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18,621 results for “development;”
Data from: Rearing and sampling methods for estimating spruce budworm development rates at constant temperatures
<p>We describe an experimental protocol for measuring the response of spruce budworm post-diapause larval development to temperature. This protocol is specifically designed to include measurements of development near their upper and lower thermal thresholds. The application of this protocol to a laboratory colony allowed for the first experimental evidence that spruce budworm larval development occurs at temperatures as low as 5 ºC and as high as 35 ºC and provides data to estimate development rates at temperatures from 5–35 ºC in 5 ºC increments. Our protocol is also designed to minimize mortality near the thermal development thresholds thus allowing for multi-generational studies. We observed developmental plasticity in larvae reared at constant temperatures, particularly the occurrence of up to 42% of some individuals requiring only five instars to complete development, compared to the expected six instars. An occurrence that exhibited no clear relation to temperature. While this protocol is specifically designed for spruce budworm, it provides a template for the study of other species' developmental responses to temperature.</p>
FIGURE 1. Echeveria cerrograndensis. A. Inflorescence with last fresh flower. B. Inflorescence with developing fruits and shaft leaves. C–D. Flower variability. E–G in Echeveria cerrograndensis (Crassulaceae) a new species from eastern calcareous Sierra de Manantlán, Colima, Mexico
FIGURE 1. Echeveria cerrograndensis. A. Inflorescence with last fresh flower. B. Inflorescence with developing fruits and shaft leaves. C–D. Flower variability. E–G. Dissected flower showing corolla, one sepal (some sepals missing) pistils, stamens, pedicel, and dark nectaries. H. Panicle. I. Habit J. Habitat and stemmed rosettes. K. Rosette variability. Drawing by Daniel Barba.
Transcriptome dataset to: Chemical genetics in Silene latifolia elucidate regulatory pathways involved in gynoecium development
<p>This collection contains RNA-seq data obtained from young flower buds of <em>Silene latifolia </em>for each sample in the main manuscript in triplicate (male, female, two generations of hermaphrodites). The RNA was isolated from adult plants of U15 population and two subsequent generations, made by full-sib mating (U15=15 generations, U16=16 generations, U17=17 generations). The petals and sepals were removed before RNA-isolation. To avoid the bias made by sampling of old flower buds, only the first flowers were always sampled. The deposited RNA-seq data were not processed. </p>
CT data and 3D models associated with: Palaeoneurology of the Early Cretaceous iguanodont Proa valdearinnoensis and its bearing on the parallel developments of cognitive abilities in theropod and ornithopod dinosaurs
<p><i>Proa valdearinnoensis </i>is a relatively large-headed and stocky iguanodontian dinosaur from the latest Early Cretaceous of Spain. Its braincase is known from three specimens. Similar to that of other dinosaurs, it shows a mosaic ossification pattern in which most of the bones seem to have fused together indistinguishably while a few bones (frontoparietal, basioccipital) might have remained loosely attached. The endocasts of the three specimens are described based on CT data and digital reconstructions. They show unmistakable morphological similarities with the endocast of closely related taxa, such as <i>Sirindhorna khoratensis </i>(which is close in age but from Thailand). This supports a high conservatism of the endocranial cavity. The issue of volumetric correspondence between endocranial cavity and brain in dinosaurs is analysed. Although a brain-to-endocranial cavity (BEC) index of 0.50 has been traditionally used, we employ instead 0.73. This is indeed the mid-value between the situation in adults of <i>Alligator mississippiensis</i> and <i>Gallus gallus</i>, which are members of the extant bracketing taxa of dinosaurs (Crocodilia and Aves). We thence gauge the level of encephalisation of <i>Proa valdearinnoensis</i> by the calculation of the Encephalisation Quotient (EQ), which remains valuable as a metric for assessing the degree of cognitive function in extinct taxa, especially those with fully ossified braincases like dinosaurs and other archosaurs. The EQ obtained for <i>Proa valdearinnoensis</i> (3.611) suggests that this species was significantly more encephalised than most if not all extant non-avian, non-mammalian amniotes. Our work adds to the growing body of data concerning theoretical cognitive capabilities in dinosaurs and supports the idea that increasing encephalisations were fostered not only once in theropods but also in parallel in the shorter-lived lineage of ornithopods. <i>Proa valdearinnoensis</i> was ill-equipped to respond to theropod dinosaurs and possibly lived in groups as a strategy to mitigate the risk of being predated upon. We hypothesize that group-living and protracted caring of juveniles in this and possibly many other iguanodontian ornithopods favoured a degree of encephalisation that was outstanding by reptile standards.</p>
Impacts of concentrated seepage flow on suffusion development in cohesionless soil: insight from a theoretical model
<p>The uploaded file is the original data of a paper submitted to the journal of " Water Resources Research"</p>
Figure 4 in Aquatic insects in the forest canopy: a new genus of moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) developing in slime on aerial roots
Figure 4. Mucomyia emersa immature stages. (a) Larval head capsule, ventral view; (b) larval mouthparts, ventral view; (c) segment IX of pupa, dorsal view; (d) segment IX of pupa, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: lm = labium; lr = labrum; mc = maxillary cardo; md = mandible; mp = maxillary palp.
Figure 7 in Aquatic insects in the forest canopy: a new genus of moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) developing in slime on aerial roots
Figure 7. Mucomyia browni adult male and female. (a) Male head, frontal view; (b) wing; (c) apical flagellomeres of antenna; (d) male terminalia, dorsal view; (e) female terminalia, ventral view. Scale bars = 125 µm (a), 50 µm (c, d), 100 µm (e).
