirostris), an 'Endangered' shorebird species widely distributed in the Flyway and fully dependent on intertidal habitats for foraging during the non-breeding season. 3. From the great knot tracks, a total of 92 stopping sites along the Flyway were identified. Surprisingly, 63% of these sites were not known as important shorebird sites before our study; in fact, every one of the tracked individuals used sites that were previously unrecognized. 4. Site knowledge from on-ground studies in the Flyway is most complete for the Yellow Sea and generally lacking for Southeast Asia, Southern China, and Eastern Russia. 5. Policy implications: Satellite tracking highlighted coastal habitats that are potentially important for shorebirds but lack ecological information and conservation recognition, such as those in Southern China and Southeast Asia. At the same time, the distributional data of tracked individuals can direct on-ground surveys at the lesser-known sites to collect information on bird numbers and habitat characteristics. To recognize and subsequently protect valuable coastal habitats, filling knowledge gaps by integrating bird tracking with ground-based methods should be prioritized.19-Jun-2019
Data from: Anthropogenic disturbance and rainfall variation threaten the stability of plant‐ant interactions in the Brazilian Caatinga
Climate change is projected to exacerbate the effects of anthropogenic disturbance, with negative impacts on ecosystem stability and functioning. We evaluate the additive and combined effects of chronic anthropogenic disturbance (CAD) and rainfall variation on the temporal stability of mutualistic EFN‐bearing plant‐ant networks in a Caatinga dry forest. We evaluated whether changes in the stability of these interactions are driven by changes in the stability of the communities of partners involved and/or in ant behavior. We sampled EFN‐bearing plant‐ant networks in sixteen 20m×20m plots distributed across CAD and rainfall gradients. The stability of EFN‐bearing plant and attendant‐ant communities were measured as the inverse of temporal differences in their community structure and composition. We also computed the stability of EFN‐bearing plant‐ant networks by measuring the inverse of temporal differences in network specialization metrics. We found that, in general, the structure and composition of plant and ant interacting communities were similarly stable along both environmental gradients. Only CAD and its interaction with rainfall affected the temporal stability of EFN‐bearing plant diversity, which declined as CAD increased, with a more pronounced relationship in wetter areas. However, variation in levels of CAD and, to a lesser extent, rainfall greatly modulated the stability of EFN‐bearing plant‐ant network specialization. CAD reduced the stability of network generality (specialization at the ant level), an effect that was much stronger in wetter areas. Meanwhile, the stability in network vulnerability (specialization at the plant level) decreased with the increase of CAD and the decrease of rainfall levels. Finally, there was a trend of decreasing stability in specialization of the overall network with increasing CAD. Our results suggest that changes in the structure of interaction networks are mainly driven by a switch in ant behavior rather than by changes in the structure and composition of plant and ant communities between years.
Collateral benefits of targeted supplementary feeding on demography and growth rate of a threatened population
<p>1. Effective evidence-based conservation requires full quantification of the impacts of targeted management interventions on focal populations. Such impacts may extend beyond target individuals to also affect demographic rates of non-target conspecifics (e.g. different age classes). However, such collateral (i.e. unplanned) impacts are rarely evaluated, despite their potential to substantially alter conservation outcomes. Subsequent management decisions may then be poorly informed or erroneous.</p> <p>2. We used 15 years of individual-based demographic data in a "before-after control-impact" (BACI) analysis to quantify collateral demographic impacts of a targeted multi-year supplementary feeding programme designed to increase sub-adult survival and hence viability of a small, threatened red-billed chough (<i>Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax</i>) population. Specifically, we assessed whether the intervention also affected adult survival and reproductive success, and whether such collateral effects were themselves sufficient to stabilise population size and hence achieve short-term conservation aims.</p> <p>3. The probabilities of adult survival and successful reproduction increased substantially between the "before-feeding" and "during-feeding" periods in those choughs associated with supplementary feeding, but not otherwise. Overall breeding success (i.e. number of chicks fledged per occupied territory) also tended to increase, even though brood sizes did not increase. These relationships, which were detectible only through BACI analyses, suggest that supplementary feeding targeted at sub-adults had unplanned positive impacts on adult demographic rates.</p> <p>4. Deterministic matrix models designed to project population growth demonstrate that these estimated collateral effects were sufficient to make a substantial contribution to increasing population growth rate and achieving short-term population stability.</p> <p>5. Synthesis and applications. Our results indicate substantial positive collateral impacts of a targeted supplementary feeding intervention on population viability, despite no <i>a priori</i> expectation that the non-target adults were food-limited. This case-study illustrates how thorough assessment of collateral impacts of targeted interventions can affect assessment of short-term efficacy and reveal new opportunities for future interventions, thereby informing subsequent management decisions.</p>
