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Figure 17 in Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of south-western North American Euctenizinae trapdoor spiders and their relatives (Araneae: Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae)

Figure 17. Apomastus schlingeri sp. nov. HOLOTYPE (A–C) and female paratype (D). A, pedipalp, retrolateral aspect. B, leg I, retrolateral aspect. C, leg I, prolateral aspect. D, spermathecal receptula.

Figure 15 in Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of south-western North American Euctenizinae trapdoor spiders and their relatives (Araneae: Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae)

Figure 15. Promyrmekiaphila gertschi from Ben Lomond, Santa Cruz County, California. A, pedipalp, retrolateral aspect. B, male leg I, retrolateral aspect. C, spermathecal receptula.

Figure 14 in Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of south-western North American Euctenizinae trapdoor spiders and their relatives (Araneae: Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae)

Figure 14. Aptostichus sp. burrow from Riverside County, Winchester, California. A, burrow closed with arrow indicating its location. B, same burrow opened.

Figure 13 in Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of south-western North American Euctenizinae trapdoor spiders and their relatives (Araneae: Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae)

Figure 13. Aptostichus atomarius from Los Angeles County, California, Chatsworth in CAS (A–D) and Aptostichus simus, male from Los Angeles County, California, Playa del Rey State Beach and female from the type locality San Diego County, Silverstrand State Beach (E–I). A, male leg I, retrolateral aspect. B, spermathecal receptula. C, cymbium and palpal bulb, retrolateral aspect. D, abdomen. E, male leg I, retrolateral aspect. F, male leg I, prolateral aspect. G, pedipalp, retrolateral aspect. H, spermathecal receptula. I, sternum and palpal endites.

Figure 11 in Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of south-western North American Euctenizinae trapdoor spiders and their relatives (Araneae: Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae)

Figure 11. Neoapachella rothi sp. nov. male HOLOTYPE (A–C) female paratype (D). A, leg I, retrolateral aspect. B, leg I, prolateral aspect. C, pedipalp, retrolateral aspect. D, spermathecal receptula.

Figure 9 in Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of south-western North American Euctenizinae trapdoor spiders and their relatives (Araneae: Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae)

Figure 9. Eucteniza rex burrow from Laredo, Texas excavated by W. Icenogle and bisected. A, lateral view with trapdoor open. B, top view with trapdoor closed.

Figure 1 in Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of south-western North American Euctenizinae trapdoor spiders and their relatives (Araneae: Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae)

Figure 1. Cladograms redrawn from Raven (1985). A, phylogeny of the Mygalomorphae. B, (inset) phylogeny of the Cyrtaucheniidae.

Figure 8 in Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of south-western North American Euctenizinae trapdoor spiders and their relatives (Araneae: Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae)

Figure 8. Eucteniza rex Chamberlin male holotype (A–D) and female paratypes (E). A, retrolateral aspect of leg I. B, prolateral aspect of leg I. C, retrolateral aspect of leg II. D, retrolateral aspect of pedipalp. E, spermathecal receptula.

Figure 5 in Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of south-western North American Euctenizinae trapdoor spiders and their relatives (Araneae: Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae)

Figure 5. Tree topology based on the morphological character set with all characters receiving equal weights. Strict consensus of seven equally parsimonious trees: 281 steps, CI = 0.35, RI = 0.64, RC = 0.22. Fifty percent majority rule bootstrap consensus; bootstrap/decay values are given for those nodes with bootstrap values greater than 50%.

Figure 3 in Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of south-western North American Euctenizinae trapdoor spiders and their relatives (Araneae: Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae)

Figure 3. Posterior lateral spinneret spigot types for select rastelloid taxa (scale bars = 0.1 mm). A, Kiama lachrymoides. B, Cyrtauchenius luridus Simon, 1881. C, Promyrmekiaphila gertschi. D, Acontius sp. E, Eucteniza rex. F, Neoapachella rothi. G, Rhytidicolus sp. H, Myrmekiaphila torreya. I, Ummidia sp.

Figure 4 in Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of south-western North American Euctenizinae trapdoor spiders and their relatives (Araneae: Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae)

Figure 4. Silk spigots on apicalmost article of posterior lateral spinnerets for select euctenizine taxa (scale bars = 0.1 mm). A, Aptostichus hesperus. B, Neoapachella rothi. C, Entychides arizonica. D, Eucteniza rex.

