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10,950 results for “hosting”
FIGURE 3 in Massaria broussonetiae sp. nov. and M. racemosae sp. nov. (Massariaceae, Pleosporales) on moraceous hosts
FIGURE 3. Massaria racemosae (holotype, MFLU 19–2135) a Substrate. b, c Ascomata on substrate. d Vertical section of an ascoma. e Peridium. f Paraphyses. g–l Asci (l in Congo Red). m–t Ascospores (s in Congo Red, t in Indian ink). Scale bars: a = 1 cm, b = 1000 µm, c = 500 µm, d = 200 µm, g–l = 50 µm, e, m–s = 20 µm, f = 5 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Massaria broussonetiae sp. nov. and M. racemosae sp. nov. (Massariaceae, Pleosporales) on moraceous hosts
FIGURE 1. Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood (IQ-tree) based on the LSU–SSU–TEF1–RPB2 matrix. MP, ML bootstrap support (≥50%) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (≥0.95PP) support are given above or below the branches, respectively. The types and ex-types taxa are in black and red bold, and the newly introduced taxa are in red. Aceraceae, Adoxaceae, Fabaceae, Moraceae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, and Ulmaceae host families are indicated right side.
FIGURES 5–10 in Description of the female of Copestylum tigrinum Ricarte & Hancock in Ricarte et al., 2015 (Diptera, Syrphidae), first record in mainland South America and new larval host plant
FIGURES 5–10. Copestylum tigrinum Ricarte & Hancock. Male (5–7): 5. Dorsal view; 6. Lateral View; 7. Apical abdominal tergites, dorsal view. Female (8–10): 8. Dorsal view; 9. Lateral View; 10. Apical abdominal tergites, dorsal view. Legend: abm, abdominal marking; m, scutum posterior macula; tb, metatibia.
FIGURES 11–17 in Description of the female of Copestylum tigrinum Ricarte & Hancock in Ricarte et al., 2015 (Diptera, Syrphidae), first record in mainland South America and new larval host plant
FIGURES 11–17. Copestylum tigrinum Ricarte & Hancock, genitalia. Male (11–12): 11. Lateral view; 12. Posterior view. Female (13–17): 13. Dorsal view; 14. Ventral view. Proctiger (15–17): 15. Dorsal view; 16. Lateral view; 17. Ventral view. Legend: ap, apodeme of the epiproct; c, cercus; ep, epandrium; epi, epiproct; ext, apico-lateral extensions of the epiproct; hyp, hypoproct; s8, sternite 8; s9, sternite 9 (internal); sct, sub-epandrial sclerite; st, surstylus; t6, 7 and 8, tergites 6, 7 and 8.
FIGURES 3–4 in Description of the female of Copestylum tigrinum Ricarte & Hancock in Ricarte et al., 2015 (Diptera, Syrphidae), first record in mainland South America and new larval host plant
FIGURES 3–4. Copestylum tigrinum Ricarte & Hancock, puparium: 3. Dorsal view, inset shows apical view of spiracular plate; 4. Lateral view. Legend: bt, posterior breathing tube; ds, dorsal scar; p, pit; so, spiracular opening; tr, transverse ridge.
