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Fig. 4 in Three new species of Kynotus from the Central Highlands of Madagascar (Clitellata, Megadrili)

Fig. 4. Kynotus voimmanus sp. nov. A. Setal arrangement, a, b, c, d representing setal lines. B. Spermathecae (13/14) schematic representation. C. Genital seta. D. Tip of the genital seta. Scale bars: C = 0.6 mm; D = 0.1 mm.

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Fig. 5 in Three new species of Kynotus from the Central Highlands of Madagascar (Clitellata, Megadrili)

Fig. 5. Bayesian inference tree of some species of Kynotus Michaelsen, 1891 using COI sequences. Numbers above branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities, below branches ML bootstrap supports. Values lower than 80% are not shown.

Fig 4 in A mountain of millipedes III: A new genus for three new species from the Udzungwa Mountains and surroundings, Tanzania, as well as several 'orphaned' species previously assigned to Odontopyge Brandt, 1841 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig 4. Geotypodon millemanus gen. et sp. nov., paratype from Kiranzi-Kitungulu FR. A–E: Right gonopod. A. Posterior view. B. Anterior view, telomere in red oval. C. (Posterior-)mesal view, solenomere (yellow) and proximal telomeral spine (green) coloured. D. (Anterior-)mesal view. E. Telomere (part of coxa at lower left), basal (dorsal) view. F. Limbus. Abbreviations: atl = anterior distal lobe of telomere; bl = basal lamella of telomere; itl = intermediate distal lamella of telomere; ll = longitudinal lamella; mf = anteriad metaplical flange; mla = metaplical lamella; mp = metaplica; msp = metaplical spine-like process; pn = posttorsal narrowing; pp = proplica; ptl = posterior distal lobe of telomere; pts = proximal telomeral spine; slm = solenomere; tt = torsotope. Scales: A–E = 0.1 mm, F = 0.01 mm.

Fig. 1 in A mountain of millipedes III: A new genus for three new species from the Udzungwa Mountains and surroundings, Tanzania, as well as several 'orphaned' species previously assigned to Odontopyge Brandt, 1841 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 1. Map of the Udzungwa Mountains, showing the collecting sites for the three new Geotypodon species, as well as names of the Forest Reserves in question and names of individual mountains in West Kilombero FR. Red diamonds = G. millemanus gen. et sp. nov., yellow dot: G. submontanus gen. et sp. nov., blue triangle: G. iringensis gen. et sp. nov. Based on fig. 1 in Marshall et al. (2010) and information in Doody et al. (2001).

Fig. 2 in A mountain of millipedes III: A new genus for three new species from the Udzungwa Mountains and surroundings, Tanzania, as well as several 'orphaned' species previously assigned to Odontopyge Brandt, 1841 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 2. Geotypodon millemanus gen. et sp. nov., paratype from West Kilombero Scarp FR after nine years in alcohol. Photograph by N. Ioannou.

Fig. 3 in A mountain of millipedes III: A new genus for three new species from the Udzungwa Mountains and surroundings, Tanzania, as well as several 'orphaned' species previously assigned to Odontopyge Brandt, 1841 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 3. Body size of males of Geotypodon spp. Bold symbols indicate numbers of podous rings and midbody vertical diameter of the new species described here. Small circles and shaded areas indicate published measurements for other Geotypodon species.

Fig. 5 in A mountain of millipedes III: A new genus for three new species from the Udzungwa Mountains and surroundings, Tanzania, as well as several 'orphaned' species previously assigned to Odontopyge Brandt, 1841 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 5. Geotypodon submontanus gen. et sp. nov., holotype. A–E. Left gonopod. A. Anterior view. B. Posterior view. C. Apical part of coxa and proximal part of telopodite, anterior view. D. (Anterior-) mesal view. E. Posterior distal lobe of telomere; insertion highlights spine-like process. F. Limbus. Abbreviations: atl = anterior distal lobe of telomere; itl = intermediate distal lamella of telomere; ll = longitudinal lamella; mla = metaplical lamella; msp = metaplical spine-like process; ptl = posterior distal

Fig. 6 in A mountain of millipedes III: A new genus for three new species from the Udzungwa Mountains and surroundings, Tanzania, as well as several 'orphaned' species previously assigned to Odontopyge Brandt, 1841 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Fig. 6. Geotypodon iringensis gen. et sp. nov. A–D. Holotype, left gonopod. A. Anterior view. B. Posterior view. C. Mesal-ventral view. D. Telomere and solenomere, basal (dorsal) view. — E. Paratype, limbus. Abbreviations: atl = anterior distal lobe of telomere, bl = basal lamella of telomere, cx = coxa (seen from the basis, with remains of muscles); itl = intermediate distal lamella of telomere; lc = lateral concavity of coxa; lfl = longitudinally folded lamella; mf = anteriad metaplical flange; mp = metaplica; msp = metaplical spine-like process; pn = posttorsal narrowing; pp = proplica; ptl = posterior distal lobe of telomere; pts = proximal telomeral spine; slm = solenomere; tl = terminal lobe of telomere; tt = torsotope. Scales: A–D = 0.2 mm, E = 0.01 mm.

