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FIGURE 2 in First record of the parasitic barnacle Anelasma squalicola Darwin, 1852 (Pollicipedomorpha: Pollicipedidae) in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and a new host report: Etmopterus benchleyi Vásquez, Ebert & Long, 2015 (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae)
FIGURE 2. Etmopterus benchleyi (UCR 2906-002), male (52.5 cm TL), infected by the parasitic barnacle Anelasma squalicola. A. Lateral view of the entire specimen prior to removing the parasite (Figure 3B); B. Lateral view of the entire specimen after removing the parasite; and C. Lateral view of the infected area (the basis of the left pectoral fin), prior to removing one parasite, showing a double infection. Scale bar 2 cm.
FIGURE 1 in First record of the parasitic barnacle Anelasma squalicola Darwin, 1852 (Pollicipedomorpha: Pollicipedidae) in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and a new host report: Etmopterus benchleyi Vásquez, Ebert & Long, 2015 (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae)
FIGURE 1. Etmopterus benchleyi (UCR 2906-002), female (43.5 cm TL), infected by the parasitic barnacle Anelasma squalicola. A. Lateral view of the entire specimen after removing the parasites; B. Lateral view of the infected area showing an imbibed parasite; C. Laterodorsal view of the infected area, after removing the parasite, showing a double infection. Scale bar 2 cm.
Sequencing data and taxonomic assignments from: Biodiversity and vector-borne diseases: host dilution and vector amplification occur simultaneously for Amazonian leishmaniases
<p>This is the sequencing data used in the paper:<strong> "</strong>Biodiversity and vector-borne diseases: host dilution and vector amplification occur simultaneously for Amazonian leishmaniases" by Kocher et al. The study aims at assessing the effects of biodiversity changes on Leishmania transmission using molecular analyses of sand fly pools and blood-fed dipterans. The data is split in three files corresponding to the PCR amplicons used in the study (Ins16S for insect identifications, 12SV5 for vertebrate identifications and leishmini for Leishmania identifications). Each file combines output from different Illumina Miseq and Hiseq runs, after read demultiplexing and adapter trimming, dereplication and removal of reads present in less than 10 copies (but before further read filtering). The data is presented in tabular format (similar to the output of the obitab command from the obitools package), together with information on the corresponging sample, sequencing run, and taxonomic assignments (performed with ecotag from the obitools).</p>
FIGURE 1 in Pseudopestalotiopsis gilvanii sp. nov. and Neopestalotiopsis formicarum leaves spot pathogens from guarana plant: a new threat to global tropical hosts
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic relationship in Pseudopestalotiopsis inferred with concatenated sequences of ITS, tub2 and tef1-α, showing the placement Pseudopestalotiopsis gilvanii. The tree topology was generated by the ML analysis and bootstrap values for maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML), and posterior probability (PP) analyses are presented at the branches (MP/ML/PP). Isolates from this study are highlighted in blue.
FIGURE 4 in Pseudopestalotiopsis gilvanii sp. nov. and Neopestalotiopsis formicarum leaves spot pathogens from guarana plant: a new threat to global tropical hosts
FIGURE 4. Nucleotides differences in the ITS, tef1-α and tub2 sequences of Pseudopestalotiopsis gilvanii and closely related species. Ten nucleotides up and downstream to the nucleotide variation are in light green.
FIGURE 3 in Pseudopestalotiopsis gilvanii sp. nov. and Neopestalotiopsis formicarum leaves spot pathogens from guarana plant: a new threat to global tropical hosts
FIGURE 3. Pseudopestalotiopsis gilvanii (strain INPA 2913), aspects of colonies in PDA (A), aspects of conidia (B) and scanning electron microscopy of conidia (C). Neopestalotiopsis formicarum (strain INPA 2916), aspects of colonies in PDA (D), aspects of conidia (E) and scanning electron microscopy of conidia (F).
FIGURE 2 in Pseudopestalotiopsis gilvanii sp. nov. and Neopestalotiopsis formicarum leaves spot pathogens from guarana plant: a new threat to global tropical hosts
FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic relationship in Neopestalotiopsis inferred with concatenated sequences of ITS, tub2 and tef1- α. The tree topology was generated by the ML analysis and bootstrap values for maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML), and posterior probability (PP) analyses are presented at the branches (MP/ML/PP). Isolates from this study are highlighted in yellow.
