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Figure 31 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 31: Four adult Gobio caught in Upper Lake Constance in the same electrofishing action near the mouth of the Rhein- taler Binnenkanal. Genetic barcoding revealed that two individuals had the mitochondrial DNA of Gobio gobio (upper) and two of Gobio obtusirostris (lower).
Figure 25 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 25: Left panel compares the "uniqueness" of the fish community to the number of native species to reveal outlier lakes with particularly "unique" fish assemblages for their size (lakes above the dashed line). Sils and Poschiavo were severe outliers and were excluded from estimation of the fitline and calculation of residuals. Sils was the only lake surveyed in the Danube catchment and Poschiavo was the only high-altitude lake surveyed in the Po catchment. Hence they shared few of their species with other lakes. Right panel shows that the uniqueness of the lake fish community relative to the number of recorded native fish species (i.e. residuals from the relationship in the left panel) decreased with the maximum total phosphorus that had been measured in the lake in the past (R2 = 0.248, p = 0.013). Relationships of the residuals with other lake characteristics (lake surface area, lake maximum depth, present-day phosphorus) were not significant (Figure 83).
Figure 4 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 4: Estimate of phylogenetic relationships based on COI sequence variation between fish species caught in Projet Lac: endemic species, species native in at least some surveyed lakes, species non-native in some lakes, exotic species.
Figure 13 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 13: Species-area relationships for lakes in the Rhine catchment when, additionally to the species recorded in Projet Lac, all known recently extant, and all known extinct and locally extirpated species are included. Left panel: dark green = native species, but each species radiatation only counted as one taxon, medium green = all native species, i.e. counting each radiation species separately, light green = endemic species only. Right panel: black = total number of present-day fish species (species recorded in Projet Lac, plus other species recorded in the lake in other recent surveys), orange = non-native and exotic species (species recorded in Projet Lac, plus other species recorded in the lake in other recent surveys but excluding species that have failed to establish self-sustaining populations), red = extinct and extirpated native species. Regression statistics are provided in Table 9.
Figure 18 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report
Figure 18: Zone of low oxygen in Lower Lake Zurich has been increasing in severity and vertical extent since around 1990, offsetting gains of oxygenated deepwater habitat that would otherwise be associated with the reduction of eutrophication. Severe hypoxia also occurred between 1940 and 1960 and is believed to be caused by a combination of elevated nutrients and inverse stratification in winter during this period [50]. Isobars for dissolved oxygen concentrations of 1 and 4 mg/L are indicated. Data source: Canton Zurich, Amt für Abfall, Wasser, Energie und Luft (AWEL) and Wasserversorgung Zurich. Black bars on the right side: depth distribution of Projet Lac fish catches by abundance (net per unit effort catch).
The composition of the lower oceanic crust in the Wadi Khafifah section of the southern Samail (Oman) ophiolite
<p>The composition of the intrusive gabbroic lower oceanic crust remains poorly characterized in comparison to the extrusive portion of the oceanic crust, especially for intermediate-fast spreading mid-ocean ridges. This is a consequence of limited exposures of extant lower oceanic crust and of ophiolites similar to mid-ocean ridge crust. One of the best analogues for mid-ocean ridge crust is the southern Samail ophiolite that formed during a period of rapid seafloor spreading above a nascent subduction zone. Here, we focus on the geochemical stratigraphy (whole rock and mineral major and trace element compositions) of the 5200 m-thick, lower crustal, Wadi Khafifah section of the Wadin Tayin massif in the southern Oman ophiolite. Gabbros from the lowermost 3700 m of this section (the 'lower gabbros') show no systematic changes in composition with height above the Mantle Transition Zone. In contrast, gabbros from the uppermost 1500 m (the 'upper gabbros') display marked increases in incompatible trace element concentration with increasing height. Liquids in equilibrium with the lower gabbros have major and trace element compositions that overlap with those measured in the upper gabbros and sheeted dikes. Upper gabbros preserve mineral cores with primitive major element compositions that overlap with the range of lower gabbros, however, upper gabbro whole rock compositions are significantly more enriched in incompatible trace elements relative to the lower gabbros. Our data reveal that the upper gabbros are a composite of accumulated minerals derived from primitive melts and a large fraction of evolved melts derived from the fractionation of the lower gabbros. We propose a new "Full Sheeted Sills" model for the lower oceanic crust in which primitive magmas from the mantle are emplaced throughout the lower crust and crystallized <i>in situ</i>. After diking events, evolved magmas leave the lower gabbros and replenish the upper gabbros, thereby contributing to the higher incompatible trace element budget in the upper gabbros relative to the lower gabbros. Our reconstructed bulk compositions of the lower plutonic crust and the bulk oceanic crust from the Wadi Khafifah section yield a plausible primary mantle-derived magma composition in equilibrium with depleted MORB mantle.</p>
Urbanization buffers seasonal change in composition of bird communities: a multi-continental meta-analysis
<p>Aim: Urbanization buffers the seasonality of climate conditions and food availability and, therefore, may cause a seasonal homogenization of animal communities. However, the global effect of urbanization on the seasonal dynamics of animal communities remains unexplored. Our aim was to study the multi-continental relationship between urbanization and the seasonal change in bird composition and explore the influence of climatic factors on the urban-induced reduction of seasonality of bird composition.<br> <br> Location: Multi-continental<br> <br> Methods: We performed a literature review and a meta-analysis. The risk ratio effect size (here referred to as urban seasonality index, USI) was used, considering the number of species seen either in the breeding (spring and/or summer) or the non-breeding (autumn and/or winter) season, and the number of species seen during both seasons between urban and less urbanized sites. Low USI values indicated a decrease in the seasonal change in bird composition in urban areas.<br> <br> Results: A total of 38 USIs were obtained from 34 cities of six continents. Multi-continentally, there are fewer differences in bird composition between seasons in urban than in less urbanized areas, indicating seasonal homogenization due to urbanization. The USI decreased in areas with the lowest maximum temperature and the highest latitude, suggesting the highest decrease in the seasonality of bird composition in urban areas located in regions near the poles and with high seasonal change in temperature. Moreover, studies in the Northern Hemisphere and those that compared suburban versus natural and urban versus rural habitats had a significant decrease of seasonality of bird community in urban areas. <br> <br> Main conclusions: Urbanization induces a seasonal homogenization of bird composition, and this impact seems more pronounced in temperate areas with broad annual temperature range, and located in the Northern Hemisphere. Results indicate that efforts to restore seasonal dynamics in habitats and resources should be made in urban areas of temperate regions.</p>
Large herbivores facilitate an insect herbivore by modifying plant community composition in a temperate grassland
<p>Large herbivores often co-occur and share plant resources with herbivorous insects in grassland ecosystems, yet how they interact with each other remains poorly understood. We conducted a series of field experiments to investigate whether and how large domestic herbivores (sheep; <i>O</i><i>vis</i><i> </i><i>aries</i>) may affect the abundance of a common herbivorous insect (aphid; <i>Hyalopterus</i><i> </i><i>pruni</i>) in a temperate grassland of northeast China. Our exclosure experiment showed that three years (2010-2012) of sheep grazing had led to 86% higher aphid abundance compared with ungrazed sites. Mechanistically, this facilitative effect was driven by grazing altering the plant community, rather than by changes in food availability and predator abundance for aphids. Sheep significantly altered plant community by reducing the abundance of unpalatable forbs for the aphids. Our small-scale forb removal experiment revealed an "associational plant defense" by forbs which protect the grass <i>Phragmites australis</i><i> </i>from being attacked by the aphids. However, selective grazing on forbs by sheep indirectly disrupted such associational plant defense, making <i>P</i><i>.</i><i> australis</i> more susceptible to aphids, consequentially increasing the density of aphids. These findings provide a novel mechanistic explanation for the effects of large herbivores on herbivorous insects by linking selective grazing to plant community composition and the responses of insect populations in grassland ecosystems. </p>
Characterisation Data - CFRP Composites
<p>unmodified-cfrp-composites_longitudinal-tensile-properties</p>
Characterisation Data - CFRP Composites
<p>modified-cfrp-composites_214-wt-gnps_dcbs</p>
Characterisation Data - CFRP Composites
<p>unmodified-cfrp-composites_flexural_01</p>
Characterisation Data - CFRP Composites
