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18,658 results for “impacts”
Data from: Isotopic niches of tropical birds reduced by anthropogenic impacts: A 100-year perspective
<p>The intensification of land use changes in tropical forests during the 20<sup>th</sup> century, mainly caused by deforestation for agricultural uses, had an overwhelming influence on bird assemblages. However, how these historical anthropogenic changes have impacted the habitat use and diet of tropical birds is poorly known. Stable isotope analysis (<i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C and <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N) can be useful in this regard since it provides information not only on the habitat and food resource use but also insights on the dietary niche of species. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether centenary anthropogenic impacts, mainly caused by changes in landscape composition, have affected the resource and habitat use and isotopic niche width of Neotropical birds in a region that comprises two biodiversity hotspots — the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado in southeastern Brazil. We found that the niche width of all bird guilds (frugivore, granivore, insectivore, nectarivore, and omnivore) was largely reduced (28–70%) from the twentieth century until recently. This niche width reduction was likely associated with historical anthropogenic impacts (e.g., fragmentation, forest loss and change in agricultural practices), which are responsible for the decrease in the availability of habitat and food resources. Moreover, the mean values of <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N decreased over the years in all bird guilds, which might be attributed to the expansion of agricultural areas and the increase in the use of synthetic nitrogen-based fertilizers. All the analyzed species, even though some of them are diet and habitat generalists, were strongly influenced by centenary anthropogenic actions. Our results show the consequences of human-induced changes in land use on the diet and habitat use of tropical birds that persist in fragmented landscapes, which might compromise their long-term survival, and provide useful information to the conservation strategies of bird assemblages in modern landscapes.</p>
Figure 2 in Potential impacts of logging on intertidal infaunal communities within the Kitimat River estuary
Figure 2. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) graphs of (a) the infaunal invertebrate community, and (b) those abiotic sediment conditions measured at each plot (n = 15 per site; sediment penetrability, aRPD depth, and proportion of a 1 m2 plot covered in woody debris) of four intertidal mudflats in the Kitimat River Estuary, British Columbia, Canada, during the summer of 2017. A, 23–25 May; B, 23–28 June; C, 17–21 July; D, 22–26 August.
Figure 1 in Potential impacts of logging on intertidal infaunal communities within the Kitimat River estuary
Figure 1. Intertidal mudflat study sites in the Kitimat River Estuary, British Columbia, Canada. Abbreviations: FB, Foxy Beach; PL, Pilings; LD, Lodge; LS, Log Sort; AS, site of Rio Tinto Alcan Inc. aluminium smelter; PM, site of West Fraser Timber Co. Ltd pulp mill. Historical logging activities sites: PL and LS. Reference sites: LD and FB.
Figure 3 in Potential impacts of logging on intertidal infaunal communities within the Kitimat River estuary
Figure 3. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) graphs of those abiotic sediment conditions measured at five locations per site (sediment particle size as well as organic matter and water content) at four intertidal mudflats in the Kitimat River Estuary, British Columbia, Canada, during the summer of 2017.
Figure 2 in Urbanization impacts on the trophic guild composition of bird communities
Figure 2. Exploratory boxplot showing the richness of trophic guilds (number of trophic guilds per transect) at each urban stratum of the urban gradient. References: urban (CENTER), suburban (SUB), periurban (PERI), forested (PARK) and natural (NAT) sectors.
Figure 5 in Urbanization impacts on the trophic guild composition of bird communities
Figure 5. Biplot of redundancy analysis (RDA) showing the association between trophic guild abundance and significant habitat structure variables along the urban gradient. Arrow length indicates the importance of the variable in the model and arrow orientation, the direction of the variable increase. References: percentage of area covered by herbaceous vegetation (GRASS); pavement (PAVEM); high buildings (BHIGH) and water bodies (WATERB). Guilds: aquatic diving carnivore (AquaDivCar); aquatic diving omnivore (AquaDivOmn); aquatic filter (AquaFil); aquatic striding carnivore (AquaStrCar); aquatic striding omnivore (AquaStrOmn); bark insectivore (BarkIns); coursing aerial insectivore (CourAerIns); foliage granivore (FoliGra); foliage insectivore (FoliIns); foliage omnivore (FoliOmn); generalized granivore (GeneGra); generalized insectivore (GeneIns); generalized omnivore (GeneOmn); hawking aerial carnivore (HawkAerCar); hawking aerial insectivore (HawkAerIns); nectarivore (Nect); terrestrial granivore (TerrGra); terrestrial insectivore (TerrIns); and terrestrial omnivore (TerrOmn).
