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FIGURES 15–20. 15 in New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation
FIGURES 15–20. 15. Craugastor (Campbellius) daryi from 3.8 km E Purulhá, Baja Verapaz, Guatemala. Photo by J. A. Campbell. 16. Craugastor (Craugastor) crassidigitus of the C. fitzingeri Species Group from 14 km N San Isidro del General, San José, Costa Rica. Photo by W. E. Duellman. 17. Craugastor (Craugastor) fitzingeri of the C. fitzingeri Species Group from Barro Colorado Island, Panama, Panama. Photo by W. E. Duellman. 18. Craugastor (Craugastor) andi of the C. melanostictus Species Group from Río Claro, 910 m, Bocas del Toro, Panama. Photo by W. E. Duellman. 19. Craugastor (Craugastor) gollmeri of the C. laticeps Species Series from Cerro Bruja Trail, Panama, Panama. Photo by W. E. Duellman. 20. Craugastor (Craugastor) aphanus of the C. gulosus Species Series from 11.6 km WSW Santo Tomás, Izabal, Guatemala. Photo by J. A. Campbell.
FIGURES 67–72. 67 in New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation
FIGURES 67–72. 67. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) atkinsi of the E. atkinsi Species Group, E. planirostris Species Series, from Golf Course, Guantanamo Bay Naval Station, Cuba. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 68. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) varleyi of the E. gundlachi Species Group, E. planirostris Species Series, from 2 km N La Munición, Guantánamo, Cuba. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 69. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) limbatus of the E. limbatus Species Group, E. planirostris Species Series, from Soroa, Pinar del Rio, Cuba. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 70. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) pezopetrus of the E. pezopetrus Species Group, E. planirostris Species Series, from 1.5 km NE La Cantera, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 71. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) pinarensis of the E. pinarensis Species Group, E. planirostris Species Series, from 12.4 km ESE Playa Girón, Matanzas, Cuba. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 72. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) planirostris of the E. planirostris Species Group, E. planirostris Species Series, from 2.9 km NW Port Maria, St. Mary, Jamaica. Photo by S. B. Hedges.
FIGURES 61–66. 61 in New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation
FIGURES 61–66. 61. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) bakeri of the E. bakeri Species Group, E. oxyrhyncus Species Series, from 11.7 km S and 1.7 km E Marché Léon, Grand'Anse, Haiti. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 62. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) glandulifer of the E. glandulifer Species Group, E. oxyrhyncus Species Series, from south slope of Pic Formon, Sud, Haiti. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 63. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) jugans of the E. jugans Species Group, E. oxyrhyncus Species Series, from 8.0 km NW Sequin, Sud'Est, Haiti. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 64. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) oxyrhyncus of the E. oxyrhyncus Species Group, E. oxyrhyncus Species Series, from 1.5 km S Castillon, Grand'Anse, Haiti. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 65. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) paulsoni of the E. paulsoni Species Group, E. oxyrhyncus Species Series, from 5.8 km S Pestel, Grand'Anse, Haiti. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 66. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) rufifemoralis of the E. rufifemoralis Species Group, E. oxyrhyncus Species Series, from 2 km S Tejunde, Barahona, Dominican Republic. Photo by S. B. Hedges).
FIGURES 59–60. 59 in New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation
FIGURES 59–60. 59. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) riparius of the E. riparius Species Group, E. luteolus Species Series, from Soroa, Pinar del Rio, Cuba. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 60. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) toa of the E. toa Species Group, E. luteolus Species Series, from 7.7 km N Imias, Guantánamo, Cuba. Photo by S. B. Hedges.
FIGURES 53–58. 53 in New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation
FIGURES 53–58. 53. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) cuneatus of the E. cuneatus Species Group, E. luteolus Species Series, from southwest slope of Pico Turquino at Pico Cardero, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 54. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) cundalli of the E. cundalli Species Subgroup, E. luteolus Species Group, E. luteolus Species Series, from Quick Step, Trelawny, Jamaica. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 55. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) gossei of the E. gossei Species Subgroup, E. luteolus Species Group, E. luteolus Species Series, from 2.9 km N Port Maria, St. Mary, Jamaica. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 56. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) jamaicensis of the E. jamaicensis Species Subgroup, E. luteolus Species Group, E. luteolus Species Series, from 4.2 km W Ecclesdown, Portland, Jamaica. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 57. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) luteolus of the E. luteolus Species Subgroup, E. luteolus Species Group, E. luteolus Species Series, from 7.0 km WSW Old Hope, Westmoreland, Jamaica. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 58. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) nubicola of the E. nubicola Species Subgroup, E. luteolus Species Group, E. luteolus Species Series, from 1.3 km W Hardwar Gap, St. Andrew, Jamaica. Photo by S. B. Hedges.
