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6,175 results for “Composite”
The role of behavioral type composition on resource use and growth of a juvenile predator
<p>Juvenile largemouth bass have distinct behavioral types that separate along the exploring behavioral axis and differ in diet. We used a mesoxosm experiement to test the hypothesis that groups composed of mixed behavioral types would have more efficient use of prey resources and reduced competition between individuals than experimental populations composed of similar behavioral types. Fish growth, diets and prey composition were quantified over a four-week period in mesocosms containing prey communities that were mixtures of zooplanktion and natural colonization by terrestrial insects. Mesocosms contained juvenile largemouth bass of either all fast exploratory-type, all slow exploratory-type or a 50/50 mix of the two behavioral types. Treatments with similar behavioral types had lower growth than treatments with mixed behavioral types. While evidence showed that slow explorers in homogeneous groups consumed fewer macroinvertebrates outside of refuge habitat, the same was not true of fast explorers. Results suggest that populations composed of different compositions of behavioral types may also differ in their food web interactions. The differences in growth suggest that individual performance can be higher in populations with a balanced mixture of behavioral types compared to more homogenous populations and adds to the growing knowledge that individual behavioral traits can have emergent population level effects.</p>
Tropicalisation and kelp loss shift trophic composition and lead to more winners than losers in fish communities
<p>Climate-mediated species redistributions are causing novel interactions and leading to profound regime shifts globally. For species that expand their distribution in response to warming, survival depends not only on their physiological capacity, but also on the ability to coexist or be competitive within the established community. In temperate marine reefs from around the world, the range expansion of tropical species, known as 'tropicalisation', has been linked to the disappearance of temperate habitat-forming kelps and shifts to dominance by low-biomass turfing algae. The consequences of these range expansions and habitat changes on resident fish communities are, however, unclear. Here, we use data derived from baited remote underwater video (BRUV) surveys to analyse changes in diversity and abundance of marine fishes over a 17-year period in warming reefs that have experienced kelp loss (occurring c. 2009). Despite the loss of kelp, we found that species richness and overall abundance of fishes (measured as probability of occurrence and relative abundance), including both tropical and temperate species, increased through time. We also found dramatic shifts in the trophic composition of fish assemblages. Tropical herbivorous fish increased most markedly through time and temperate-associated planktivores were the only group that declined, a potential consequence of tropicalisation not previously identified. At the species level we, identified 22 tropical and temperate species from four trophic guilds that significantly increased in occurrence, while only three species (all temperate associated) declined. Morphological trait space models suggest increases in fish diversity and overall occurrence are unlikely to be driven by uniqueness of traits amongst tropical range expanders. Our results show more winners than losers and suggest that pathways of energy flow will change in tropicalised systems, as planktonic inputs become less important and a higher proportion of algal productivity gets consumed locally by increasingly abundant herbivores.</p>
FIGURES 20, 21 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition
FIGURES 20, 21. Steneotarsonemus furcatus (male). 20. Dorsal surface. 21. Ventral surface.
FIGURES 26, 27 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition
FIGURES 26, 27. Steneotarsonemus subfurcatus (female). 26. Dorsal surface. 27. Ventral surface.
FIGURES 16.—19 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition
FIGURES 16.—19. Steneotarsonemus furcatus (female). 16.—leg I, 17.—leg II, 18.—leg III, 19.—leg IV.
FIGURES 10.—13 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition
FIGURES 10.—13. Steneotarsonemus spinki (male). 10.—leg I, 11.—leg II, 12.—leg III, 13.—leg IV.
FIGURES 8, 9 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition
FIGURES 8, 9. Steneotarsonemus spinki (male). 8. Dorsal surface. 9. Ventral surface.
FIGURES 4.—7 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition
FIGURES 4.—7. Steneotarsonemus spinki (female). 4.—leg I, 5—leg II, 6—leg III, 7—leg IV.
FIGURES 14, 15 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition
FIGURES 14, 15. Steneotarsonemus furcatus (female). 14. Dorsal surface. 15. Ventral surface.
FIGURES 32, 33 in Complementary description of three species of Steneotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from rice agroecosystems of Eastern India with notes on their taxonomic status, spatial distribution, intraspecific variation and species composition
FIGURES 32, 33. Steneotarsonemus subfurcatus (male). 32. Dorsal surface. 33. Ventral surface.
