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Canadian university syllabuses with academic and non-academic assigned readings identified.
<p>In the context of the significant court battles that are being fought over the potential copyright infringement involved in distributing the articles and excerpts assigned to students in university courses, this study analyzes 3,391 course syllabuses (2015-2020) from nine provinces and 34 universities across Canada. It identifies the types and proportions of required readings among academic and non-academic sources. Academic readings are assigned on 26.6 percent of the syllabuses, compared to 8.3 percent of syllabuses for media articles and trade book chapters. Among the assigned readings, journal articles lead the list (with 54.3% of all readings), compared to scholarly book chapters (33.5%), media articles (6.0%), and trade book chapters (6.3%). The social sciences lead in the assignment of journal articles and the humanities in trade book chapters, while science was least likely to have assigned readings of any type. The study also found that textbooks are required on a majority of syllabuses (66.0%), with only minor differences in this proportion across science, social sciences, and humanities. The data enable a further analysis at the page level of what the average student is asked to read annually, which, at the Access Copyright current tariff of $14.31 (approved by the Canadian Copyright Board), amounts to a $0.021 per page. This rate is applied in a proposed new "three-step syllabus rule" that avoids double-charging students for academic materials (90.1% of readings by pages), while fairly compensating professional authors and their publishers (9.9%), with the data analyzed here suggesting a $1.40 annual charge per student for their assigned readings.<b> </b></p>
FIGURE 2 in Dianthus pseudocrinitus (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Northeast of Iran identified by morphological and molecular data
FIGURE 2: Ordination diagram of multidimensional scaling of 27 morphological characters comprising 5, 7, and 5 specimens of Dianthus crinitus subsp. turcomanicus, D. orientalis subsp. stenocalyx, and D. pseudocrinitus, respectively from NE of Iran. The first and second axes accounted for 98.4% of total variation.
FIGURE 3 in Dianthus pseudocrinitus (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Northeast of Iran identified by morphological and molecular data
FIGURE 3: Phylogenetic relationships among the three taxa of Dianthus in NE of Iran based on Bayesian analysis of DFR1-1 marker. Bayesian posterior probabilities are indicated above branches. The roman numbers (I–III) below the branches are explained in the text. The letters indicated in the brackets correspond to the accessions represented in the Table 1 followed by the number of alleles (in parenthesis) used in the phylogenetic analysis.
FIGURE 5 in Dianthus pseudocrinitus (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Northeast of Iran identified by morphological and molecular data
FIGURE 5: Holotype of Dianthus pseudocrinitus [Joharchi & Zangooei 40665 (FUMH)]. Upper left: comparing of mature flowers of three taxa under study. A: D. orientalis subsp. stenocalyx; B: D. pseudocrinitus; C: D. crinitus subsp. turcomanicus.
Data from: Genomic pedigree reconstruction identifies predictors of mating and reproductive success in an invasive vertebrate
The persistence of an invasive species is influenced by its reproductive ecology, and a successful control program must operate on this premise. However, the reproductive ecology of invasive species may be enigmatic due to factors that also limit their management, such as cryptic coloration and behavior. We explored the mating and reproductive ecology of the invasive Brown Treesnake (BTS: <i>Boiga irregularis</i>) by reconstructing a multigenerational genomic pedigree based on 654 single nucleotide polymorphisms for a geographically-closed population established in 2004 on Guam (N=426). The pedigree allowed annual estimates of individual mating and reproductive success to be inferred for snakes in the study population over a 14-year period. We then employed generalized linear mixed models to gauge how well phenotypic and genomic data could predict sex-specific annual mating and reproductive success. Average snout-vent length (SVL), average body condition index (BCI), and trappability were significantly related to annual mating success for males, with average SVL also related to annual mating success for females. Male and female annual reproductive success were positively affected by SVL, BCI, and trappability. Surprisingly, the degree to which individuals were inbred had no effect on annual mating or reproductive success. When juxtaposed with current control methods, these results indicate that baited traps, a common interdiction tool, may target fecund BTS in some regards but not others. Our study emphasizes the importance of reproductive ecology as a focus for improving BTS control and promotes genomic pedigree reconstruction for such an endeavor in this invasive species and others.
