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29,897 results for “activism”
The effects of exploratory behavior on physical activity in a common animal model of human disease, zebrafish (Danio rerio)
<p>Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are widely accepted as a multidisciplinary vertebrate model for neurobehavioral and clinical studies, and more recently have become established as a model for exercise physiology and behavior. Individual differences in activity level (e.g., exploration) have been characterized in zebrafish, however, how different levels of exploration correspond to differences in motivation to engage in swimming behavior has not yet been explored. We screened individual zebrafish in two tests of exploration: the open field and novel tank diving tests. The fish were then exposed to a tank in which they could choose to enter a compartment with a flow of water (as a means of testing voluntary motivation to exercise). After a 2-day habituation period, behavioral observations were conducted. We used correlative analyses to investigate the robustness of the different exploration tests. Due to the complexity of dependent behavioral variables, we used machine learning to determine the personality variables that were best at predicting swimming behavior. Our results show that contrary to our predictions, the correlation between novel tank diving test variables and open field test variables was relatively weak. Novel tank diving variables were more correlated with themselves than open field variables were to each other. Males exhibited stronger relationships between behavioral variables than did females. In terms of swimming behavior, fish that spent more time in the swimming zone spent more time actively swimming, however, swimming behavior was inconsistent across the time of the study. All relationships between swimming variables and exploration tests were relatively weak, though novel tank diving test variables had stronger correlations. Machine learning showed that three novel tank diving variables (entries top/bottom, movement rate, average top entry duration) and one open field variable (proportion of time spent frozen) were the best predictors of swimming behavior, demonstrating that the novel tank diving test is a powerful tool to investigate exploration. Increased knowledge about how individual differences in exploration may play a role in swimming behavior in zebrafish is fundamental to their utility as a model of exercise physiology and behavior.</p>
Replication Package for Paper "How Early Participation Determines Long-Term Sustained Activity in GitHub Projects"
<p>This replication package can be used for replicating results in the paper. It contains 1) a dataset of 290,255 repositories; and 2) Python scripts for training and interpreting models. </p> <p>We recommend manually setup the required environment in a commodity Linux machine with at least 1 CPU Core, 8GB Memory and 100GB empty storage space. We conduct development and execute all our experiments on a Ubuntu 20.04 server with two Intel Xeon Gold CPUs, 320GB memory, and 36TB RAID 5 Storage.</p> <p>We use GHTorrent to restore historical states of 290,255 repositories with more than 57 commits, 4 PRs, 1 issue, 1 fork and 2 stars. The raw data of repositories are stored in `Replication Package/data/prodata.pkl`, and the contribution of features resulting from LIME model is stored in `Replication Package/data/limeres_m2_k1.pkl`. We sort items by the order in `Replication Package/data/randind.npy`, which can be used to reproduce the same results as in the paper. <br> `Replication Package/data/X_test_m2_k1.pkl` and `Replication Package/data/y_test_m2_k1.pkl` store the test dataset for the LIME model. You can run `Replication Package/fitdata.py` to get the results in Table III and IV, run `Replication Package/draw_compare_variable.py` to get Figure 2 and run `Replication Package/allvari_statistics.py` to get Table II. In `Replication Package/Variable_comparison_with_different_parameter.pdf`, we show the LIME results under different parameters. In `Replication Package/sample_pros.csv`, we also provide the list of randomly selected repositories in Section III.B.</p>
Replication Package for Paper "How Early Participation Determines Long-Term Sustained Activity in GitHub Projects"
