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opennotspecifiedFeb 2003View details →

F in Morphometry and sexual maturity of the tropical hermit crab Calcinus tibicen (Crustacea, Anomura) from Brazil

F. 1. Calcinus tibicen. Relative growth of left propodus (LPL, left propodus length; LPH, left propodus height) and weight in relation to shield length (SL). The regression equations are given in table 1.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Dataset for Exploring Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Activity in the High-Resolution Community Atmosphere Model

This dataset contains results from high-resolution, tropical cyclone-permitting experiments using Community Atmosphere Model version 5.

FIGURE 10 in A new species of planthopper from Costa Rica in the genus Oropuna from palms in lowland tropical rainforest

FIGURE 10. Holotype of Oropuna fusca; (A) head frontal view, (B) lateral view, (C) dorsal view and (D) ventral view of male terminalia (Harvard University, Cambridge MA; ©President and Fellows of Harvard College, used by permission).

FIGURE 8 in A new species of planthopper from Costa Rica in the genus Oropuna from palms in lowland tropical rainforest

FIGURE 8. Holotype of Phaciocephalus orba (now Oropuna orba); (A) frontal view of head, (B) dorsal view of body, (C) lateral view of body, (D) female pregenital plate, and (E) labels.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of planthopper from Costa Rica in the genus Oropuna from palms in lowland tropical rainforest

FIGURE 6. Line art for the aedeagus of Oropuna halo sp. n.; (A) right lateral view, (B) left lateral view, and (C) dorsal view, E = endosoma structures, A = aedeagal structures.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of planthopper from Costa Rica in the genus Oropuna from palms in lowland tropical rainforest

FIGURE 4. Male Oropuna halo sp. n. terminalia; (A) lateral view, (B) ventral view, and (C) dorsal view.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of planthopper from Costa Rica in the genus Oropuna from palms in lowland tropical rainforest

FIGURE 1. Adult male habitus of Oropuna halo sp. n.; (A) lateral view and (B) dorsal view, scale = 1 mm.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of planthopper from Costa Rica in the genus Oropuna from palms in lowland tropical rainforest

FIGURE 3. Forewing venation of Oropuna halo sp. n.; black = vein, italics = crossvein, orange = cell.

FIGURE 9 in A new species of planthopper from Costa Rica in the genus Oropuna from palms in lowland tropical rainforest

FIGURE 9. Holotype of Oropuna minutiana; (A) dorsal view, (B) lateral view and (C) frontal view of head.

FIGURE 7 in A new species of planthopper from Costa Rica in the genus Oropuna from palms in lowland tropical rainforest

FIGURE 7. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic trees (1,000 replicates) for currently available cenchreine planthoppers with Anotia firebugia as outgroup; (A) COI, (B) 18S, and (C) bootstrap consensus tree for concatenated COI and 18S data.

Data from: Ecological drivers of avian community assembly along a tropical elevation gradient

Community assembly theory hypothesizes that two main niche-based processes act to shape composition and organization of biological assemblages: abiotic filtering and biological interactions. Here, we conducted repeated surveys of bird abundance along an undisturbed elevational gradient in the tropical Andes to investigate (1) signals of deterministic processes driving community assembly and (2) potential mechanisms by which these forces operate (temperature, habitat complexity, fruit and insect availability), while correcting for imperfect detection and modeling species abundances with N-mixture models. We observed strong signals of abiotic filtering driving functionally and phylogenetically clustered assemblages towards higher elevations, and a weaker signal of limiting similarity resulting in few overdispersed assemblages at lower elevations. Whereas the decay in species richness with increasing elevation was explained by temperature, trait and phylogenetic dispersion were explained by both temperature and vegetation structure, implying that an interplay of abiotic and biotic mechanisms determines abundance-based community structure in our montane assemblages. Interestingly, trait and phylogenetic dispersion consistently decreased until ~3000 m but increased above this elevation, highlighting a potential role of competition in resource-scarce habitats. Combined, our findings suggest abiotic filters are still the main process shaping montane biotas across elevations, whereas resource availability might act locally upon assemblages further modifying them. Our study challenges recent studies in tropical mountains that suggest that biotic filters are a stronger force than abiotic filters in shaping tropical montane assemblages, and exemplifies how accounting for imperfect detection might overcome potential biases in detecting environmental filtering signals in community assembly studies.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Genetic structure, phylogeography, adaptive variation and speciation in the tropical tree genus Symphonia