H-O isotopic compositions in China's wetlands
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="OLE_LINK5"></a><a name="OLE_LINK4"></a><a name="OLE_LINK3"></a><span><span><span>Water oxygen isotopic analysis is a useful tool for tracing water cycle in aquatic ecosystems on the premise that it is no oxygen isotope effect from phytoplankton activity. We measured the water hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions, phytoplankton Fv/Fm and related environmental factors in China's wetlands.</span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span><span><a name="OLE_LINK31"></a><span>We found that phytoplankton photosynthesis can modify water oxygen isotopic signature (δ<sup>18</sup>O), based on a national-scale survey of wetlands and a culture experiment.</span><span> <a name="_Hlk102067137"></a>Phytoplankton photosynthesis can make water δ<sup>18</sup>O more negative, and this biological effect counteracts part of the evaporation effect on water δ<sup>18</sup>O. This effect depends on phytoplankton biomass and light utilization efficiency and could be overwhelmed by the evaporation effect when the biomass is small.</span></span></span></span><a name="OLE_LINK2"></a> <a name="_Hlk102067151"></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span><span>The biological effect may be universal in aquatic ecosystems, and thus </span></span><span>this study refreshes the traditional understanding on water oxygen isotope biogeochemistry.</span></span></p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Kimeklis AK, Gladkov GV, Tembotov RH, Kichko AA, Pinaev AG, Hosid SL, Andronov EE, Abakumov EV (2022) Microbiome composition of disturbed soils from sandy-gravel mining complexes with different reclamation approaches. One Ecosystem 7: e83756. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.7.e83756
Supplementary figures
Supplementary material 2 from: Kimeklis AK, Gladkov GV, Tembotov RH, Kichko AA, Pinaev AG, Hosid SL, Andronov EE, Abakumov EV (2022) Microbiome composition of disturbed soils from sandy-gravel mining complexes with different reclamation approaches. One Ecosystem 7: e83756. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.7.e83756
Supplementary tables
Supplementary material 3 from: Kimeklis AK, Gladkov GV, Tembotov RH, Kichko AA, Pinaev AG, Hosid SL, Andronov EE, Abakumov EV (2022) Microbiome composition of disturbed soils from sandy-gravel mining complexes with different reclamation approaches. One Ecosystem 7: e83756. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.7.e83756
Supplementary code
Data from: Mitochondrial phylogenomics of early land plants: mitigating the effects of saturation, compositional heterogeneity, and codon-usage bias
Phylogenetic analyses using concatenation of genomic-scale data have been seen as the panacea to resolving the incongruences among inferences from few or single genes. However, phylogenomics may also suffer from systematic errors, due to the, perhaps cumulative, effects of saturation, among-taxa compositional (GC content) heterogeneity, or codon-usage bias plaguing the individual nucleotide loci that are concatenated. Here we provide an example of how these factors affect the inferences of the phylogeny of early land plants based on mitochondrial genomic data. Mitochondrial sequences evolve slowly in plants and hence are thought to be suitable for resolving deep relationships. We newly assembled mitochondrial genomes from 20 bryophytes, complemented these with 40 other streptophytes (land plants plus algal outgroups), compiling a data matrix of 60 taxa and 41 mitochondrial genes. Homogeneous analyses of the concatenated nucleotide data resolve mosses as sister-group to the remaining land plants. However, the corresponding translated amino acid data support the liverwort lineage in this position. Both results receive weak to moderate support in maximum likelihood analyses, but strong support in Bayesian inferences. Tests of alternative hypotheses using either nucleotide or amino-acid data provide implicit support for the respective optimal topologies. By analyzing the nucleotide data, we found that the 3rd codon positions are more saturated than the 1st and 2nd codon positions, and excluding these from the analyses leads to a topology congruent with that obtained using amino-acid data. Further, we determined that land plant lineages differ in their nucleotide composition, and in their usage of synonymous codon variants. Composition heterogeneous Bayesian analyses employing a non-stationary model that accounts for variation in among-lineage composition, and inferences from degenerated nucleotide data that avoids the effects of synonymous mutations that underlie codon-usage bias, again recovered liverworts being sister to the remaining land plants. These analyses indicate that the discrepancy between the nucleotide-based and the amino acid-based trees is caused by the lineage specific, parallel compositional bias, or synonymous mutations driving codon-usage bias, as well as saturation in the 3rd codon positions. While genomic data may generate highly supported phylogenetic trees, these inferences may be artifacts. We suggest that phylogenomic analyses should assess the possible impact of potential biases through comparisons of protein coding gene data and their amino-acids translations, by analyzing data modeling compositional bias, and by excluding nucleotide noisy signals due to saturation or codon-usage bias. We caution against relying on any one presentation of the data (nucleotide or amino acid) or any one type of analysis even when analyzing large-scale data sets, no matter how well-supported, without fully exploring the effects of substitution models.
Data from: Impact of local forest composition on soil fungal communities in a mixed boreal forest
[No abstract entered]
Data from: Sequence-based association analysis reveals an MGST1 eQTL with pleiotropic effects on bovine milk composition
[No abstract entered]
Compositional and Thermal State of the Lower Mantle from the inversion of GLAD-M25 model
<p>The 3D chemical composition and temperature structure of the lower mantle from the inversion of GLAD-M25 model is included</p>
Data available for ''Vertical Gradient of Size-Resolved Aerosol Composition over the Arctic Reveals Cloud Processed Aerosol in-cloud and above Cloud"
<p>Folder containing the data of CCSEM and STXM measurements.</p>
Nano-laponite/polymer composite as filtration reducer on water-based drilling fluid and mechanism study
<p><span>In drilling deep complex formations, most drilling fluid additives have insufficient temperature and salt tolerance, resulting in the decline of drilling fluid performance. This study used 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, acrylamide, dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, and modified nano-laponite to synthesize a nanocomposite filtrate reducer (ANDP) with excellent temperature and salt resistance, which can maintain the performance of drilling fluid. The structure of ANDP was analyzed by a transmission electron microscope and an infrared spectrometer. The thermal stability of ANDP was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The performance of ANDP was evaluated in a water-based drilling fluid. The mechanism was analyzed per clay-particle size distribution, Zeta potential, filter cake permeability, and scanning electron microscopy imaging. The results show that ANDP has good thermal stability and expected molecular structure. The filtration of freshwater drilling fluid after aging at 200°C is 10.4 mL and that of saturated brine drilling fluid is 6.4 mL after aging at 150°C. Mechanism analysis suggests that the ANDP increases the thickness of clay particle hydration layer and maintains the colloidal stability of the drilling fluid. ANDP inhibits the agglomeration of clay particles and significantly reduces the filtration by forming dense mud cake.</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.