<p>This replication package can be used for replicating results in the paper. It contains 1) a dataset of 290,255 repositories; and 2) Python scripts for training and interpreting models. </p> <p>We recommend manually setup the required environment in a commodity Linux machine with at least 1 CPU Core, 8GB Memory and 100GB empty storage space. We conduct development and execute all our experiments on a Ubuntu 20.04 server with two Intel Xeon Gold CPUs, 320GB memory, and 36TB RAID 5 Storage.</p> <p>We use GHTorrent to restore historical states of 290,255 repositories with more than 57 commits, 4 PRs, 1 issue, 1 fork and 2 stars. The raw data of repositories are stored in `Replication Package/data/prodata.pkl`, and the contribution of features resulting from LIME model is stored in `Replication Package/data/limeres_m2_k1.pkl`. We sort items by the order in `Replication Package/data/randind.npy`, which can be used to reproduce the same results as in the paper. <br> `Replication Package/data/X_test_m2_k1.pkl` and `Replication Package/data/y_test_m2_k1.pkl` store the test dataset for the LIME model. You can run `Replication Package/fitdata.py` to get the results in Table III and IV, run `Replication Package/draw_compare_variable.py` to get Figure 2 and run `Replication Package/allvari_statistics.py` to get Table II. In `Replication Package/Variable_comparison_with_different_parameter.pdf`, we show the LIME results under different parameters. In `Replication Package/sample_pros.csv`, we also provide the list of randomly selected repositories in Section III.B.</p>
Microhabitat use, daily activity pattern and diet of Liolaemus etheridgei in the Andean Polylepis forests of Arequipa, Peru
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>This study describes the microhabitat use, daily activity pattern and diet of</span><span> </span><em><span>Liolaemus etheridgei</span></em><span> </span><span>Laurent 1998 in</span><span> the</span><span> El Simbral and Tuctumpaya</span><span> </span><em><span>Polylepis</span></em><span> </span><span>forests in Arequipa, Peru. El Simbral is a fragmented forest, whereas Tuctumpaya is unfragmented.</span><span> O</span><span>ur results reveal that</span><span> </span><em><span>L. etheridgei</span></em><span> </span><span>shows no positive selection for any of the microhabitats we identified in</span><span> </span><em><span>Polylepis</span></em><span> </span><span>forests; on the contrary, it selects negatively against</span><span> </span><em><span>Polylepis</span></em><span> </span><span>trees and non-thorny bushes. The daily activity patterns indicate a bimodal pattern with peaks at 9:00-10:59 and 13:00-13:59 h. The diet of</span><span> </span><em><span>L. etheridgei</span></em><span> </span><span>consists mainly of plant material, and the most important animal prey category is Lygaeidae: Hemiptera, which is selected</span><span> for</span><span> positively. In particular, microhabitat selection varied </span><span>for</span><span> non-thorny bushes, which were selected negatively in the Tuctumpaya population but neither positively nor negatively in the El Simbral population. According to the proportions of plant material found, the</span><span> </span><em><span>L. etheridgei</span></em><span> </span><span>from El Simbral w</span><span>ere</span><span> found to be omnivorous, whereas the Tuctumpaya population </span><span>was</span><span>herbivorous. However, </span><span>the percentage of </span><span>plant material</span><span> consumed in the El Simbral</span><span> </span><span>population was</span><span> close to the critical value for herbivory-omnivory. We conclude that the three ecological aspects</span><span> of </span><em><span>L. etheridgei</span></em><span> studied </span><span>here </span><span>are virtually identica</span><span>l</span><span> </span><span>in</span><span> El Simbral and Tuctumpaya; therefore, </span><span>this species is not </span><span>affected significantly by the </span><span>current</span><span> fragmentation</span><span> of forest</span><span>.</span></p>
Data set to Remote sensing-supported mapping of the activity of a subterranean landscape engineer across an afro-alpine ecosystem