S9.2.1. SNP genotypes of Symphonia globulifera samples generated by Genotyping-by-sequencing S9.4.2. SNP genotypes of Symphonia globulifera and Malagasy Symphonia samples generated by Sequenom technology

Data and supporting information from: Higher metabolic plasticity in temperate compared to tropical lizards suggests increased resilience to climate change

We investigate thermal acclimation of three species of Takydromus lizards distributed along a broad latitudinal gradient in China. The dataset are including metabolic rates, organ size, mitochondrial respiration, Cox activities, proteomic and metabolomic regulations of three Takydromus lizards after warm and cold acclimation in the laboratory. See details in related paper.

Root anatomy helps to reconcile observed root trait syndromes in tropical tree species

Studying the organization of functional traits in plant leaves and stems has revealed notable patterns linking function and form; however, evidence of similarly robust organization in root tissues remains controversial. We posit that anatomical traits in roots can provide insight on the overall organization of the root system. We hypothesize that A) size variation in the tissue outside the stele relates in a non-linear fashion with functional traits associated with direct resource uptake, including a negative relationship with root architectural traits; and B) similar relationships detected in tropical areas also hold true in other biomes. We address our hypotheses using empirical data from 24 tropical tree species in French Guiana, including anatomical measurements in first order roots, and functional trait description for the entire fine root system. In addition, we compiled a global meta-analysis of root trait with 500+ forest species across tropical, subtropical and temperate forests. Our results supported the expected non-linear relationships between cortical size and morphological traits, and a negative linear trend with architectural traits. We confirmed a global negative relationship between SRL, diameter and tissue density, suggesting similar anatomical constraints in root systems across woody plants. However the importance of factors vary across biomes, possibly related to the unequal phylogenetic representation of families across latitudes. Our findings imply that the rhizocentric hypothesis can be a valuable approach to understand fine root trait syndromes and the evolution of absorptive roots in vascular plants.

Seasonal strategies differ between tropical and extratropical herbivores

Seasonal diet shifts and migration are key components of large herbivore population dynamics, but we lack a systematic understanding of how these behaviors are distributed on a macroecological scale. The prevalence of seasonal strategies is likely related to herbivore body size and feeding guild, and may also be influenced by properties of the environment, such as soil nutrient availability and climate seasonality. We evaluated the distribution of seasonal dietary shifts and migration across large-bodied mammalian herbivores and determined how these behaviors related to diet, body size, and environment. We found that herbivore strategies were consistently correlated with their traits: seasonal diet shifts were most prevalent among mixed feeding herbivores and migration among grazers and larger herbivores. Seasonality also played a role, particularly for migration, which was more common at higher latitudes. Both dietary shifts and migration were more widespread among extratropical herbivores, which also exhibited more intermediate diets and body sizes. Our findings suggest that strong seasonality in extratropical systems imposes pressure on herbivores, necessitating widespread behavioral responses to navigate seasonal resource bottlenecks. It follows that tropical and extratropical herbivores may have divergent responses to global change, with intensifying herbivore pressure in extratropical systems contrasting with diminishing herbivore pressure in tropical systems.

Patterns and drivers of leaf-litter ant diversity along a tropical elevational gradient in Mexico

