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9,937 results for “Endemicity”
FIGURE 9 in A new, narrowly endemic species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi and Alabama
FIGURE 9. Results from the LDA based on 17 linear morphometric measurements derived from Bingham et al. (2018). Significant separation (i.e., a majority of 95% ellipse volume) is observed between all three related or sympatric species, with the predominant loadings occurring primarily on trunk slenderness and craniofacial characteristics (see Fig. 10).
FIGURE 6 in A new, narrowly endemic species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi and Alabama
FIGURE 6. The northernmost locality, in the floodplain of Cowart Branch (MS: Greene) near the Leaf River. The site contains extensive bottomland blackwater cypress swamps.
FIGURE 8. Resulting areas from the endemicity analysis with a in Effect of cell size and thresholds in NDM/NVDM methods on recognizing areas of endemism
FIGURE 8. Resulting areas from the endemicity analysis with a progressive elimination of species. A. Areas obtained in the two runs after choosing the appropriate ei (ei minimum: 0.8, cell size 1 ° x 1 °). B. areas obtained in the analysis obtained after choosing the appropriate ei (ei minimum: 0.8, cell size 0.5 ° x 0.5 °). For the list of taxa that support each area, see Table S4.
FIGURE 7 in Effect of cell size and thresholds in NDM/NVDM methods on recognizing areas of endemism
FIGURE 7. Consensus areas supported by taxa with non-sympatric distribution, cell size 0.25° x 0.25° cell. The different letter indicates the species' minimum ei value that supports the areas of endemism in each analysis. A: no definition of ei minimum, B: ei minimum = 1, C: ei minimum = 0.9, D: ei minimum = 0.8, E: ei minimum = 0.7 and F: ei minimum = 0. On each map, we display the corresponding final area number. For the list of taxa that support each area, see Table S3.
FIGURE 3 in Effect of cell size and thresholds in NDM/NVDM methods on recognizing areas of endemism
FIGURE 3. Endemism's final areas resulted from the six analyses varying the minimum ei with 0.5 ° x 0.5 ° cells. The different letter indicates the species' ei minimum value that supports the areas in each run. A: no definition of ei minimum, B: ei minimum = 1, C: ei minimum = 0.9, D: ei minimum = 0.8, E: ei minimum = 0.7 and F: ei minimum = 0. On each map, we display the corresponding final area number. For the list of taxa that support each area, see Table S1.
FIGURE 2 in Effect of cell size and thresholds in NDM/NVDM methods on recognizing areas of endemism
FIGURE 2. Endemism's final areas resulted from the six analyses varying the minimum ei with 1 ° x 1 ° cells. The different letter indicates the species' minimum ei value supporting each run. A: no definition of ei minimum, B: ei minimum = 1, C: ei minimum = 0.9, D: ei minimum = 0.8, E: ei minimum = 0.7 and F: ei minimum = 0. On each map, we display the corresponding final area number. For the list of taxa that support each area, see Table S1.
FIGURE 5 in Effect of cell size and thresholds in NDM/NVDM methods on recognizing areas of endemism
FIGURE 5. Consensus areas supported by taxa with non-sympatric distribution, cell size 1° x 1° cell. The different letter indicates the species' ei minimum value that supports the areas of endemism in each analysis. A: no definition of ei minimum, B: ei minimum = 1, C: ei minimum = 0.9, D: ei minimum = 0.8, E: ei minimum = 0.7 and F: ei minimum = 0. On each map, we display the corresponding final area number. For the list of taxa that support each area, see Table S3.
FIGURE 6 in Effect of cell size and thresholds in NDM/NVDM methods on recognizing areas of endemism
FIGURE 6. Consensus areas supported by taxa with non-sympatric distribution, cell size 0.5°x0.5° cell. The different letter indicates the species' minimum ei value that supports the areas of endemism in each analysis. A: no definition of ei minimum, B: ei minimum = 1, C: ei minimum = 0.9, D: ei minimum = 0.8, E: ei minimum = 0.7 and F: ei minimum = 0. On each map, we display the corresponding final area number. For the list of taxa that support each area, see Table S3.