<p>This data set is part of the article Wraase et al. (2022): Remote sensing -supported mapping of the activity of a subterranean landscape engineer across an afro-alpine ecosystem. Remote sensing in Ecology and Conservation. (https://doi.org/10.1002/RSE2.303)</p> <p>The repository contains a Readme file ("readme.txt") and two additional folders labeled: “input data” and “script”.<br> <br> The first folder contains 13 data files further divided into three subfolders “cca_analysis”, “main_modelling_prc_texture_idx” and “vectors”. Data formats are .csv format for all tables, .rds files for model objects from R and .shp format for all vector data.</p> <p>The second folder contains all 31 R-scripts necessary to do the analysis, as described in the article. Additionally, the folder is further categorized into five subfolders equivalent to the main analysis operations: “cca_analysis”, “landsat_temp_modelling”, “main_modelling_prc”, “maxent” and “texture_idx”.</p>
Supplementary dataset for the research article "Abrupt increase in ENSO variability at 700 CE triggered by solar activity"
<p>The dataset includes coral Sr/Ca ratio from the Xisha Islands during 665-749 CE for the research article "<strong>Abrupt increase in ENSO variability at 700 CE triggered by solar activity</strong>" by Jiang et al.</p>
Differential response of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys to climate change and human activities
<p><strong><span>Aim</span></strong><span>: Determining the mechanisms by which climate change and human activities affect patterns of ecological specialization in different genetic units of the same species is crucial for developing local or regionally-based conservation solutions. This study uses species distribution models and genetic analysis to 1) identify evidence of intraspecific differences in the population size and distribution of the three extant lineages (Sichuan/Gansu (SG), Qinling (QL), and Shennongjia (SNJ)) of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys; and 2) determine why some lineages have lower population numbers, a smaller geographical distribution, and are more threatened with extinction.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Location</strong>:</span><span> China</span></p> <p><span><strong>Methods</strong>:</span><span> We used n-dimensional hypervolume modeling and Genotype–Environment Association (GEA) models to compare the climatic niches of three snub-nosed monkey lineages, SDMs to reconstruct the historical, current, and future distributions of each lineage, and SMC++ to calculate their effective population sizes. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Results</strong>:</span><span> We found evidence of: 1) climatic niche differentiation among the SG, QL, and SNJ lineages of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys; 2) geographical isolation combined with a decrease in population size during the LGM resulted in ecological specialization among these three lineages; and 3) a decline in climatic suitability and anthropogenically-driven land conversion, combined with small population size and a narrow distributional range, indicate that the SNJ lineage is at a greater risk of extinction than the SG and QL lineages.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Main</strong> <strong>conclusions</strong>: </span><span>We demonstrate that during the LGM a reduction in habitat suitability</span> <span>driven by climate change, in concert with decreasing population size resulted in the geographical isolation of the three Sichuan snub-nosed monkey subpopulations, leading to lineage differences in ecological specialization</span><span>.</span> <span>GEA models and hypervolume models demonstrated that the three lineages occupy different ecological niches. Based on lineage-level models, the SNJ and QL lineages should be the immediate focus of conservation efforts due to their </span><span>small effective population size and expected future reductions in available suitable habitat</span><span>. The modeling approach used here</span> <span>is robust and can be applied effectively to examine the biogeography, recent evolutionary history, and effective population size of other endangered animal taxa.</span></p>
Dataset for "Number-size distribution and CCN activity of atmospheric aerosols in the western North Pacific during spring pre-bloom period: Influences of terrestrial and marine sources, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."