FIGURE 6 in Pseudopestalotiopsis gilvanii sp. nov. and Neopestalotiopsis formicarum leaves spot pathogens from guarana plant: a new threat to global tropical hosts
FIGURE 6. Leaf spot symptoms on tropical plants inoculated with Pseudopestalotiopsis gilvanii and Neopestalotiopsis formicarum, under greenhouse conditions. Presence of symptoms noticed on açaí palms (Euterpe oleraceae and E. precatoria), oil palm (Elaeis guineenses). Banana (Musa paradisiaca) displayed symptoms for N. formicarum but not for Ps. gilvanii. Absence of symptoms on rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis). Uninoculated plants were employed as control.
FIGURE 7 in Odontonia kerangcaris sp. nov., a new bivalve-associated shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from East Kalimantan, revealing intrageneric host switching
FIGURE 7. Odontonia kerangcaris sp. nov., holotype male, pocl. 2.1mm, MZB 5341. A, left fifth pereiopod, lateral view; B, idem, distal part propodus and dactylus, medial view. Scale bar: A = 0.5mm; B = 0.125mm.
FIGURE 3 in Odontonia kerangcaris sp. nov., a new bivalve-associated shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from East Kalimantan, revealing intrageneric host switching
FIGURE 3. Odontonia kerangcaris sp. nov., holotype male, pocl. 2.1mm, MZB 5341. A, left antennula, dorsal view; B, idem, ventral view; C, left antenna, ventral view; D, left mandible; E, left maxillula (lower lacinia missing); F, left maxilla (proximal part of scaphognathite missing); G, left first maxilliped. Scale bar: = 0.5mm.
FIGURE 6 in Odontonia kerangcaris sp. nov., a new bivalve-associated shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from East Kalimantan, revealing intrageneric host switching
FIGURE 6. Odontonia kerangcaris sp. nov., holotype male, pocl. 2.1mm, MZB 5341. A, left third pereiopod, lateral view; B, idem, distal part propodus and dactylus. Scale bar: A = 0.5mm; B = 0.125mm.
FIGURE 8 in Odontonia kerangcaris sp. nov., a new bivalve-associated shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from East Kalimantan, revealing intrageneric host switching
FIGURE 8. Odontonia kerangcaris sp. nov., holotype male, pocl. 2.1mm, MZB 5341. A, left first pleopod; B, left second pleopod; C, idem, appendix masculina and appendix interna; D, right exopod of uropod, distolateral part. Scale bars: A, B = 0.5mm; C, D = 0.125mm.
FIGURE 4 in Odontonia kerangcaris sp. nov., a new bivalve-associated shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from East Kalimantan, revealing intrageneric host switching
FIGURE 4. Odontonia kerangcaris sp. nov., holotype male, pocl. 2.1mm, MZB 5341. A, left second maxilliped; B, left third maxilliped; C, left first pereiopod. Scale bar: = 0.5mm.
FIGURE 1 in Odontonia kerangcaris sp. nov., a new bivalve-associated shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from East Kalimantan, revealing intrageneric host switching
FIGURE 1. Odontonia kerangcaris sp. nov., holotype male, pocl. 2.1mm, MZB 5341, habitus, lateral view (second pereiopods detached, not drawn). Scale bar: = 2mm.
FIGURE 5 in Odontonia kerangcaris sp. nov., a new bivalve-associated shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from East Kalimantan, revealing intrageneric host switching
FIGURE 5. Odontonia kerangcaris sp. nov., holotype male, pocl. 2.1mm, MZB 5341. A, right major second pereiopod, dorsomedial view; B, left minor second pereiopod, dorsomedial view; C, fingers of right major second chela, medial view. Scale bar: A, B = 1.25mm; C = 0.125mm.
FIGURE 2 in Odontonia kerangcaris sp. nov., a new bivalve-associated shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from East Kalimantan, revealing intrageneric host switching
FIGURE 2. Odontonia kerangcaris sp. nov., holotype male, pocl. 2.1mm, MZB 5341. A, anterior carapace and appendages, dorsal view; B, anterior part of carapace, rostrum and eyes, dorsolateral view; C, tail-fan and sixth abdominal segment, lateral view; D, telson and uropods, dorsal view; E, distal part of telson, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–C = 1mm; D = 0.5mm; E = 0.125mm.