FIGURE 4 in Effect of cell size and thresholds in NDM/NVDM methods on recognizing areas of endemism
FIGURE 4. Final endemism areas resulted from the six analyses varying the minimum ei with 0.25 ° x 0.25 ° cells. The different letter indicates the species' minimum value that supports the areas in each run. A: no definition of ei minimum, B: ei minimum = 1, C: ei minimum = 0.9, D: ei minimum = 0.8, E: ei minimum = 0.7 and F: ei minimum = 0. On each map, we display the corresponding final area number. For the list of taxa that support each area, see Table S1.
FIGURE 2. Euphorbia berryi. A. Branchlets. B. Flowering branchlet. C. Leaf apex. D. Seeds. E. Cyathium and leaves. F. Cyathium. G. Stipules. All photos from E.L in Euphorbia berryi: a narrowly endemic Brazilian species
FIGURE 2. Euphorbia berryi. A. Branchlets. B. Flowering branchlet. C. Leaf apex. D. Seeds. E. Cyathium and leaves. F. Cyathium. G. Stipules. All photos from E.L. Taylor et al. E1207 (F).
FIGURE 2. A-B in Taxonomical remarks on Promenaea microptera (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae): the rediscovery of a poorly known micro-endemic orchid from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE 2. A-B: Flowering specimens of Promenaea microptera Reichenbach in Nova Friburgo, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Photographed by Jorge Rodrigues Gastin.
Data from: Simulated winter warming negatively impacts survival of Antarctica's only endemic insect
<p>Antarctic winters are challenging for terrestrial invertebrates, and species that live there have specialized adaptations to conserve energy and protect against cold injury in the winter. However, rapidly occurring climate change in these regions will increase the unpredictability of winter conditions, and there is currently a dearth of knowledge on how the highly adapted invertebrates of Antarctica will respond to changes in winter temperatures.</p> <p>We evaluated the response of larvae of the Antarctic midge, <em>Belgica antarctica</em>, to simulated winters at three ecologically relevant mean temperature scenarios: Warm (-1 °C), Normal (-3 °C) and Cold (-5 °C). Within each scenario, larvae were placed into three distinct habitat types in which they are commonly observed (decaying organic matter, living moss, and <em>Prasiola crispa algae</em>). Following the simulated overwintering period, a range of physiological outcomes were measured, namely survival, locomotor activity, tissue damage, energy store levels and molecular stress responses.</p> <p>Survival, energy stores and locomotor activity were significantly lower following the Warm overwintering environment than at lower temperatures, but tissue damage and heat shock protein expression (a proxy for protein damage) did not significantly differ between the three temperatures. Survival was also significantly lower in larvae overwintered in <em>Prasiola crispa</em> algae, although the underlying mechanism is unclear. Heat shock proteins were expressed least in larvae overwintering in living moss, suggesting it is less stressful to overwinter in this substrate, perhaps due to a more defined structure affording less direct contact with ice.</p> <p>Our results demonstrate that a realistic 2 °C increase in winter microhabitat temperature reduces survival and causes energy deficits that have implications for subsequent development and reproduction. While our Warm winter scenario was close to the range of observed overwintering temperatures for this species, warmer winters are expected to become more common in response to climate change. Conversely, if climate change reduces the length of winter, some of the negative consequences of winter warming may be attenuated, so it will be important to consider this factor in future studies. Nonetheless, our results indicate that winter warming could negatively impact cold-adapted insects like the Antarctic midge.</p>
FIGURE 1. Handroanthus abayoy Villarroel & G.A. Parada. A. Leaves. B. Flowers and inflorescence. C. Fruits. D. Seed. E. Calyx. A & B. G.A. Parada 5609 in Handroanthus abayoy, a new species of Bignoniaceae endemic from Bolivia
FIGURE 1. Handroanthus abayoy Villarroel & G.A. Parada. A. Leaves. B. Flowers and inflorescence. C. Fruits. D. Seed. E. Calyx. A & B. G.A. Parada 5609 (holotype); C. G.A. Parada 5484 (paratype); D. J.R.I. Wood & P. Pozo 25078 (paratype); E. D. Villarroel 6274 (paratype).