Figure 6 in Aquatic insects in the forest canopy: a new genus of moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) developing in slime on aerial roots
Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of larval and pupal Mucomyia emersa. (a) Antenna of larva, dorsal view; (b) anal division of larva, dorsal view; (c) segment VII of larva, dorsolateral view; (d) detail of posterior spiracles of larva, dorsal view; (e) respiratory organ of pupa, anterodorsal view; (f) mesonotum of pupa, anterodorsal view; (g) partial thorax and abdomen of pupa, anterodorsal view; (h) segment IX of pupa, dorsal view. Scale bars = 10 µm (a–f), 100 µm (g, h). Abbreviations: m = mesotergite; me = mushroom element; mt = microtrichia; p = protergite; pr = pores; ps = posterior spiracles; st = setae; t = metatergite.
Figure 5 in Aquatic insects in the forest canopy: a new genus of moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) developing in slime on aerial roots
Figure 5. Mucomyia emersa adult male. (a) Male head, frontal view, (b) male terminalia, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ae = aedeagus; ea = ejaculatory apodeme; ep = epandrium; gc = gonocoxal condyle; gs = gonostyle; gx = gonocoxite; ha = hypandrium; ho = hypoproct; pm = paramere; ss = surstylus; tn = tenaculum.
Figure 1 in Aquatic insects in the forest canopy: a new genus of moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) developing in slime on aerial roots
Figure 1. Araceae plant from which Mucomyia emersa larvae were collected. (a) Habitus of plant, (b) detail of plant mucilage inhabited by larvae.
Dataset for the paper: Development and characterization of high-frequency sources for supersonic beams of fluorine radicals
<p>Raw data and analysis scripts (Matlab) for the figures of the paper: Development and characterization of high-frequency sources for supersonic beams of fluorine radicals.</p>
Figure 2 in Arboreality predicts Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection level in tropical direct-developing frogs
Figure 2. Agar models in the shape of Eleutherodactylus coqui with thermal couplers inserted. Models were placed on the forest floor (a) and in arboreal vegetation (b) to determine operative body temperatures that hosts encounter in these microhabitats.
Figure 4 in Arboreality predicts Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection level in tropical direct-developing frogs
Figure 4. Proportion of the infected adults (a) and the infected juveniles (b) using forest-floor (brown) or arboreal (green) microhabitats that presented different levels of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection intensities (given as Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis zoospore genomic equivalents). Above each bar we indicate the number of infected individuals in each category. For example there were only five infected juveniles found in arboreal substrate, and 20% of these had low Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection loads.
Figure 1 in Arboreality predicts Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection level in tropical direct-developing frogs
Figure 1. Microhabitats considered in this study: forest floor and curled palm fronds in: (a) the floor, (b) bromeliads on vegetation above ground, and (c) foliage, tree trunks or branches ≥50 cm to 2.5 m above ground.
Figure 3 in Arboreality predicts Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection level in tropical direct-developing frogs
Figure 3. Variation on Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection intensity (zoospore genomic equivalents) among microhabitats used by all individuals (a), adults only (b), males only (c) and juveniles only (d), of Eleutherodactylus coqui. Prevalence of infection in each microhabitat is also observable by comparing percentage of colour versus white on each bar.
Figure 2 in The salinity during larval development affects the dispersion in adults of the tree-climbing crab Aratus pisonii
Figure 2. Survival analysis of Aratus pisonii. Survival percentage of 30 megalopae until juvenile metamorphosis or death in five salinity treatments. Circles with numbers represent events. Events represent metamorphosis to juvenile stage.
Figure 1 in The salinity during larval development affects the dispersion in adults of the tree-climbing crab Aratus pisonii
Figure 1. Survival analysis of Aratus pisonii. Survival percentage of 100 zoea larvae until megalopa metamorphosis or death in five salinity treatments. Circles with numbers represent number of events. Events represent metamorphosis to megalopae stage.
Figure 3 in Larval development of the spider crab Menaethius monoceros (Latreille, 1825), (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Epialtidae)
Figure 3. Megalopa of Menaethius monoceros (Latreille, 1825). (A) lateral view; (B) dorsal view; (C) antennule, with aesthetascs shown truncated; (D) antenna; (E), left mandible, with enlargement of distal palp segment; (F) maxillule; (G) maxilla. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Figure 4 in Larval development of the spider crab Menaethius monoceros (Latreille, 1825), (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Epialtidae)
Figure 4. Megalopa of Menaethius monoceros (Latreille, 1825). (A) maxilliped I; (B) maxilliped II, with enlargement of distal endopod segments; (C) maxilliped III; (D) pleopods 1–4 and uropod (natatory setae shown truncated, without setules), distal setae shown truncated; (E) cheliped and pereiopods; (F) sternum; (G) dorsal view of abdomen and telson. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Figure 1 in Larval development of the spider crab Menaethius monoceros (Latreille, 1825), (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Epialtidae)
Figure 1. First zoea of Menaethius monoceros (Latreille, 1825). (A) lateral view and magnified ventrolateral carapace margin (maxilliped natatory setae shown truncated); (B) antennule; (C) antenna (endopod bud stippled); (D) right mandible; (E) maxillule, with enlargement of coxal and basial endites; (F) maxilla, with enlargement of coxal and basial endites; (G) maxilliped I, with enlargement of distal endopod segment; (H) maxilliped II; (I) dorsal view of abdomen and telson. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.