<p>A cruise observation was conducted over the western North Pacific Ocean in March 2015. The dataset in the excel sheet contains aerosol number-size distributions and CCN number concentrations along with ship positions and date/time. This dataset is for Kawana et al. in Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres.</p> <p>Kaori Kawana, Yuzo Miyazaki, Yuko Omori, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Sara Kagami, Koji Suzuki, Youhei Yamashita, Jun Nishioka, Yange Deng, Hikari Yai, and Michihiro Mochida: Number-size distribution and CCN activity of atmospheric aerosols in the western North Pacific during spring pre-bloom period: Influences of terrestrial and marine sources, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.</p>
A Large TV Dataset for Speech and Music Activity Detection
<p>Automatic speech and music activity detection (SMAD) is an enabling task that can help segment, index, and pre-process audio content in radio broadcast and TV programs. However, due to copyright concerns and the cost of manual annotation, the limited availability of diverse and sizeable datasets hinders the progress of state-of-the-art (SOTA) data-driven approaches. We address this challenge by presenting a large-scale dataset containing Mel spectrogram, VGGish, and MFCCs features extracted from around 1600 hours of professionally produced audio tracks and their corresponding noisy labels indicating the approximate location of speech and music segments. The labels are derived from several sources such as subtitles. A test set curated by human annotators is also included as a subset for evaluation. To the best of our knowledge, this dataset is the first large-scale, open-sourced dataset that contains features extracted from professionally produced audio tracks and their corresponding frame-level speech and music annotations. </p>
watchHAR: A Smartwatch IMU dataset for Activities of Daily Living
<pre># watchHAR: A Smartwatch IMU dataset for Activities of Daily Living This is a dataset of IMU recordings (3-axial acceleration, 3-axial gyroscope, and 3-axial magnetometer) recorded with Sony Smartwatch 3, along with ground truth location data from a vicon motion capture system. Smartwatch IMU and vicon location data exist for the users' left and right hands, as well as vicon location data from their left and right ankles. The recoded data cover the following `activity_id`s: * `brushing_teeth` * `idle` * `preparing_sandwich` * `reading_book` * `typing` * `using_phone` * `using_remote_control` * `walking_freely` * `walking_holding_a_tray` * `walking_with_handbag` * `walking_with_hands_in_pockets` * `walking_with_object_underarm` * `washing_face_and_hands` * `washing_mug` * `washing_plate` * `writing`, all of which were recorded in the same room, across the span of several days. In addition to these activities, walking stairs up and down (`activity_id`s `stairs_up` and `stairs_down`) events were recorded in various different locations. Note that for these stairs events only Smartwatch IMU recordings exist, and only from the dominant hand of the participants, which coincided with the right hand in all cases. The data are organised in the following folder structure: `user_id/activity_id/recording_type.csv`. Stair events are a special case in that multiple up/down stair recordings can exist for a single user. These are separated like the following example ``` `user_01/stairs_down-02/smartwatch_right_hand.csv` ``` that points to the IMU data of the second `stairs_down` recording of the first user. Finally, note that all timestamps refer to a UTC timezone, and that data collection took place in the United Kingdom. </pre>
mmWave Radar and RGB-D Camera Sensor Data for Human Activity Recognition(2)
<p>This is a supplementary dataset, which is linked to https://zenodo.org/record/7088054#.YyVF3ehBwQ8. The dataset is composed of corner radar point cloud data and front radar point cloud data collected from environments existing obstacles between volunteers and sensors. </p>
eBird data for: Avian behaviour changes in response to human activity during the COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom
<p>Human activities may impact animal habitat and resource use, potentially influencing contemporary evolution in animals. In the United Kingdom (UK), COVID-19 lockdown restrictions resulted in sudden, drastic alterations to human activity. We hypothesized that short-term daily and long-term seasonal changes in human mobility might result in changes in bird habitat use, depending on the mobility type (home, parks, grocery) and the extent of change. Using Google human mobility data and 872 850 bird observations, we determined that during lockdown, human mobility changes resulted in altered habitat use in 80% (20/25) of our focal bird species. When humans spent more time at home, over half of affected species had lower counts, perhaps resulting from the disturbance of birds in garden habitats. Bird counts of some species (e.g. rooks, gulls) increased over the short-term as humans spent more time parks, possibly due to human-sourced food resources (e.g. picnic refuse), while counts of other species (e.g. tits and sparrows) decreased. All affected species increased counts when humans spent less time at grocery services. Avian species rapidly adjusted to the novel environmental conditions and demonstrated behavioural plasticity, but with diverse responses, reflecting the different interactions and pressures caused by human activity.</p>
Dataset for "Emerging tremors and increasing seismic noise precede micro-earthquakes triggered in a fluid-activated shale fault slip experiment (2015, Mt Terri URL, Switzerland)"
<p>This dataset contains the raw data of the injection experiment, performed in the Mt Terri Underground Platform in 2015 and used in the article:</p> <p><strong>De Barros, L., </strong>Guglielmi, Y., F. Cappa, C. Nussbaum, J. Birkholzer, 2023. Induced microseismicity and tremor signatures illuminate different slip behaviors in a natural shale fault reactivated by a fluid pressure stimulation (Mont Terri), <em>Geophysical Journal International</em>, 10.1093/gji/ggad231<br> <br> From a horizontal gallery, three vertical boreholes allowed the deployment of an injection probe (called SIMFIP; Guglielmi et al., 2014) and the monitoring sensors in the upper compartment of a N50°-60°SE fault zone. The 2.4 m long injection chamber of the SIMFIP probe was centered at 340.6 m depth, where a 3D displacement sensor was anchored on the borehole walls. A second SIMFIP probe is located 3.1 m northwest of the injection at a depth of 337.65 m, with another deformation sensor. Both deformation sensors measured the full strain tensor thanks to a Bragg optic fiber network, jointly with a fluid pressure sensor. A third borehole, located 2 m north of the monitoring probe, was dedicated to seismic monitoring. Two sets of collocated sensors, composed of a vertical geophone, a 3C accelerometer and an acoustic sensor, were positioned 9 m apart, above and below the main fault zone. These seismic sensors have a flat response in the ranges 0.01-0.5 kHz, 0.01-4 kHz and 0.5-10 kHz, respectively. Finally, the flowrate and pressure were also measured at the injection pump, located in the gallery.<br> For more details on the injection, we refer the reader to:<br> • Jeanne, P., Guglielmi, Y., Rutqvist, J., Nussbaum, C., Birkholzer, J., 2018. Permeability Variations Associated With Fault Reactivation in a Claystone Formation Investigated by Field Experiments and Numerical Simulations. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 123, 1694–1710. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB015149<br> • Guglielmi, Y., Nussbaum, C., Cappa, F., De Barros, L., Rutqvist, J., Birkholzer, J., 2021. Field-scale fault reactivation experiments by fluid injection highlight aseismic leakage in caprock analogs: Implications for CO2 sequestration. Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control 111, 103471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103471<br> • Guglielmi, Y., Nussbaum, C., Jeanne, P., Rutqvist, J., Cappa, F., Birkholzer, J., 2020. Complexity of Fault Rupture and Fluid Leakage in Shale: Insights From a Controlled Fault Activation Experiment. J.Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 125, e2019JB017781. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB017781<br> • Guglielmi, Y., Cappa, F., Lançon, H., Janowczyk, J.B., Rutqvist, J., Tsang, C.F., Wang, J.S.Y., 2014. ISRM Suggested Method for Step-Rate Injection Method for Fracture In-Situ Properties (SIMFIP): Using a 3-Components Borehole Deformation Sensor. Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 47, 303–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-013-0517-1</p>
Litter and root traits control soil microbial composition and enzyme activities in 28 common subtropical tree species