FIGURE 2 in Handroanthus abayoy, a new species of Bignoniaceae endemic from Bolivia
FIGURE 2. Photographs of Handroanthus abayoy. A. habit. B. trifoliolate leaves. C. lateral leaflets with asymmetric base, glaucous upper surface and margin cartilaginous. D. lateral leaflets with asymmetric base, cinereous lower surface, nectaries and margin cartilaginous. E. inflorescence. F. corolla lobes, yellow spots on the throat of the tube. G. calyx and pedicels pulverulent. H. stamen, ovary and style. I. fruit. Photographs by G. Alexander Parada (A–H, G.A. Parada 5609; I, G.A. Parada 5484).
Distribution. Endemic to West Java Province, Indonesia, known only from two localities, Cibadak and Cibodas, in the Bogor area just S ofJakarta. in Molossidae
Distribution. Endemic to West Java Province, Indonesia, known only from two localities, Cibadak and Cibodas, in the Bogor area just S ofJakarta.
Distribution. Endemic to Papua NewGuinea, known only from two localities, Vailala River near Kerema, in Gulf Province, and Mai-u River near Mt Suckling, in Oro Province. in Molossidae
Distribution. Endemic to Papua NewGuinea, known only from two localities, Vailala River near Kerema, in Gulf Province, and Mai-u River near Mt Suckling, in Oro Province.
Distribution. Endemic to Papua New Guinea, known only from three localities, including Tapu in Madang Province, Kimi Creek Camp in Eastern Highlands Province, and Hohola, Port Moresby. in Molossidae
Distribution. Endemic to Papua New Guinea, known only from three localities, including Tapu in Madang Province, Kimi Creek Camp in Eastern Highlands Province, and Hohola, Port Moresby.
FIGURE 8 in Taxonomic revision of Lychnocephalus (Lychnophorinae, Vernonieae, Asteraceae), an endemic genus of the Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil
FIGURE 8. Distribution of Lychnocephalus sellovii (triangle) and Lychnocephalus tomentosus (pentagon) (EPA = Environmental Protection Area; NM= Natural Monument; NP= National Park; PNHR= Private Natural Heritage Reserve; SP= State Park).
FIGURE 9. Lychnocephalus tomentosus. A. Flowering branch. B. Leaf adaxial surface. C. Leaf abaxial surface. D. Syncephalium. E. Capitulum. F. Outer phyllary and inner phyllary. G in Taxonomic revision of Lychnocephalus (Lychnophorinae, Vernonieae, Asteraceae), an endemic genus of the Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil
FIGURE 9. Lychnocephalus tomentosus. A. Flowering branch. B. Leaf adaxial surface. C. Leaf abaxial surface. D. Syncephalium. E. Capitulum. F. Outer phyllary and inner phyllary. G. Corolla, androecium, and style. H. Cypsela.
FIGURE 7. Lychnocephalus mellobarretoi. A. Flowering branch. B. Leaf adaxial surface. C. Leaf abaxial surface. D. Syncephalium. E. Capitulum. F. Outer phyllary and inner phyllary. G in Taxonomic revision of Lychnocephalus (Lychnophorinae, Vernonieae, Asteraceae), an endemic genus of the Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil
FIGURE 7. Lychnocephalus mellobarretoi. A. Flowering branch. B. Leaf adaxial surface. C. Leaf abaxial surface. D. Syncephalium. E. Capitulum. F. Outer phyllary and inner phyllary. G. Corolla, androecium, and style. H. Cypsela. L. sellovii. I. Flowering branch. J. Leaf abaxial surface. K. Leaf adaxial surface. L. Syncephalium. M. Capitulum. N. Outer phyllary and inner phyllary. O. Corolla, androecium, and style. P. Cypsela.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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