Ecological conditions predict the intensity of Hendra virus excretion over space and time from bat reservoir hosts
<p>The ecological conditions experienced by wildlife reservoirs affect infection dynamics and thus the distribution of pathogen excreted into the environment, which have been hypothesized to shape risks of zoonotic spillover. However, few systems have data on both long-term ecological conditions and pathogen excretion to advance mechanistic understanding and test environmental drivers of spillover risk. We here analyze three years of Hendra virus data from nine Australian flying fox roosts with covariates derived from long-term studies of bat ecology. We show that the magnitude of winter pulses of viral excretion, previously considered idiosyncratic, are most pronounced after recent food shortages and in bat populations displaced to novel habitats. We further show that cumulative pathogen excretion over time is shaped by bat ecology and positively predicts spillover frequency. Our work emphasizes the role of reservoir host ecology in shaping pathogen excretion and provides a new approach to estimate spillover risk.</p>
Higher phage virulence accelerates the evolution of host resistance
<p>Pathogens vary strikingly in their virulence and the selection they impose on their hosts. While the evolution of different virulence levels is well studied, the evolution of host resistance in response to different virulence levels is less understood and as of now mainly based on observations and theoretical predictions with few experimental tests. Increased virulence can increase selection for host resistance evolution if resistance costs are outweighed by the benefits of avoiding infection. To test this, we experimentally evolved the bacterium <em>Vibrio alginolyticus</em> in the presence of two variants of a filamentous phage that differ in their virulence. The bacterial host exhibited two alternative defence strategies: (1) super infection exclusion (SIE) whereby phage-infected cells were immune to subsequent infection at a cost of reduced growth, and (2) surface receptor mutations (SRM) providing resistance to infection by preventing phage attachment. While SIE emerged rapidly against both phages, SRM evolved faster against the high compared to the low virulence phage. Using a mathematical model of our system we show that increasing virulence strengthens selection for SRM due to the higher costs of infection suffered by SIE immune hosts. Thus, by accelerating the evolution of host resistance, more virulent phages caused shorter epidemics.</p>
Database of the list for associations between host plants and fruit flies
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Insects tend to feed on related hosts. Coevolution tends to be dominated by interactions resulting from plant chemistry in defense strategies, and evolution of secondary metabolisms being in response to insect herbivory remains a classic explanation of coevolution. The present study examines whether evolutionary constraints existing in host associations of economically important fruit flies in the species-rich tribe Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae) and to what extent these species have evolved specialized dietary patterns. We found a strong effect of host phylogeny on associations on the 37 fruit flies tested, although the fruit fly species feeding on ripe commercially grown fruits that lost the toxic compounds after long domestication are mostly polyphagous. We assessed the phylogenetic signal of host breadth across the fruit fly species, showing that the results were substantially different depending on partition levels. Further, we mapped main host family associations onto the fruit fly phylogeny and Cucurbitaceae has been inferred as the most likely ancestral host family for Dacini based on ancestral state reconstruction.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
FIGURE 7 in Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host/ geographical records
FIGURE 7. Dothiorella sarmentorum on dead branch of Humulus lupulus (MFLU 19-0437). a, b. Conidiomata on branches of Humulus lupulus. c. Vertical section through conidioma. d. Peridium of conidioma. e–g. Conidia attached to conidiogenous cells. h, i. Conidia. j. Germinating conidium. l, m. Colony on PDA (l upper, m lower). Scale bars: a, b = 200 μm, c = 100 μm, d–j = 20 μm.
FIGURE 12 in Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host/ geographical records
FIGURE 12. Neodeightonia arengae on dead branch of Arenga tremula (NCYUCC 19-0419). a−c. Appearance of ascomata on host surface. d, e. Section of ascoma. f. Peridium. g. Pseudoparaphyses. h−k. Asci. l−n. Ascospores with a wing-like appendages (in water). o. Ascospore in 100% lactic acid. p, q. Colony on PDA (p upper, q lower). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 500 μm, c–e = 100 μm, f = 5 μm, g–k = 20 μm, l–o = 10 μm.
FIGURE 11 in Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host/ geographical records
FIGURE 11. Sphaeropsis eucalypticola on dead branch of Ficus ampelas (NCYUCC 19-0423). a, b. Appearance of ascostromata on host surface. c, d. Sections through ascomata. e. Section through peridium. f–h. Asci. i Ascospore. j. Germinating ascospore. k, l. Colony on PDA (k upper, l lower). Scale bars: a = 200 μm, b, c = 50 μm, d = 50 μm, e = 10 μm, f –h = 20 μm, i, j = 5 μm.
FIGURE 13 in Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host/ geographical records
FIGURE 13. Neodeightonia phoenicum on dead leaf base of Phoenix reclinata (MFLU 22-0096). a, b. Host. c, d. Appearance of conidiomata on host surface. e. Section through conidiomata. f. Section through peridium. g–j. Conidiogenous cells. k−n. Conidia. o. Germinating conidium. p, q. Colony on PDA (p upper, q lower). Scale bars: c = 2 mm, d = 100 μm, e = 50 μm, f, g = 5 μm, h–o = 10 μm.
FIGURE 14 in Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host/ geographical records
FIGURE 14. Botryosphaeria fabicerciana on dead twig of Prunus serrulate (NCYUCC 19-0405). a, b. Appearance of ascostromata on host surface. c. Section through ascoma. d. Peridium. e. Pseudoparaphyses. f–h. Asci. i–l. Ascospores. m. Germinating ascospore. n, o. Colony on PDA (n upper, o lower). Scale bars: a = 500 μm, b, f–h = 50 μm, c = 100 μm, d, e, m = 20 μm, i–l = 10 μm.
FIGURE 2 in Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host/ geographical records
FIGURE 2. