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7,883 results for “Tropic”
Distribution. Most of Africa S of the Sahara Desert, except in lowland tropical rainforests. Spotted Hyenas have been extirpated from many areas of southern Africa. in Hyaenidae
Distribution. Most of Africa S of the Sahara Desert, except in lowland tropical rainforests. Spotted Hyenas have been extirpated from many areas of southern Africa.
Figure 4 in Tropical Asian jumping spiders of the genus Viciria (Araneae: Salticidae: Viciriini)
Figure 4. Two sets of paired Viciria pavesii, Singapore. Femora II of the
Immigration dynamics of tropical and subtropical Southeast Asian limestone karst floras
<p><i>Ex situ </i>origins and dispersal of taxa have played important roles in the assembly of island-like biodiversity hotspots. Insular limestone karsts in Southeast Asia are hotspots of biodiversity and endemism, but the immigration processes of their unique floras are still poorly known. Here, we used Gesneriaceae as a proxy to investigate immigration dynamics of tropical and subtropical Southeast Asian karst floras. We show that immigration into subtropical Southeast Asian karst floras first occurred in the early Miocene, with two peaks in the early to middle Miocene and the Pliocene to early Pleistocene, whereas immigration into tropical Southeast Asian karsts initiated in the late Eocene, with two peaks in the late Oligocene and the late Miocene. The rich geological and ecological diversities of different regions, together with habitat isolation due to climatic changes, might be responsible for the different immigration patterns. We also discover that Southeast Asian karst biodiversity comprises a mix of immigrant pre-adapted lineages and descendants from local acid soil ancestors, although niche shift from acid soil to karst in tropical Southeast Asian islands was lacking. <span>These </span><span>findings</span> <span>provide insights into </span><span>how</span> <span>Southeast </span><span>Asian </span><span>k</span><span>arst</span><span>s</span><span> respond to ongoing climate change and are of particular importance for</span><span> their </span><span>conservation planning</span><span>.</span></p>
Tropical montane forest in South Asia: Composition, structure and dieback in relation to soils and topography
<p>We evaluated the composition, structure and dieback of a montane forest in relation to soils and physiography of an important biogeographic region that has been sparsely studied. Our objectives were to: 1. Describe the forest composition and structure; 2. Assess the current extent of dieback; and 3. Relate tree composition, structure, and dieback proneness to edaphic and physiographic measures. We enumerated all live and dead standing plants ≥ 3 cm diameter at breast height (DBH), in thirty 20×15 m<sup>2</sup> over story plots. We measured all regeneration <u><</u> 1m height in subplots, sampled soils and measures of physiography, and visually rated the proportion of crown die-back, and recorded standing dead trees.</p>
Functional susceptibility of tropical forests to climate change
<p>Summary R code and main functions used in the manuscript '<strong>Functional susceptibility of tropical forests to climate change'</strong></p>
Turgor loss point predicts survival responses to experimental and natural drought in tropical tree seedlings
<p>Identifying key traits that can serve as proxies for species drought resistance is crucial for predicting and mitigating effects of climate change in diverse plant communities. Turgor loss point (π<sub>tlp</sub>) is a recently emerged trait that has been linked to species distributions across gradients of water availability. However, a direct relationship between π<sub>tlp</sub> and species ability to survive drought has yet to be established for woody species. Using a manipulative field experiment to quantify species drought resistance (i.e. their survival response to drought), combined with measurements of π<sub>tlp</sub> for 16 tree species, we show a negative relationship between π<sub>tlp</sub> and seedling drought resistance. Using long-term forest plot data, we also show that π<sub>tlp</sub> predicts seedling survival responses to a severe El Niño-related drought, although additional factors are clearly also important. Our study demonstrates that species with lower π<sub>tlp</sub> exhibit higher survival under both experimental and natural drought. These results provide a missing cornerstone in the assessment of the traits underlying drought resistance in woody species and strengthen π<sub>tlp</sub> as a proxy for evaluating which species will lose or win under projections of exacerbating drought regimes.</p>
Independent variation of avian sensitivity to climate change and trait-based adaptive capacity along a tropical elevational gradient
<p>Aim: How species respond to climate change is influenced by their sensitivity to climatic conditions (i.e., their climatic niche) and aspects of their adaptive capacity (e.g., their dispersal ability, ecological niche). To date, it is largely unknown whether and how species' sensitivity to climate change and their adaptive capacity covary. However, understanding this relationship is important to predict the potential consequences of a changing climate for species assemblages. Here, we test how species' sensitivity to climate change and trait-based measures of their ecological adaptive capacity (i) vary along a broad elevational gradient and (ii) covary across a large number of bird species.</p> <p>Location: A Neotropical elevational gradient (300 - 3600 m.a.s.l.) in the Manú biosphere reserve, south‐east Peru.</p> <p>Methods: We focus on 215 frugivorous bird species along a Neotropical elevational gradient. We approximate species' sensitivity to climate change by their climatic niche breadth, based on species occurrences across South America and bioclimatic variables. In addition, we use a trait-based approach to estimate the dispersal ability of species (approximated by their wing pointedness), their dietary niche breadth (approximated by bill width), and their habitat niche breadth (the number of used habitat classes).</p> <p>Results: We found that (i) species' climatic niche breadth increased with elevation, while their trait-based dispersal ability and dietary niche breadth decreased with elevation, and (ii) sensitivity to climate change and trait-based adaptive capacity were not related across species.</p> <p>Main conclusions: These results suggest different mechanisms of how species in lowland and highland assemblages might respond to climate change. The independent variation of species' sensitivity to climate change and their trait-based adaptive capacity suggests that accounting for both dimensions will improve assessments of species' susceptibility to climate change and potential impacts of climate change on diverse species assemblages.</p>
Tropical and Subtropical Pacific Sources of the Asymmetric El Niño La Niña Decay and their Future Changes
<p>The model data output supporting the figures shown in the manuscript.</p> <p>For further details, please see</p> <p>Jiepeng Chen, Jin-Yi Yu, Sheng Chen, Xin Wang, Ziniu Xiao, Shih-Wei Fang (2022). Tropical and Subtropical Pacific Sources of the Asymmetric El Niño La Niña Decay and their Future Changes. Accepted at Geophysical Research Letters.</p>
FIGURE 7 in A new species of planthopper in the genus Tico (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Derbidae) on palms from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 7. Aedeagus of Tico sierra sp. n.: A) right lateral view, B) left lateral view, and C) dorsal view; A = aedeagal process, E = endosomal process.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of planthopper in the genus Tico (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Derbidae) on palms from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 2. Adult male habitus Tico sierra sp. n.; A) body lateral view and B) body dorsal view, scale = 1 mm.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of planthopper in the genus Tico (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Derbidae) on palms from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 3. Adult male Tico sierra sp. n.; A) head, pronotum, and mesonotum right lateral view, B) head, pronotum, and mesonotum dorsal view, and C) head and paranotal fovea frontal view, scale = 1 mm.