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Fig. 4 in Three new species and new records of African Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera, Silvanidae)

Fig. 4. Psammoecus procerus sp. nov., holotype. A. Habitus. B. Head. C. Pronotum. D. Right antenna. E–G. Aedeagus (E = ventral, F = lateral, G = dorsal view). Scale lines: A = 1.0 mm, B–G = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 12 in On Kincaidiana Altman, 1936 and Guestphalinus Michaelsen, 1933 (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), with the descriptions of three new species

Fig. 12. Guestphalinus elephantinus Fend & Rodriguez sp. nov. A–B (upper) from Clearwater River, WA; C, H, K from Shale Creek, WA (type locality); D–E from Satsop River, WA; B (lower), F–G, N–Q from Guadalupe Creek, CA; I–J, L–M from Peavine Ridge, OR. A. Anterior end of cleared worm. B. Chaetae in II-III, comparing worms from northern (upper) and southern (lower) populations. C. Dorsal chaetae in II. D. The outer chaeta in II, showing the "secondary nodulus". E–F. Inner dorsal chaeta in II; E shows folded keel. G. Modified dorsal chaetae in II. H. Posterior ventral chaeta. I. Posterior ventral chaeta with bifid tip. J. Transverse section of anterior segment, showing lobes of pharyngeal glands. K. Body wall in anterior segment. L. Spermathecal pore. M. Male pore. N. Ectal part of spermatheca from a dissected, mated worm. O. Expanded atrial duct (type 2 penis?) at male pore. P. Copulatory gland. Q. Female funnel and pore on intersegment 10/11. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–I, K–M = 50 µm; J, N–Q = 100 µm.

Fig. 13 in On Kincaidiana Altman, 1936 and Guestphalinus Michaelsen, 1933 (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), with the descriptions of three new species

Fig. 13. BA consensus tree derived from the concatenated sequences of COI, 16S rRNA and 28S rRNA genes. Numbers beside internal branches indicate BA posterior probabilities (≥ 0.90) and ML bootstrap values (≥ 70%). The geographical location for two specimens of K. hexatheca Altman, 1936 is given under the taxon name.

Fig. 11 in On Kincaidiana Altman, 1936 and Guestphalinus Michaelsen, 1933 (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), with the descriptions of three new species

Fig. 11. Guestphalinus elephantinus Fend & Rodriguez sp. nov. A. Ventral view of two worms from Shale Creek, WA (type locality); upper drawing is the holotype, lower is a post-reproductive worm. B. Ventral view of segment IX, showing genital field of a mature worm from Guadalupe Creek, CA; secretory openings of 5 glands are visible, in addition to paired male and spermathecal pores. C. Anterior end, from Peavine Ridge spring, OR, showing position of chaetae in II-IV. D. Anterior end of worm from Middle Fork Satsop River, WA. E. Reproductive organs of a mated worm from Shale Creek (holotype). F. Segment IX of an unmated worm, Peavine Ridge. G. Atrium and spermatheca in IX of a mated, but slightly post-mature worm from Clearwater River, WA; sperm present in spermatheca, but atrium is reduced in size. H. Reproductive organs in segments VIII–XII of a mated, mature worm from Guadalupe Creek, CA.

Fig. 7 in On Kincaidiana Altman, 1936 and Guestphalinus Michaelsen, 1933 (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), with the descriptions of three new species

Fig. 7. Guestphalinus exilis Fend & Rodriguez sp. nov., external characters. A–C, E–G from Squaw Creek, CA (the type locality); D, H from South Fork Eel River, CA; I from Stony Creek, CA. A–B. Ventral views of two worms, showing positions of genital pores: A is partially-mature, with 3 glands opening around male and spermathecal pores; B is from a reproductively-mature worm, dashed line encloses the non-clitellar genital field with 5 glands opening around spermathecal and male pores. C–D. Anterior end, showing orientation of chaetae. E–G. Selected chaetae from typical specimens; G shows relative position of dorsal chaetae in II and III. H–I. Selected chaetae from partially-mature worms. Chaetae are numbered by segment (Roman numerals), followed by "d" (dorsal) or "v" (ventral). Scale bars: A–B = 2 mm; C–D = 1 mm; E–I = 100 Mm.

Fig. 5 in On Kincaidiana Altman, 1936 and Guestphalinus Michaelsen, 1933 (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), with the descriptions of three new species

Fig. 5. Kincaidiana smithi Fend & Rodriguez sp. nov., from the type locality. B–C, I–L, N–O from sagittal sections; D–H, M from dissections. A. Ventral view of an entire worm, stained with hematoxylin, showing positions of genital pores. B. Body wall in segment III, showing longitudinal and transverse muscle layers. C. Nephridial funnel and postseptal expansion. D. Chaetae in V dorsal. E. IV ventral. F–G. Chaetae in posterior segments; (F) is detail of tip, showing slight keel. H. Spermatheca. I. Junction of spermathecal "duct" and "ampulla"; sperm are in the ampullar part. J. Ectal end of spermathecal duct, with sperm lined up along epithelium. K. Spermathecal vestibule and ectal end of duct, with muscular sphincter. L. Atrium with prostate glands. M–N. Penis and male porophore. O. Vas deferens joining atrium near middle. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–C, G, J–L, O = 100 µm; D–F = 50 µm; H–I, M–N = 200 µm.