FIGURES 82–85. 82 in New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation
FIGURES 82–85. 82. Eleutherodactylus (Syrrhophus) leprus of the E. leprus Species Group, E. longipes Species Series, from San Andres Tuxtla, Veracruz, Mexico. Photo by W. E. Duellman. 83. Eleutherodactylus (Syrrhophus) dennisi of the E. longipes Species Group, E. longipes Species Series, from El Panehan Cave, 4.8 km N Antiguo Morelos, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Photo by J. A. Campbell. 84. Eleutherodactylus (Syrrhophus) marnockii of the E. marnockii Species Group, E. longipes Species Series, from San Marcos, Texas. Photo by D. G. Barker. 85. Eleutherodactylus (Syrrhophus) teretistes of the E. modestus Species Group, E. longipes Species Series, from 5 km NW Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico. Photo by W. E. Duellman.
FIGURE 77 in New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation
FIGURE 77. Distribution of the subgenera Pelorius and Schwartzius (Hispaniola), and the Subgenus Syrrhophus (Cuba, North America, and Central America), Genus Eleutherodactylus, Subfamily Eleutherodactylinae, Family Eleutherodactylidae. The distribution of Schwartzius is completely within that of Pelorius.
FIGURES 73–76. 73 in New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation
FIGURES 73–76. 73. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) lentus of the E. lentus Species Group, E. ricordii Species Series, from St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 74. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) pictissimus of the E. lentus Species Group, E. ricordii Species Series, from 5.8 km S Pestel, Grand'Anse, Haiti. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 75. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) ricordii of the E. ricordii Species Group, E. ricordii Species Series, from 1–2 km E Boca de Yumurí, Guantánamo, Cuba. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 76. Eleutherodactylus (Euhyas) zugi of the E. zugi Species Series, from Soroa, Pinar del Rio, Cuba. Photo by S. B. Hedges.
FIGURES 78–81. 78 in New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation
FIGURES 78–81. 78. Eleutherodactylus (Pelorius) inoptatus of the E. inoptatus Species Series, from 13 km SSW La Guazara, Barahona, Dominican Republic. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 79. Eleutherodactylus (Pelorius) nortoni of the E. inoptatus Species Series, from 6.5 km SW Seguin, Sud'Est, Haiti. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 80. Eleutherodactylus (Pelorius) aporostegus of the E. ruthae Species Series, from 5–6 km NW Les Platons, Sud, Haiti. Photo by S. B. Hedges. 81. Eleutherodactylus (Schwartzius) counouspeus from 13.5 km N Camp Perrin, Sud, Haiti. Photo by S. B. Hedges.
Immune Evasion and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Fallopian Tube as an Early Event for Ovarian Cancer Development in Women with Germline BRCA1 Mutation
<p>The single cell RNA-seq and TCR-seq data of BRCA1 mutation carriers and normal controls</p>
FIGURE 10. Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 in Juvenile development of Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Portunidae), from megalopae obtained in the neuston
FIGURE 10. Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863. Female pleopods (Pl2 to Pl5): juvenile IX (JIX); juvenile X (JX). Scales: JIX = 0.2 mm; JX = 0.4 mm.
FIGURE 8. Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 in Juvenile development of Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Portunidae), from megalopae obtained in the neuston
FIGURE 8. Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863. Male pleopods (Pl1 and Pl2): juvenile VII (JVII); juvenile VIII (JVIII); juvenile IX (JIX); juvenile X (JX); a, region detail (arrow). Scales: JVII, JVIII, JIX = 0.2 mm; a = 0.1 mm; JX = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 6. Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 in Juvenile development of Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Portunidae), from megalopae obtained in the neuston
FIGURE 6. Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863. Main morphological changes in the second to tenth juvenile stages; a, juvenile X: maxillule endopod detail; b, juvenile II: first maxilliped endopod detail; c, juvenile X: first segment, dorsal view, detail of antennal peduncle; d, juvenile II: abdomen, dorsal view; e, juvenile IV: trace of female gonopore (arrow). Scales: a, b, c, d = 0.2 mm; e = 0.4 mm.