<p><span>1. </span><span>Plant trait-based approaches are frequently used to explore the linkages between aboveground plant communities and belowground ecosystem functions. However, the role of plant leaf litter and living root traits in driving soil microbial biomass, community composition, and enzyme activities has rarely been explored.</span></p> <p><span>2. </span><span>Here, we measured the soil microbial biomass, community composition and enzyme activities related to carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) acquisition under three-year-old monocultures of 28 common subtropical tree species in China.</span></p> <p><span>3. </span><span>We found that plant leaf litter and absorptive root traits, including leaf litter C content, litter water holding capacity, and root N content, were the three best predictors for soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities. In particular, resource-exploitative tree species with higher root N contents were associated with microbial communities with lower fungi to bacteria ratios and lower C- and P-acquisition enzyme activities. Tree species with higher leaf litter water holding capacity were associated with microbial resource acquisition strategies for C and P acquisition.</span></p> <p><span>4. </span><span>Synthesis: Our findings highlighted that plant leaf litter and root traits are important for mechanistically understanding the ecological linkage between the plant community and ecosystem functions.</span></p>
Effect of dietary Chlorella vulgaris and carbohydrate-active enzymes on the general health, immune status, antioxidant capacity, and liver lipids and metabolites of weaned piglets
<p>It was evaluated the impact of dietary inclusion of <em>Chlorella vulgaris </em>(CH) and carbohydrases on the general health, immune and oxidative status, and hepatic lipids and metabolites of piglets. Forty-four male weaned piglets were allocated into four diets: control (<em>n</em>=11), CH (control diet with 5% CH, <em>n</em>=10), CH+R (control diet with 5% CH plus 0.005% Rovabio<sup>®</sup>Excel AP, <em>n</em>=10), and CH+M (control diet with 5% CH plus 0.01% of a pre-selected four-CAZyme mixture, <em>n</em>=11) for 15 days. Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol were increased by CH. In piglets fed CH<em>-</em>based diets, the interplay observed between IgG increase and IgM decrease contributed for piglets’ survival during weaning. <em>n</em>-6 PUFA were lower in piglets fed CH with or without feed enzymes and the inverse occurred for <em>n</em>-3 PUFA, thus benefiting <em>n</em>-6/<em>n</em>-3 ratio in the liver. The discriminant analysis applied to hepatic variables revealed a good separation between control and CH-based diets but failed to discriminate feed enzymes addition. Minor variations were promoted by Rovabio or the pre-selected enzymatic mixture, thus suggesting some improvement on microalga nutrients digestibility. Taken together, our findings indicate a health promoting effect of CH as feed ingredient in piglets’ nutrition during the weaning period, without negatively impacting on animals’ performance.</p> <p> </p>
Data for Cell Reports paper "Cortex-wide spontaneous activity non-linearly steers propagating sensory-evoked activity in awake mice"
<p>Datasets for Cell Reports paper "Cortex-wide spontaneous activity non-linearly steers propagating sensory-evoked activity in awake mice", including mouse cortical neural activity recording (preprocessed), behavioral recording and other analysis results during intermedia computation steps.</p>
FIGURE 2 in Chub movement is attracted by the collision sounds associated with spawning activities
FIGURE 2. Sound profiles and field experiments. Waveform (rel. amplitude [kUnit] = proportional to the sound pressure of the recording), spectrogram (frequency [kHz]) and power spectral density (PSD, [dB]) of (a) the 3-minutes collision sound, (b) ambient noise and (c) music noise. The right two diagrams highlight the three sounds that fish may sense, including the frequency lower than 8 kHz. (d) Fixed playing order of sound profiles as example for each time of experiment, 5 minutes of music noise; 6 minutes of ambient noise; 3 minutes of collision sound (mating). The bar regions represent 3 minutes of sound for further statistics. Two field experiments with underwater sound player on a putative redd and home-make jerkbaits (e) based on the mature chub's coloration-- (f) Beker without chub-like jerkbaits; (g) Beker with chub-like jerkbaits.
FIGURE 5 in Chub movement is attracted by the collision sounds associated with spawning activities
FIGURE 5. Similar power spectral density (PSD, [dB]) of 3 minutes of collision sound and music noise, compared to ambient noise in FIGURE 2. The PSD demonstrates the energy in each frequency band. If two curves have a similar pattern, it means that those curves have a similar sound frequency composition.
FIGURE 4 in Chub movement is attracted by the collision sounds associated with spawning activities
FIGURE 4. Average numbers of three movement behaviors counted in three sounds, with radom playing order per trial. See FIGURE 1b for the description of three movement behavior types.
FIGURE 3 in Chub movement is attracted by the collision sounds associated with spawning activities
FIGURE 3. Average individual numbers of cohabitated chubs attracted by three sounds with/without playing order and jerkbaits.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.