Aim: Given their high environmental variation over relatively short distances, mountains represent ideal systems for evaluating potential factors shaping diversity gradients. Despite a long-standing interest in ecological gradients, ant diversity patterns and their related mechanisms occurring on mountains are still not well understood. Here, we (i) describe species diversity patterns (α and β) of leaf-litter ants along the eastern slope of Cofre de Perote in Veracruz, Mexico, and (ii) evaluate climatic and spatial factors in determining these patterns. Location: Veracruz, Mexico Taxon: Leaf-litter ants Methods: We sampled 320 m2 of leaf litter spread across 8 equally-spaced sites from sea level to 3500 m of elevation. We used regression models to predict α-diversity patterns with climatic (temperature and precipitation) and spatial (geometric constraints) variables. We also assessed, through multiple regression based on distance matrices (MRM), the relative importance of habitat filtering and dispersal limitations for shaping total dissimilarity (βsor), turnover (βsim) or nestedness (βnes). Results: A hump-shaped pattern was observed in the α- diversity with a peak at 600-1000 meters above sea level. This pattern is best explained by the temperature gradient with around 80% of variance explanation. β-diversity showed a non-linear pattern along the elevational gradient with total dissimilarity and turnover components better explained by habitat filtering (i.e., temperature distances). Main conclusions: The importance of temperature on both α- and β-diversity patterns reinforces its widespread importance in shaping litter ant diversity patterns across elevational gradients. The hump-shaped pattern in species richness is probably the result of harsh abiotic conditions at the base and the top of the mountain combined with biotic attrition in lowland sites. Niche specialization of ant species in their optimal thermal zones may explain total dissimilarity and ant species replacement along the studied gradient. Taken all together, these results suggest a high relevance of temperature-driven mechanisms in the origin and maintenance of the biodiversity of ectothermic taxa.

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

Impact of water resources development on connectivity and primary productivity across a tropical river floodplain

1. Floodplain wetlands provide an important subsidy for riverine food webs as sites of high algal production. However, this subsidy depends on the degree of landscape connectivity during flood pulses, which provides the opportunity for movement of higher order consumers between rivers and floodplains to access these productive habitats. Changes in floodplain inundation extent and duration, due to variable wet season flows or water resources development (WRD), can impact landscape connectivity and ultimately the magnitude of the food web subsidy. 2. We explored landscape connectivity using graph theory and derived four new metrics to measure how different flow scenarios can affect connectivity and algal production. We considered a historic scenario with the present level of water resource development in our study area, the Mitchell River, and a WRD scenario with the inclusion of three new dams in the catchment. We generated 240 unique daily spatial graphs, using surface water inundation maps across 40-day flood events to compare a dry year (2006), an average flow year (2001), and a wet year (2009) with and without a WRD scenario. 3. Drier years and WRD scenario resulted in floodplain fragmentation, potentially constraining the movement of higher order consumers. Changes in connectivity due to WRD resulted in predicted reductions of up to 26% of algal production on the floodplain that was otherwise connected to the main river channels. 4. Synthesis and applications. The approach developed in this study provides new metrics to identify how changes in floodplain surface water extent due to water resource development and climatic variation may impact ecosystem function such as connectivity that facilitates access of higher order consumers to primary production in floodplain wetlands. With a direct link to river flow alteration, these metrics can inform catchment planning and management to ensure that the conservation of floodplain ecosystem functions is adequately considered in water resource management decisions.

opennotspecifiedJan 2022View details →

FIGURE 4 in Description of two new species of goby-associated snapping shrimps from the tropical western Pacific (Decapoda: Alpheidae: Alpheus)

FIGURE 4. Alpheus sciolii sp. nov., paratype, male (cl 16.0 mm) from Heron Island, Australia (MNHN-IU-2018-5525): A, frontal region, dorsal; B, same, lateral; C, telson, dorsal, plumose setae omitted; D, tooth on ventromesial carina of first article of antennular peduncle, lateral; E, third maxilliped, lateral; F, second pereiopod, lateral; G, third pereiopod, lateral; H, fifth pereiopod, lateral; I, same, propodus and dactylus, ventromesial; J, second pleopod, detail of appendices masculina and interna, anterior; K, uropod, dorsal, plumose setae omitted.

opennotspecifiedJan 2022View details →

FIGURE 7 in Description of two new species of goby-associated snapping shrimps from the tropical western Pacific (Decapoda: Alpheidae: Alpheus)

FIGURE 7. Alpheus sciolii sp. nov., holotype male (cl 8.6 mm) from New Georgia, Solomon Islands (MNHN-IU-2018-5667) [A, B]; paratype female (cl 10.7 mm) from Heron Island, Queensland, Australia (MNHN-IU-2018-5668) [C]: A, C, living shrimps, dorsal; B, same, lateral. Photographs by the author.