Figure 1 in Urbanization impacts on the trophic guild composition of bird communities
Figure 1. Santa Fe city and strata of the urban gradient indicated by circles. The urban matrix is represented by white and water bodies and forested areas with shades of grey. References: urban (CEN), suburban (SUB), periurban (PERI), forested (PARK) and natural (NAT) sectors.
Figure 3 in Urbanization impacts on the trophic guild composition of bird communities
Figure 3. Biplot of redundancy analysis (RDA) showing the association between the richness of each trophic guild and significant habitat structure and human disturbance variables along the urban gradient. Arrow length indicates the importance of the variable in the model and arrow orientation, the direction of the variable increase. References: percentage of area covered by trees/shrubs (TREESHRUB); herbaceous vegetation (GRASS); water bodies (WATERB); pavement (PAVEM); pedestrian rate (PEDESR); and vehicle rate (VEHICLR). Guilds: aquatic diving carnivore (AquaDivCar); aquatic diving omnivore (AquaDivOmn); aquatic filter (AquaFil); aquatic striding carnivore (AquaStrCar); aquatic striding omnivore (AquaStrOmn); bark insectivore (BarkIns); coursing aerial insectivore (CourAerIns); foliage granivore (FoliGra); foliage insectivore (FoliIns); foliage omnivore (FoliOmn); generalized granivore (GeneGra); generalized insectivore (GeneIns); generalized omnivore (GeneOmn); hawking aerial carnivore (HawkAerCar); hawking aerial insectivore (HawkAerIns); nectarivore (Nect); terrestrial granivore (TerrGra); terrestrial insectivore (TerrIns); and terrestrial omnivore (TerrOmn).
Figure 4 in Urbanization impacts on the trophic guild composition of bird communities
Figure 4. Proportion of variance of the purely environmental (Env), spatially structured environmental (EnvSpa) and purely spatial components (Spa) which explain the richness (left) and abundance (right) of trophic guilds across the Santa Fe city.
Figure 5 in Comparison of zooplankton community structure between impacted and non-impacted areas of Paranaguá Bay Estuarine Complex, south Brazil
Figure 5. Abundance of the main meroplanktonic taxa in Laranjeiras (stations 1 to 4) and Paranaguá (stations 5 to 8) bays, between August 2003 and June 2004.
Figure 4 in Comparison of zooplankton community structure between impacted and non-impacted areas of Paranaguá Bay Estuarine Complex, south Brazil
Figure 4. Abundance of the main holoplanktonic taxa (except for Copepoda) in Laranjeiras (stations 1 to 4) and Paranaguá (stations 5 to 8) bays, between August 2003 and June 2004. Note the different scales.
Figure 3 in Comparison of zooplankton community structure between impacted and non-impacted areas of Paranaguá Bay Estuarine Complex, south Brazil
Figure 3. Abundance of numerically dominant copepod species in Laranjeiras (stations 1 to 4) and Paranaguá (stations 5 to 8) bays, between August 2003 and June 2004. Note the different scales.
Figure 2 in Comparison of zooplankton community structure between impacted and non-impacted areas of Paranaguá Bay Estuarine Complex, south Brazil
Figure 2. Rainfall data, and mean temperature and salinity in the Paranaguá Bay Estuarine Complex, between August 2003 and June 2004. Error bars represent the standard deviation.
Figure 6 in Comparison of zooplankton community structure between impacted and non-impacted areas of Paranaguá Bay Estuarine Complex, south Brazil
Figure 6. Principal component analysis for temperature, salinity, rainfall data and phytoplankton abundance, and abundance of the main zooplankton taxa.