FIGURE 6 in A new species of planthopper in the genus Tico (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Derbidae) on palms from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 6. Male Tico sierra sp. n. gonostylus; A) outer lateral view and B) inner margin showing sclerotized process.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of planthopper in the genus Tico (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Derbidae) on palms from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 5. Male Tico sierra sp. n. terminalia; A) left lateral view, B) ventral view, and C) dorsal view.
FIGURE 8 in A new species of planthopper in the genus Tico (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha Derbidae) on palms from lowland tropical rainforest in Costa Rica
FIGURE 8. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree based on 1,000 replicates: A) COI gene, B) 18S gene, and C) consensus of concatenated COI and 18S sequences.
FIGURE 1. Phylogram inferred from a in Tylopilus yangzhuliangii (Boletaceae, Boletales), a new bolete from tropical China
FIGURE 1. Phylogram inferred from a combined (28S, ITS and TEF1) dataset using RAxML. BS ≥ 50% and PP ≥ 0.95 are indicated above or below the branches as RAxML BS/PP.
FIGURE 3 in Tylopilus yangzhuliangii (Boletaceae, Boletales), a new bolete from tropical China
FIGURE 3. Microscopic features of Tylopilus yangzhuliangii (FHMU2930, holotype). a. Basidia. b. Basidiospores. c. Cheilocystidia. d. Pleurocystidia. e. Pileipellis. f. Stipitipellis. Bars=10 μm. Drawings by Y. Wang and X. Zhang.
FIGURE 2 in Tylopilus yangzhuliangii (Boletaceae, Boletales), a new bolete from tropical China
FIGURE 2. Basidiomes of Tylopilus yangzhuliangii. (a from FHMU2930, holotype; b–c from FHMU2921). Photos by N.K. Zeng.
Distribution. Dry tropical areas of N & W Colombia, N & W Venezuela (including Margarita I), and Netherlands Antilles (Aruba, Curacao, and Bonaire Is). in Phyllostomidae
Distribution. Dry tropical areas of N & W Colombia, N & W Venezuela (including Margarita I), and Netherlands Antilles (Aruba, Curacao, and Bonaire Is).
FIGURE 12. Chloeia pseudeuglochis Augener, 1922. A in Revision of Chloeia Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 from tropical American seas (Annelida, Amphinomidae)
FIGURE 12. Chloeia pseudeuglochis Augener, 1922. A. Non-relaxed, living specimen from Oaxaca (UMAR 224), dorsal view. B. Same, ventral view. C. Anterior end, dorsal view. D. Prostomium and caruncle. E. Pigmentation pattern from median segments. F. Pointed neurochaeta from chaetiger 10. G. Furcate neurochaeta from same chaetiger. H. Pointed notochaeta from same chaetiger. I. Notochaeta from same chaetiger. A) Specimen from Gulf of California, B–H) holotype (Li: lips, LL: lateral lobes, MA: median antenna, ML: median lobe, Pa: palps, PA: paired antennae). Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D, 2 mm; E, F, 20 μm; G, H, 50 μm (Photos: A, B: Tulio Villalobos).
FIGURE 7 in Revision of Chloeia Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 from tropical American seas (Annelida, Amphinomidae)
FIGURE 7. Chloeia nuriae sp. n., holotype (EMU 13145). A. Dorsal view, recently collected. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Prostomium and caruncle. D. Neurochaeta from first chaetiger. E. Neurochaeta from same chaetiger 10. F. Notochaetae from first chaetiger. G. Notochaeta from chaetiger 10. H. Pigmentation pattern from median segments. I. Posterior end with cirriform lobes. A, D–I. Holotype; B, C. Paratypes (ADC: accessory cirriform branchiae, Br: bipinnate branchiae, DC: dorsal cirri, Li: lips, LL: lateral lobes, MA: median antenna, ML: median lobe, Pa: palps, PA: paired antennae). Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, C, 1 mm; D, 20 μm; E, 15 μm; F, G, 50 μm; H, 2 mm; I, 0.5 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.