List of documents and patterns identified by multivocal literature review of software engineering patterns for machine learning applications
We performed a multivocal literature review of both academic and gray literature to collect software engineering for machine learning (ML) application systems and software design. For the academic literature, we chose Engineering Village. For the gray literature, we used a Google search on August 16, 2019. We retrieved 32 scholarly documents and 48 gray literature documents. We vetted whether each document should be included in our review using the following criteria: Documents written in English addressing concrete software-engineering patterns or practices to design ML application systems and software should be included. Documents focusing on design of ML techniques and algorithms should be excluded. This process identified 19 scholarly documents and 19 gray documents. Although 69 patterns related to the design of ML application systems were initially identified, 33 remained after the vetting process. Finally, industrial ML developers reviewed the 33 candidates from the viewpoint of practical usefulness. They identified only 15 ML patterns.
Figure 3 in A contribution to the knowledge of fly fauna in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: new country records and an account of flies identified from Rawdhats, Riyadh Region, with biogeographical remarks (Insecta: Diptera)
Figure 3. (a) Ommatius tenellus van der Wulp; (b) Eremisca heleni (Efflatoun); (c) Oligodranes sp.; (d) Actorthia lacteipennis (Becker); (e) Actorthia sp.; (f) Efflatouniella sinatica Mohammad & Badrawy.
Figure 2 in A contribution to the knowledge of fly fauna in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: new country records and an account of flies identified from Rawdhats, Riyadh Region, with biogeographical remarks (Insecta: Diptera)
Figure 2. Habitats in Rawdhats. (a, b) Rawdhat Al-Harmaliyah; (c, d) Rawdhat Al-Sabalah; (e, f) Rawdhat Farshet Sheaal.
Figure 4 in A contribution to the knowledge of fly fauna in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: new country records and an account of flies identified from Rawdhats, Riyadh Region, with biogeographical remarks (Insecta: Diptera)
Figure 4. (a) Scatella sp.; (b) Trixoscelis sp.; (c) Goniurellia longicauda Freidberg; (d) Stevenia sp.; (e) Pseudomphrale flavoscutellata Kröber; (f) Crossopalpus hirsutipes Collin.
Figure 11 in Integrative taxonomy of the gymnophthalmid lizard Neusticurus rudis Boulenger, 1900 identifies a new species in the eastern Pantepui region, north-eastern South America
Figure 11. Habitat of Neusticurus arekuna sp. nov. (a) Type locality on the summit of Angasimatepui, Venezuela (looking east, May 2011). (b) Stream on the southern slope of the Serra Pacaraima, Roraima state, Brazil (May 2011). Photos PJRK (a) and SMS (b).
Figure 12 in Integrative taxonomy of the gymnophthalmid lizard Neusticurus rudis Boulenger, 1900 identifies a new species in the eastern Pantepui region, north-eastern South America
Figure 12. Variation in the Neusticurus arekuna clade. (a) Male N. arekuna UCS 1 from Abakapá-tepui, Venezuela (IRSNB18150). (b) Female N. arekuna UCS 3 from Auyán-tepui (IRSNB18455). (c) Male N. arekuna UCS 1 from Chivatón, Venezuela (IRSNB18452). (d) Female N. arekuna UCS 2 from La Escalera, Venezuela (IRSNB18111). Photos PJRK.
Figure 10 in Integrative taxonomy of the gymnophthalmid lizard Neusticurus rudis Boulenger, 1900 identifies a new species in the eastern Pantepui region, north-eastern South America
Figure 10. Variation among paratypes of Neusticurus arekuna sp. nov. (a) Female holotype in life (IRSNB2687). (b) Male paratype from Pacaraima, Brazil, in life (MZUSP106223). (c) Female paratype from Pacaraima, Brazil, in life (MZUSP106224). (d) Female paratype from Pacaraima, Brazil, in life (MZUSP106227). Photos PJRK (a), SMS (b–d).
Figure 9 in Integrative taxonomy of the gymnophthalmid lizard Neusticurus rudis Boulenger, 1900 identifies a new species in the eastern Pantepui region, north-eastern South America
Figure 9. Holotype of Neusticurus arekuna sp. nov. (IRSNB2687) in preservative (a) Ventral view of head. (b) Lateral view of head. (c) Dorsal view of head. (d) Ventral view of body. (e) Dorsal view of body. Photos PJRK.
Figure 8. Neusticurus rudis UCS 2 in Integrative taxonomy of the gymnophthalmid lizard Neusticurus rudis Boulenger, 1900 identifies a new species in the eastern Pantepui region, north-eastern South America
Figure 8. Neusticurus rudis UCS 2 from Iwokrama, Guyana. (a) ventral view of a male immediately after euthanasia (IRSN18440). (b) ventral view of a female immediately after euthanasia (IRSNB18441). Photos PJRK.