Figure 2 in Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of south-western North American Euctenizinae trapdoor spiders and their relatives (Araneae: Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae)

Figure 2. Reanalysis of Goloboff's (1993) data set of 71 morphological characters scored for 42 mygalomorph taxa using implied weights (k = 7; note that the topology is quite sensitive to concavity function constant). This is a strict consensus of 27 most parsimonious trees (236 steps, CI = 0.39, RI = 0.73). Filled circles indicate nodes that differ from Goloboff 's original analysis, cyrtaucheniid taxa are in grey shaded box. A summary and a brief explanation of the characters and their scorings are presented in Appendix 1.

Figure 6 in Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of south-western North American Euctenizinae trapdoor spiders and their relatives (Araneae: Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae)

Figure 6. Preferred tree topology based on morphological character set using implied weighting with k = 4 (283 steps, CI = 0.35, RI = 0.63, RC = 0.22, G fit = 50.45). Bootstrap/decay values are given for nodes with bootstrap values greater than 50% and/or decay values greater than 3 above the branch, branch numbers are given below.

Figure 7 in Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of south-western North American Euctenizinae trapdoor spiders and their relatives (Araneae: Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae)

Figure 7. Colour photographs of live Euctenizinae species. A, Eucteniza rex from Laredo, Texas. B, Aptostichus atomarius from Riverside County, California. C, Promyrmekiaphila gertschi from San Mateo County, California.

Figure 7 in Nanoa, an enigmatic new genus of pimoid spiders from western North America (Pimoidae, Araneae)

Figure 7. One of the eight minimal length trees of 188 steps that result from the analysis of the data matrix presented in the Appendix (CI = 0.53, RI = 0.73). Exclusion of the six parsimony uninformative characters decreases the tree length to 179 steps and the ensemble consistency index to 0.51. Most of the ambiguous character changes are resolved under 'Farris optimization.' Closed circles represent nonhomoplasious character changes. The three nodes that collapse in the strict consensus cladogram of the eight most parsimonious trees (Fig. 6) are marked with a closed rectangle. The basal trichotomy has been resolved according to the araneoid topology presented in Griswold et al. (1998) (see text for details).

Figure 5 in Nanoa, an enigmatic new genus of pimoid spiders from western North America (Pimoidae, Araneae)

Figure 5. Nanoa enana sp. nov. Female. A, epigynum, ventral; B, epigynum, caudoventral; C, epigynum, caudal; D, partially damaged PLS and PMS (PMS cylindrical spigot has shaft broken off; left PLS, on right, has one cylindrical spigot and part of the triplet broken off); E, right PLS triplet with ectal cylindrical spigot; F, prosoma, lateral. See main text for abbreviations.

Figure 4 in Nanoa, an enigmatic new genus of pimoid spiders from western North America (Pimoidae, Araneae)

Figure 4. Nanoa enana sp. nov. Female. A, cheliceral teeth and fang, ventral; B, detail of cephalic region and prosoma, lateral; C, detail of ectal cheliceral side; D, cheliceral teeth, anterior; E, labium and maxillae (arrow points to serrula); F, prosoma, anterior.

Figure 3 in Nanoa, an enigmatic new genus of pimoid spiders from western North America (Pimoidae, Araneae)

Figure 3. Nanoa enana sp. nov. A, male, ventral; B, female, dorsal; C, epigynum, ventral; D, cleared epigynum, ventral (arrow points out to possible location of copulatory opening); E, cleared epigynum, dorsal (arrow points out to distal end of fertilization duct). Scale bars: A, B = 0.5 mm; C–E = 0.1 mm. See main text for abbreviations.

Figure 2 in Nanoa, an enigmatic new genus of pimoid spiders from western North America (Pimoidae, Araneae)

Figure 2. Nanoa enana sp. nov. A–B, male palp, schematic drawings. A, ventral; B, dorsoectal (arrow points out the homologue of alveolar sclerite, seen by transparency through the cymbial cuticle). See main text for abbreviations.

Figure 1 in Nanoa, an enigmatic new genus of pimoid spiders from western North America (Pimoidae, Araneae)

Figure 1. Nanoa enana sp. nov., male palp (embolus in a slightly displaced position; normally its distal end rests tightly against the tegulum, next to the conductor). A, ventral; B, dorsoectal (arrow points out to homologue of alveolar sclerite); C, mesal; D, ectal. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. See main text for abbreviations.