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Fig. 5. Psammoecus grandis Grouvelle, 1908. A. Right antenna. B. Median lobe. C in Three new species and new records of African Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera, Silvanidae)

Fig. 5. Psammoecus grandis Grouvelle, 1908. A. Right antenna. B. Median lobe. C. Parameres. Scale lines = 0.5 mm.

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Fig. 7. Psammoecus laetulus Grouvelle, 1914 in Three new species and new records of African Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera, Silvanidae)

Fig. 7. Psammoecus laetulus Grouvelle, 1914. Pronotum of specimens from A. Mahe, Seychelles. B. Cape Province, South Africa. C. KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. D. Mpumalanga, South Africa. E–F. Aedeagus of specimen from Mahe, Seychelles (E = dorsal, F = ventral view). G. Aedeagus of specimen from Mpumalanga, South Africa, dorsal view. Scale lines: A–D = 0.5 mm, E–G = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 10 in On Kincaidiana Altman, 1936 and Guestphalinus Michaelsen, 1933 (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), with the descriptions of three new species

Fig. 10. Guestphalinus elephantinus Fend & Rodriguez sp. nov., various sites, arranged approximately north-south; paired chaetae; d = dorsal bundle, v = ventral. A. From Shale Creek, WA (type locality). B–C. From Clearwater River, WA; C shows II and III in relative positions at top. D. West Fork Satsop River, WA. E. Tucannon River, WA; II dorsal bundle with 1 replacement chaeta. F. Euchre Creek, OR. G. Mule Creek at Rogue River, OR; II and III dorsal are shown in relative positions. H. Spring at Peavine Ridge, OR. I–J. A mature and immature worm from Guadalupe Creek, CA; II and III shown in relative positions; XL ventral and C ventral in I have partially-developed replacements; II ventral chaetae partially-developed in J. Scale bars: 100 µm.

Fig. 6 in On Kincaidiana Altman, 1936 and Guestphalinus Michaelsen, 1933 (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), with the descriptions of three new species

Fig. 6. Guestphalinus wiardi (Michaelsen, 1933); A–E a sectioned worm from Slovenia, Hrabě's collection; F–I, a dissected Italian specimen. A. Male duct and spermatheca in IX, reconstructed from sections; pore from a copulatory gland (not shown) opens next to spermathecal pore. B. Atrium and male porophore. C. Copulatory gland. D. Spermathecal pore and duct. E. Anterior male funnel with vas deferens entering pre-atrial segment. F. Posterior ventral chaeta, showing grooved dorsal tooth. G. Reproductive organs in IX-XI, figure rotated to face to right. H. Detail of G, showing position of copulatory gland, from median view. I. Branched lateral blood vessel in posterior segment. Scale bars: A, G–H = 200 Mm; B, E, I = 100 Mm; C–D, F = 50 Mm.

Fig. 2. Kincaidiana hexatheca Altman, 1936 from various sites. A, K–O in On Kincaidiana Altman, 1936 and Guestphalinus Michaelsen, 1933 (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), with the descriptions of three new species

Fig. 2. Kincaidiana hexatheca Altman, 1936 from various sites. A, K–O from the sagittally sectioned lectotype, Loomis Lake, WA; B–C from Hoh River, WA; D from Inglenook Fen, CA; E–I from Big Creek, OR; J from O'Brien, OR. A-I. Tips of chaetae in anterior segments. A. IV ventral. B. VI dorsal. C. V ventral. D. V dorsal. E. IV dorsal. F. V ventral, frontal view. G. V ventral, chaeta with keel folded over. H. Dorsal, posterior segment. I. XV, ventral. J. Transverse section of anterior segment, showing 3-lobed pharyngeal gland. K. Ringed proboscis. L. Body wall in anterior segment, showing bands of circular muscle. M. Spermathecal ampulla, with concentrated sperm. N. Male porophore and penis. O. Atrium, prostate glands and vas deferens. Scale bars: A–I = 50 µm; J, L–O = 200 µm; K = 500 Mm.

Fig. 3. Kincaidiana hexatheca Altman, 1936, reproductive organs. A–B in On Kincaidiana Altman, 1936 and Guestphalinus Michaelsen, 1933 (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), with the descriptions of three new species

Fig. 3. Kincaidiana hexatheca Altman, 1936, reproductive organs. A–B. From Hoh River, WA; (A) segments IX-XI; (B) atrium and spermathecae with expanded ampullae in IX-X. C–D. From Rogue River, OR; (C) reproductive organs in IX-XI from an atypical worm with long atria; (D) atrium and spermatheca in IX, from a typical worm.