Profiling of mature stage human breastmilk cells identifies host-defense lactocyte sub-populations
<p>Breastmilk is chock-full of nutrients, immunological factors, and cells that aid infant development. Maternal cells are the least studied breastmilk component, and their unique properties are difficult to identify using traditional techniques. Here, we characterized the cells in mature stage breastmilk from healthy donors at the protein, gene, and transcriptome levels. Holistic analysis of flow cytometry, qPCR, and single cell RNA sequencing data identified the predominant cell population as epithelial with smaller populations of macrophages and T cells. Two percent of epithelial cells expressed four stem cell markers: SOX2, TRA-1-60, NANOG, and SSEA4. Furthermore, milk contained six distinct epithelial lactocyte sub-populations, including three previously unidentified sub-populations programmed towards host-defense and intestinal development. Pseudotime analysis delineated the differentiation pathways of epithelial progenitors. Together, these data define healthy human maternal breastmilk cells and provide a basis for their application in maternal and infant medicine.</p>
Intraspecific interaction of host plants leads to concentrated distribution of a specialist herbivore through metabolic alterations in the leaves
<p>1. Recent studies suggest that changes in leaf traits due to interactions between plants affect resource utilisation by and the distribution of herbivores. However, this has not yet been confirmed experimentally. Here, we investigated the effects of phenotypic plasticity in leaf traits of <i>Rumex obtusifolius</i> (host plant) in response to intra- and interspecific interaction on the distribution of two leaf beetles, <i>Gastrophysa atrocyanea</i> (specialist herbivore) and <i>Galerucella grisescens</i> (generalist herbivore).</p> <p>2. We investigated the local population density of <i>R. obtusifolius</i> plants and the presence of leaf beetles on the plants at five study sites. Leaf chemicals (condensed tannins and total phenolics) were compared between aggregated and solitary <i>R. obtusifolius</i> plants. To clarify the effects of the interaction environment of <i>R. obtusifolius</i> plants on their leaf traits and on resource utilisation by the leaf beetles, we compared leaf chemicals and preferences of adult leaf beetles among treatments where <i>R. obtusifolius</i> experienced intraspecific interaction, interspecific interaction, or no interaction in cultivation experiments. Finally, we evaluated the independent and combined effects of patch size and intraspecific interaction on leaf beetle distribution in mesocosm experiments.</p> <p>3. In the field, the presence of the specialist leaf beetle <i>G. atrocyanea</i> was positively correlated with the local population density (rosette overlap ratio) of <i>R. obtusifolius</i> plants; however, there was no correlation in the case of the generalist leaf beetle <i>G. grisescens</i>. In the cultivation experiments, plants in the intraspecific interaction treatment increased their leaf contents of condensed tannins and total phenolics, and <i>G. atrocyanea</i> consumed more of these leaves than leaves in other treatments. Similar results were observed in the field. In the mesocosm experiments, larger numbers of <i>G. atrocyanea</i> were distributed on <i>R. obtusifolius</i> plants exposed to below-ground intraspecific interaction than on plants not exposed to intraspecific interaction.</p> <p>4. Our results provide experimental evidence that leaf-trait changes in response to intraspecific interaction between host plants influence specialist herbivore distribution. This highlights the need to integrate plant–plant interactions into our understanding of plant–animal interactions. </p>
Complex adaptive architecture underlies adaptation to quantitative host resistance in a fungal plant pathogen
<p>Plant pathogens often adapt to plant genetic resistance so characterization of the architecture underlying such an adaptation is required to understand the adaptive potential of pathogen populations. Erosion of banana quantitative resistance to a major leaf disease caused by polygenic adaptation of the causal agent, the fungus <i>Pseudocercospora fijiensis,</i> was recently identified in the northern Caribbean region<i>. </i>Genome scan and quantitative genetics approaches were combined to investigate the adaptive architecture underlying this adaptation. Thirty-two genomic regions showing host selection footprints were identified by pool sequencing of isolates collected from seven plantation pairs of two cultivars with different levels of quantitative resistance. Individual sequencing and phenotyping of isolates from one pair revealed significant and variable levels of correlation between haplotypes in 17 of these regions with a quantitative trait of pathogenicity (the diseased leaf area). The multilocus pattern of haplotypes detected in the 17 regions was found to be highly variable across all the population pairs studied. These results suggest complex adaptive architecture underlying plant pathogen adaptation to quantitative resistance with a polygenic basis, redundancy, and a low level of parallel evolution between pathogen populations. Candidate genes involved in quantitative pathogenicity and host adaptation of <i>P. fijiensis </i>were identified in genomic regions by combining annotation analysis with available biological data.</p>
Data from: Proximity to parasites reduces host fitness independent of infection in a Drosophila-Macrocheles system
<p>We assayed the longevity and reproductive output of Drosophila nigrospiracula exposed or not exposed to ectoparasitic Macrocheles subbadius accross a mesh barrier. As such we measured the non-consumptive effects (extending the ecology of fear to host-parasite systems) of an ectoparasite on host fecundity and survival. We found that exposure to mites, without infection, caused flies to live shorter lives and produce fewer offspring.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.