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9,937 results for “Endemicity”
FIGURES 149–154. Smeringopus ngangao. 149 in Revision and cladistic analysis of the Afrotropical endemic genus Smeringopus Simon, 1890 (Araneae: Pholcidae)
FIGURES 149–154. Smeringopus ngangao. 149. Left cymbium and procursus, retrolateral view. 150. Left procursus, dorsal view. 151–152. Left embolus, prolatero-dorsal and retrolatero-dorsal views. 153. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 154. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view (Ngangao). Scale lines: 0.2 mm (151–152, 154), 0.3 mm (149–150, 153).
Data from: Hidden island endemic species, and their implications for cryptic speciation within soil arthropods
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Specialisation to the soil environment is expected to constrain the spatial scale of diversification within animal lineages. In this context, the existence of flightless arthropod lineages, adapted to soil environments, but with broad geographic ranges, represent something of an anomaly. Here we investigate the diversification process within one such 'anomalous' soil specialist: <em>Geomitopsis franzi </em>Coiffait, 1978, an eyeless and flightless beetle species strongly adapted to the endogean environment but distributed across several oceanic islands.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Canary Islands</p> <p><strong>Taxon:</strong> <em>Geomitopsis</em> (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We performed an integrative study, including molecular phylogenetics, population genomics, and morphometry. Four DNA regions (two mitochondrial and two nuclear) were amplified and sequenced for 159 specimens from 58 localities sampled across five islands for phylogenetic analyses, and a dated phylogenetic tree was obtained using a mitogenome dataset<em>. </em>ddRAD-seq data was generated to evaluate mtDNA lineages in sympatry against the biological species concept.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> We found high levels of genetic differentiation (>8% COI gene divergence) among populations from different islands and among geographically coherent lineages within single islands. Lineages within Tenerife presented significant patterns of isolation by distance, with ddRAD-seq providing evidence that lineages represent biological species. Morphometric analyses revealed limited variation, with most lineages lacking diagnostic characters.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> <em>Geomitopsis franzi</em> is comprised of at least seven lineages that merit consideration as biological species, and is best considered as a complex of cryptic species. The limited morphological variation across these lineages is consistent with adaptation to the endogean environment placing strong constraints on morphological change. The evolution of cryptic species should be favoured when such constraints are coupled with limited dispersal ability, which characterises <em>G. franzi</em>, and is a trait that broadly characterises the soil mesofauna. We suggest that cryptic species diversity is likely to be a recurrent feature across soil adapted arthropod species with range sizes that appear inconsistent whith a low potential for dispersal.</p>
FIGURES 699–708. Smeringopus thomensis group. S in Revision and cladistic analysis of the Afrotropical endemic genus Smeringopus Simon, 1890 (Araneae: Pholcidae)
FIGURES 699–708. Smeringopus thomensis group. S. thomensis (699–700, 705–706), S. principe (702–704, 707–708), and S. mayombe (701). 699, 701, 703. Males, dorsal views. 700, 702. Male prosomata, oblique frontal views. 704. Female, ventral view. 705–708. Left male palps, prolateral and retrolateral views.
FIGURE 14. Daphnia chevreuxi, adult male from a in A redescription of the Mediterranean endemic cladoceran Daphnia chevreuxi Richard, 1896 (Cladocera: Daphniidae)
FIGURE 14. Daphnia chevreuxi, adult male from a pond, Gorgo di Rebuttone (Altofonte), Sicily, Italy: A, postabdomen. B, its distal portion. C–D, limb I. E, its inner distal lobe. F, distal portion of limb II. G, limb V. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 13 in A redescription of the Mediterranean endemic cladoceran Daphnia chevreuxi Richard, 1896 (Cladocera: Daphniidae)
FIGURE 13. Daphnia chevreuxi, adult male from Gorgo di Rebuttone (Altofonte), Sicily, Italy: A, valve. B, its anterior portion. C–D, its postero-ventral portion. E, antenna I. F, antenna II. Scale bars: 1 mm for A; 0.1 mm for B–F.
FIGURE 12 in A redescription of the Mediterranean endemic cladoceran Daphnia chevreuxi Richard, 1896 (Cladocera: Daphniidae)
FIGURE 12. Daphnia chevreuxi, male from Stagno di C. da Buffali (Nebrodi, Cesarò), Sicily, Italy (A–B, D–E) and "Environs de Bòne", Algeria, sample DGF 0783 (C, F–G): A, adult male, lateral view. B, head. C, dorsal portion of head, lateral view. D, head, dorsal view. E, fornix. F, juvenile male of instar II. G, head, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm for A, F; 0.1 mm for B–E, G.
FIGURE 11 in A redescription of the Mediterranean endemic cladoceran Daphnia chevreuxi Richard, 1896 (Cladocera: Daphniidae)
FIGURE 11. Daphnia chevreuxi, adult male from Stagno di C. da Buffali (Nebrodi, Cesarò), Sicily, Italy: A–B, lateral and latero-ventral view. C. ventral view. D. head. E, postabdomen. F, its distal portion. G, distal portion of antenna I. H, central portion of body, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm for A–C; 0.1 mm for D–F, H; 0.01 mm for G.