Data from: Topographic ruggedness and rainfall mediate geographic range contraction of a threatened marsupial predator
Aim: Species range contractions are increasingly common globally. The niche reduction hypothesis posits that geographic range contractions are often patterned across space owing to heterogeneity in threat impacts and tolerance. We applied the niche reduction hypothesis to the decline of a threatened marsupial predator across northern Australia, the northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus). Location: Northern Australia Methods: We assembled a data base containing 3178 historic and contemporary records for northern quolls across the extent of their distribution dating between 1770 and 2019. Based on these records, we estimated changes in the geographic range of the northern quoll using α-hulls across four main populations. We then examined how range contractions related to factors likely to mediate the exposure, susceptibility, or tolerance of northern quolls to threats. Result: The extent of range contractions showed an east-west gradient, most likely reflecting the timing of spread of introduced cane toads (Rhinella marina). There were clear changes in environmental characteristics within the contemporary compared to the historic geographic range, with the most substantial occurring in populations that have suffered the greatest range contractions. The contemporary range is comprised of higher quality habitats (measured using environmental niche models), characterized by higher topographical ruggedness and annual rainfall, and reduced distance to water, compared to the historic range. Main conclusions: Changes to range and niche likely reflect the capacity of complex habitats to ameliorate threats (namely predation and altered fire regimes), and access to resources that increase threat tolerance. This study highlights the multivariate nature of ecological refuges, and the importance of high-quality habitats for the persistence of species exposed to multiple threats. Our methods provide a useful framework which can be applied across taxa in providing valuable insight to management.
Polygenic basis for adaptive morphological variation in a threatened Aotearoa | New Zealand bird, the hihi (Notiomystis cincta)
<p>To predict if a threatened species can adapt to changing selective pressures, it is crucial to understand the genetic basis of adaptive traits, especially in species historically affected by severe bottlenecks. We estimated the heritability of three hihi (<em>Notiomystis cincta</em>) morphological traits known to be under selection: nestling tarsus length, body mass and head-bill length, using 523 individuals and 39,699 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a 50K Affymetrix SNP chip. We then examined the genetic architecture of the traits via chromosome partitioning analyses and genome-wide association scans (GWAS). Heritabilities estimated using pedigree relatedness or genomic relatedness were low. For tarsus length, the proportion of genetic variance explained by each chromosome was positively correlated with its size, and more than one chromosome explained significant variation for body mass and head-bill length. Finally, GWAS analyses suggested many loci of small effect contributing to trait variation for all three traits, although one locus (a SNP within an intron of the transcription factor HEY2) was tentatively associated with tarsus length. Our findings suggest a polygenic nature for the morphological traits, with many small effect size loci contributing to the majority of the variation, similar to results from many other wild populations. However, the small effective population size, polygenic architecture and already low heritabilities suggest that both the total response and rate of response to selection are likely to be limited in hihi.</p>
Newly discovered cichlid fish biodiversity threatened by hybridization with non-native species - Data supporting published version
<p><span><a name="_Hlk503794553"><span>Invasive freshwater fish systems are known to readily hybridize with indigenous congeneric species, driving loss of unique and irreplaceable genetic resources. Here we reveal that newly discovered (2013-2016) evolutionarily significant populations of Korogwe tilapia (<i>Oreochromis korogwe</i>) from southern Tanzania are threatened by hybridization with the larger invasive Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>). We use a combination of morphology, microsatellite allele frequencies and whole genome sequences to show that <i>O. korogwe</i> from southern lakes (Nambawala, Rutamba and Mitupa) are distinct from geographically-disjunct populations in northern Tanzania (Zigi River and Mlingano Dam). We also provide genetic evidence of <i>O. korogwe</i> x <i>niloticus</i> hybrids in three southern lakes and </span></a><span>demonstrate heterogeneity in the extent of admixture across the genome. Finally, using the least admixed genomic regions we estimate that the northern and southern <i>O. korogwe</i> populations most plausibly diverged approximately 140,000 years ago, suggesting that the geographical separation of the northern and southern groups is not a result of a recent translocation, and instead these populations represent independent evolutionarily significant units. We conclude that these newly-discovered and phenotypically unique </span><span>cichlid populations are already threatened by hybridization with an invasive species, and propose that these irreplaceable genetic resources would benefit from conservation interventions.</span></span></p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.