Microclimate temperatures impact nesting preference in Megachile rotundata
<p>The temperature of the nest influences fitness in cavity-nesting bees. Females may choose 14 nest cavities that mitigate their offspring's exposure to stressful temperatures. This study aims to 15 understand how cavity temperature impacts the nesting preference of the solitary bee Megachile 16 rotundata under field conditions. We designed and 3D printed nest boxes that measured the 17 temperatures of 432 cavities. Nest boxes were four-sided with cavity entrances facing northeast, 18 northwest, southeast, and southwest. Nest boxes were placed along an alfalfa field in Fargo, ND 19 and were observed daily for completed nests. Our study found that cavity temperature varied by 20 direction the cavity faced and by the position of the cavity within the nest box. The southwest 21 sides recorded the highest maximum temperatures while the northeast sides recorded the lowest 22 maximum temperatures. Nesting females filled cavities on the north-facing sides faster than 23 cavities on the south-facing sides. The bees preferred to nest in cavities with lower average 24 temperatures during foraging hours, and cavities that faced to the north. The direction the cavity 25 faced was associated with the number of offspring per nest. The southwest-facing cavities had 26 fewer offspring than nests on the northeast side. Our study indicates that the nesting box acts as a 27 microclimate, with temperature varying by position and direction of the cavity. Variation in 28 cavity temperature affected where females chose to nest, but not their reproductive investment.</p>
Sediment routing and anthropogenic impact in the Huanghe River catchment, China: an investigation using Nd isotopes of river sediments
<p>Table A1. Sampling locations, Sr-Nd isotopes, geochemical compositions and grain size parameters of Huanghe and loess sediments investigated.</p> <p>Table A2. Annual sediment load (Mt/yr) at major gauging stations along the Huanghe mainstream.</p> <p>Table A3. Nd isotopic compositions of major tectonic terranes and sources in the Huanghe basin (literature data).</p> <p>Table A4. Nd isotopes and geochemical compositions of rocks in the North China Craton.</p> <p>Table A5. Nd model ages of rocks from North China Craton (NCC), only rocks with Th/Sc, Th/Cr, Th/Co and Sm/Nd ratios within the range of references for NCC-UC have been selected.</p> <p>Table A6. Nd isotopes mixing of sediments from the lower Huanghe.</p>
Poor quality monitoring data underestimate the impact of Australia's megafires on a critically endangered songbird
<p>Aim: Catastrophic events such as south-eastern Australia's 2019/20 megafires are predicted to increase in frequency and severity under climate change. Rapid, well-informed conservation prioritisation will become increasingly crucial for minimising biodiversity losses resulting from megafires. However, such assessments are susceptible to bias, because the quality of monitoring data underpinning knowledge of species' distributions is highly variable and they fail to account for differences in life-history traits such as aggregative breeding. We aimed to assess how impact estimates of the 2019/20 megafires on the critically endangered regent honeyeater <i>Anthochaera phrygia </i>varied according to the quality of available input data and assessment methodology.</p> <p>Innovation: Using Google Earth Engine Burnt Area Mapping, we estimated the impact of the megafires on the regent honeyeater using six monitoring datasets that differ in quality and temporal span. These datasets are representative of the variable quality of monitoring data available for assessing fire impact on 326 other threatened species; most are poorly monitored and few have standardised, species-specific monitoring programs. We found that assessments based on Area of Occupancy (AOO), Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and public sightings underestimated the fire impact relative to recent, targeted monitoring datasets; a MaxEnt model, sightings from a national monitoring program and nest locations since 2015. Using an impact threshold of 30% of habitat burned, regent honeyeaters would not meet this criteria using estimates derived from EOO, AOO or public sightings, but would exceed the cut-off based on estimates derived from the targeted monitoring data that account for population density.</p> <p>Main conclusions: To ensure that conservation prioritisation has the greatest capacity to minimise biodiversity losses, we highlight the need to improve targeted, threatened species monitoring. We demonstrate the importance of using recent, standardised monitoring data to estimate accurately the impact of major ecological disturbances, particularly for declining, nomadic species undergoing range contractions.</p>
Figure 15 in Correlation of heteromorphic life instars in terrestrial Parasitengona mites and its impact on taxonomy - the case of Leptus molochinus (C. L. Koch, 1837) and Leptus ignotus (Oudemans, 1903) (Acari: Trombidiformes: Prostigmata: Erythraeidae)
Figure 15. Leptus molochinus (C. L. Koch, 1837), larva, scanning electron micrograph. Tarsus II termination.
Figure 13 in Correlation of heteromorphic life instars in terrestrial Parasitengona mites and its impact on taxonomy - the case of Leptus molochinus (C. L. Koch, 1837) and Leptus ignotus (Oudemans, 1903) (Acari: Trombidiformes: Prostigmata: Erythraeidae)
Figure 13. Leptus molochinus (C. L. Koch, 1837), larva, scanning electron micrograph. Vestigiala on genu II and solenidion on tibia II.
Figure 12 in Correlation of heteromorphic life instars in terrestrial Parasitengona mites and its impact on taxonomy - the case of Leptus molochinus (C. L. Koch, 1837) and Leptus ignotus (Oudemans, 1903) (Acari: Trombidiformes: Prostigmata: Erythraeidae)
Figure 12. Leptus molochinus (C. L. Koch, 1837), larva, scanning electron micrograph. Odontus and palp tarsus.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.