<p>modified-cfrp-composites-214-wt-ego_dcbs</p>
Characterisation Data - CFRP Composites
<p>modified-cfrp-composites-0089-wt-rgo_dcbs_1</p>
Characterisation Data - CFRP Composites
<p>modified-cfrp-composites_214-wt-gnps</p>
LRI-fabricated composite demonstrators for an aircraft fuselage on the basis of a Building Block design approach
<p>A Liquid Resin Infusion (LRI) fabrication process is presented for manufacturing of composite aircraft demonstrators. A Building Block (BB) assessment approach is adopted, structured in coupon, element and subcomponent level. The quality of fabrication is quantified in terms of porosity and fiber volume fraction and the properties of the composite ply are determined by means of micromechanical models and coupon mechanical tests. At element and subcomponent level, an aft-fuselage bulkhead joint and a floor beam are modeled and tested in full scale. Results provide a measure of process capabilities and parts quality, indicating low void content and stiffness comparable to a similar prepreg.</p>
Data from: Nitrogen enrichment and warming shift community functional composition via distinct mechanisms: the role of intraspecific trait variability and species turnover
<p>1. Global change factors may shift community functional composition by driving species turnover (species occurrence and species relative abundance) and intraspecific trait variability. However, their relative contribution in determining the functional response of community to global change, especially nitrogen enrichment and warming, remains unclear.</p> <p>2. We conducted a fully factorial field experiment in a Tibetan alpine meadow to examine responses of plant community functional composition to nitrogen enrichment and warming by quantifying seven plant functional traits in each plot. Using the sum of squares decomposition, we further disentangled the relative contribution of intraspecific trait variability and species turnover to changes in community functional composition.</p> <p>3. We found that nitrogen enrichment caused a shift of plant community toward a more resource-acquisitive strategy, while warming resulted in a shift toward a more resource-conservative strategy. Plant intraspecific trait variability controls shifts in community functional composition in response to nitrogen enrichment, whereas species turnover (especially change in species relative abundance) mainly explains warming-induced shifts. Nitrogen enrichment and warming did not show significant interactive effects on plant functional composition.</p> <p>4. These findings suggest that nitrogen enrichment and warming can alter community functional composition of alpine meadow through distinct mechanisms. Plant intraspecific trait variability confers functional resilience of Tibetan alpine meadows under nitrogen enrichment, but warming could induce significant turnover of species that pronouncedly impacts community functioning in this highland ecosystem.</p>
CFRP Composites
<p>SmartFan Project public data</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Brasell KA, Pochon X, Howarth J, Pearman JK, Zaiko A, Thompson L, Vandergoes MJ, Simon KS, Wood SA (2022) Shifts in DNA yield and biological community composition in stored sediment: implications for paleogenomic studies. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e78128. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.78128
Figures S1–S4
Supplementary material 2 from: Brasell KA, Pochon X, Howarth J, Pearman JK, Zaiko A, Thompson L, Vandergoes MJ, Simon KS, Wood SA (2022) Shifts in DNA yield and biological community composition in stored sediment: implications for paleogenomic studies. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 6: e78128. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.6.78128
Table S1
Influence of diet, sex and viral infections on the gut microbiota composition of Spodoptera exigua caterpillars
<p>Gut microbiota plays essential roles in very diverse processes in all organisms, including insects. Previous studies have shown that changes in gut bacterial composition of caterpillars affects to the insecticidal properties of entomopathogens, opening the possibility of improving the use of entomopathogens in pest control by manipulation of the host microbiota To do that, a better characterization of the host gut microbiota and its interaction with other microbial agents is required. Here we have analysed the gut microbiota of larvae from the major pest Spodoptera exigua under different conditions, and the results have revealed a high variability among individuals and a major influence of the environmental bacteria. These observations suggest the lack of a resident microbiota as it was already claimed for other species of caterpillars. In addition, insects naturally infected with viruses showed a different microbiota composition in comparison with virus-free insects and few taxa specifically associated to the infection have been identified.<a> </a></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.