Figure 7 in Integrative taxonomy of the gymnophthalmid lizard Neusticurus rudis Boulenger, 1900 identifies a new species in the eastern Pantepui region, north-eastern South America
Figure 7. Variation in the Neusticurus rudis clade. (a) Male N. rudis UCS 1 from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana (IRSNB17344). (b) Male N. rudis UCS 2 from Iwokrama, Guyana (IRSNB18443). (c) Male N. rudis UCS 1 from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana (IRSNB17345). (d) Female N. rudis UCS 2 from Iwokrama, Guyana (IRSNB18441). Photos PJRK.
Figure 4 in Integrative taxonomy of the gymnophthalmid lizard Neusticurus rudis Boulenger, 1900 identifies a new species in the eastern Pantepui region, north-eastern South America
Figure 4. Neusticurus rudis sensu stricto in life. (a) Male from the slopes of Maringma-tepui (IRSNB18146). (b) Female from the slopes of Maringma-tepui (IRSNB18438). Photos PJRK.
Figure 6 in Integrative taxonomy of the gymnophthalmid lizard Neusticurus rudis Boulenger, 1900 identifies a new species in the eastern Pantepui region, north-eastern South America
Figure 6. Sexual dimorphism and habitat of Neusticurus rudis sensu stricto. (a) Dorsal face of a male immediately after euthanasia (IRSNB18435). (b) Dorsal view of a female immediately after euthanasia (IRSNB18436). (c) Ventral view of a male immediately after euthanasia (IRSNB18435). (d) Ventral view of a female immediately after euthanasia (IRSNB18436). (e) Habitat along the Ataro river, Guyana (November 2007). Photos PJRK.
Figure 2 in Integrative taxonomy of the gymnophthalmid lizard Neusticurus rudis Boulenger, 1900 identifies a new species in the eastern Pantepui region, north-eastern South America
Figure 2. Bayesian tree of Pantepui Neusticurus obtained from the concatenated data set (left) and DensiTree representation of the species tree obtained from the *BEAST analysis (right). Numbers and colours correspond to those in Figure 1. Examined hemipenes are illustrated in front of the corresponding populations. Hemipenial drawing modified from Myers and Donnelly (2008). DensiTree representation: the most popular tree is blue; the next most popular tree is red; the third most popular tree is green. Asterisks indicate high posterior probabilities (values ≥ 99%). UCS = unconfirmed candidate species. Photos of hemipenes PMSN.
Figure 1 in Integrative taxonomy of the gymnophthalmid lizard Neusticurus rudis Boulenger, 1900 identifies a new species in the eastern Pantepui region, north-eastern South America
Figure 1. (a) Map of the Pantepui region showing the distributions of the Neusticurus rudis clade (red dots) and the N. arekuna clade (green dots). The white rectangle corresponds to the area enlarged in (b). (b) Distributions of the Neusticurus rudis clade (red dots) and the N. arekuna clade (green dots) with localities numbered as follows: (1) Mount Roraima, Venezuela/Guyana/Brazil (2) Maringma-tepui, Guyana; (3) Mount Ayanganna, Guyana; (4) Mount Wokomung, Guyana; (5) Kaieteur National Park, Guyana; (6) Iwokrama Mountains, Guyana; (7) Angasima-tepui, Venezuela; (8) Pacaraima, Brazil; (9) Abakapá-tepui, Venezuela; (10) Chivatón, Venezuela; (11) Auyán-tepui, Venezuela; (12) Salto El Danto/La Escalera, Venezuela. Coloured arrows highlight type localities of N. rudis (light brown) and N. arekuna sp. nov. (light blue). Circles whose bottom half is light brown depict the known localities of N. rudis sensu stricto; circles whose bottom half is light blue depict the known localities of N. arekuna sp. nov. sensu stricto. The blue question mark indicates an undetermined population from Guaiquinima-tepui, Venezuela (Donnelly and Myers 1991; Mägdefrau et al. 1991; Mägdefrau and Mägdefrau 1994; no specimen examined).
Figure 5 in Integrative taxonomy of the gymnophthalmid lizard Neusticurus rudis Boulenger, 1900 identifies a new species in the eastern Pantepui region, north-eastern South America
Figure 5. Variation of hemipenial bodies. (a) Neusticurus rudis sensu stricto from Maringma-tepui, Guyana (IRSNB18432). (b) N. rudis UCS 2 from Iwokrama, Guyana (IRSNB18446). (c) N. arekuna sp. nov. from Pacaraima, Brazil (MZUSP106223). (d) N. arekuna UCS 1 from Abakapá-tepui, Venezuela (IRSNB18150). Photos PMSN.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.