FIGURE 7 in A redescription of the Mediterranean endemic cladoceran Daphnia chevreuxi Richard, 1896 (Cladocera: Daphniidae)
FIGURE 7. Daphnia chevreuxi, thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female from Stagno di C. da Buffali (Nebrodi, Cesarò), Sicily, Italy: A, limb III. B. seta 2 of its exopodite. C–D, its inner-distal portion. E, limb IV. F, its inner-distal portion. G, limb V. H, its distal portion. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 5 in A redescription of the Mediterranean endemic cladoceran Daphnia chevreuxi Richard, 1896 (Cladocera: Daphniidae)
FIGURE 5. Daphnia chevreuxi, adult parthenogenetic female from Stagno di C. da Buffali (Nebrodi, Cesarò), Sicily, Italy: A–B, rostrum and antenna I. C–D, antenna II. E–F, coxal portion. G, distal portion of basal segment. Scale bars: 1 mm C; 0.1 mm for A–B, D–G.
FIGURE 3 in A redescription of the Mediterranean endemic cladoceran Daphnia chevreuxi Richard, 1896 (Cladocera: Daphniidae)
FIGURE 3. Daphnia chevreuxi from «Environs de Bòne», sample DGF 0783 (A–F) and «Environs du Bòne, Abreuvoir», sample DGF 0730 (D), Algeria: A–B, large adult parthenogenetic female. C–D, head, lateral view. E, juvenile female, instar I. F, juvenile female. G, ephippium. Scale bars 1 mm.
FIGURE 6 in A redescription of the Mediterranean endemic cladoceran Daphnia chevreuxi Richard, 1896 (Cladocera: Daphniidae)
FIGURE 6. Daphnia chevreuxi, head and thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female from Stagno di C. da Buffali (Nebrodi, Cesarò), Sicily, Italy: A, maxilla I. B–C, limb I. D, its outer distal lobe. E, limb II. F, its gnathobase. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 9 in A redescription of the Mediterranean endemic cladoceran Daphnia chevreuxi Richard, 1896 (Cladocera: Daphniidae)
FIGURE 9. Daphnia chevreuxi, ephippial female from «Environs de Bòne. Abreuvoir», sample DGF 0767, Algeria: A, carapace with ephippium. B–D, ephippium sculpture. Scale bars: 0.1 mm for A–C; 0.01 mm for D.
FIGURE 2 in A redescription of the Mediterranean endemic cladoceran Daphnia chevreuxi Richard, 1896 (Cladocera: Daphniidae)
FIGURE 2. Daphnia chevreuxi, female from Stagno di C. da Buffali (Nebrodi, Cesarò), Sicily, Italy: A–B, adult parthenogenetic female. C, ephippial female. D, head, lateral view. E, head shield, dorsal view. F, fornix. G, juvenile female. Scale bars: 1 mm A–E; 0.1 mm for F–G.
FIGURE 1 in A redescription of the Mediterranean endemic cladoceran Daphnia chevreuxi Richard, 1896 (Cladocera: Daphniidae)
FIGURE 1. Daphnia chevreuxi, adult parthenogenetic female from "Environs de Bòne", Algeria, sample DGF 0783 (A–B) and Stagno di C. da Buffali (Nebrodi, Cesarò), Sicily, Italy (C–G): A, large adult female. B, its head. C, postabdomen. D, abdomen. E, distal portion of postabdomen. F, limb I. G, gnathobase of limb II. H, limb V. Scale bars: 1 mm A; 0.1 mm for B–H.
FIGURES 5–9 in A new species of Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 endemic to the Arabian Peninsula (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Onthophagini)
FIGURES 5–9. Holotype (5-8) and allotype (9) of Onthophagus (Furconthophagus) shaykh Montanaro & Ziani, new species. 5, head in dorsal view; 6, aedeagus in lateral view; 7, parameres in dorsal view; 8, lamella copulatrix; 9, genitalia. Picture(s) 5 by Augusto Degiovanni, 6–9 by Gabriele Fiumi.
FIGURES 10–11. 10 in A new species of Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 endemic to the Arabian Peninsula (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Onthophagini)
FIGURES 10–11. 10, type locality of Onthophagus (Furconthophagus) shaykh Montanaro & Ziani, new species, an urban garden in Sana'a city, Yemen. Picture by Ingo Brunk. 11, known localities of O. (F.) shaykh, new species, type locality in red. Map realized by Maurizio Bollino.
FIGURES 1–4 in A new species of Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 endemic to the Arabian Peninsula (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Onthophagini)
FIGURES 1–4. Onthophagus (Furconthophagus) shaykh Montanaro & Ziani, new species. 1, male (holotype), habitus; 2, female (allotype), habitus; 3, male (holotype), forebody in frontal view; 4, female (allotype), forebody in frontal view. Pictures by Augusto Degiovanni.
Figure 9 in A first comprehensive ecological approach on the highly endemic mygalomorph spider Mecicobothrium thorelli (Araneae: Mecicobothriidae): understanding life history traits to address future conservation issues
Figure 9. Percentage of Mecicobothrium thorelli individuals in each category on the surveyed dates. YJ: young juveniles; OJ: old juveniles; F: females; M: males.
Figure 6 in A first comprehensive ecological approach on the highly endemic mygalomorph spider Mecicobothrium thorelli (Araneae: Mecicobothriidae): understanding life history traits to address future conservation issues
Figure 6. (a) Proportion of juvenile and adult individuals found in small (<35 cm) and large refuges (> 35 cm). (b) Selectivity of Mecicobothrium thorelli for different sizes of refuges. Values above 1, equal to 1, and below 1 indicate positive selectivity, no selectivity, and negative selectivity, respectively.
Figure 5 in A first comprehensive ecological approach on the highly endemic mygalomorph spider Mecicobothrium thorelli (Araneae: Mecicobothriidae): understanding life history traits to address future conservation issues
Figure 5. Individuals' mean temperature, substrate and refuges where they were found on the surveyed dates.
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