FIGURE 7. Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 in Juvenile development of Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Portunidae), from megalopae obtained in the neuston
FIGURE 7. Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863. Pleopods of 1st to 5th abdominal somites (Pl1 to Pl5) of male and female: juvenile I (JI); juvenile IV (JIV); juvenile V (JV); juvenile VI (JVI). Scales: JI = 0.1 mm; JIV, JV, JVI = 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 9. Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 in Juvenile development of Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Portunidae), from megalopae obtained in the neuston
FIGURE 9. Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863. Female pleopod (Pl2 to Pl5): juvenile VII (JVII); juvenile VIII (JVIII). Scale: JVII, JVIII = 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 4. Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863. Juvenile I in Juvenile development of Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Portunidae), from megalopae obtained in the neuston
FIGURE 4. Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863. Juvenile I: a, antenna; b, antennule; c, mandible palp detail; d, mandible; e, maxilla; f, maxillule. Scales: a, d, e = 0.1 mm; b, c, f = 0.05 mm.
FIGURE 5. Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863. Juvenile I in Juvenile development of Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Portunidae), from megalopae obtained in the neuston
FIGURE 5. Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863. Juvenile I: a, first maxilliped; b, second maxilliped; c, third maxilliped. Scale: a, b, c = 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 3. Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863. Juvenile I in Juvenile development of Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Portunidae), from megalopae obtained in the neuston
FIGURE 3. Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863. Juvenile I: pereopods; a, cheliped dorsal view; b, cheliped, lateral view; c, second pereopod (P2); d, third pereopod (P3); e, fourth pereopod (P4); f, fifth pereopod (P5). Scale: a, b, c, d, e, f = 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Juvenile development of Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Portunidae), from megalopae obtained in the neuston
FIGURE 1. Scheme of main ornamentation found in different parts of the bodies of juvenile stages of Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863; a, simple setae; b, plumose setae; c, serrate setae; d, denticulate harpoon-shaped setae; e, aesthetascs; f, brush-shaped setae; g, denticulate cuspidate setae; h, spine; i, protuberance.
Plant diversity ameliorates the evolutionary development of fungicide resistance in an agricultural ecosystem
<p>1. Evolution of fungicide resistance in agricultural and natural ecosystems is associated with the biology of pathogens, the chemical property and a<span class="fontstyle01"><span>pplication strategies of the fungicides</span></span>. The influence of ecological factors such as host diversity on the evolution of fungicide resistance has been largely overlooked but is highly relevant to social and natural sustainability. In this study, we used an experimental evolution approach to understand how host population heterogeneity may affect the evolution of fungicide resistance in the associated pathogens.</p> <p>2. Potato populations with six levels of genetic heterogeneity were grown in the same field and naturally infected by <i>Phytophthora infestans.</i> Pathogen isolates (~1200) recovered from the field experiment were molecularly genotyped. Genetically distinct isolates were selected form each population and 142 isolates were assayed for their tolerance to two fungicides differing in the mode of action. Tolerance was determined by calculating the relative growth rate of the isolates in the presence and absence of fungicides and the effective concentration for 50% inhibition.</p> <p>3. The evolution of fungicide resistance in <i>P. infestans</i> was affected by the genetic variation of host populations. Higher potato diversification increased the sensitivity of <i>P. infestans</i> to both fungicides and reduced genetic variation of the pathogen available for the development of fungicide resistance. These mitigating effects are independent of biochemical properties of fungicides and are likely caused by host selection for pathogen strains differing in the ability of fungicide influxes, effluxes or detoxification rather than mutations in fungicide target genes.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications: Increased fungicide sensitivity and diminished evolutionary potential of fungicide resistance associated with higher host diversification reduce the fungicide dose and application frequency needed to achieve the same extent of disease control, relaxing the selection pressure acting on the pathogen populations and retarding the evolution of fungicide resistance. Together with benefits documented in other studies, our results indicate that host diversification is an eco-friendly approach that not only ameliorate fungicide resistance but also help achieve social and ecological sustainability by balancing the interaction among food security, socioeconomic development and ecological resilience.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.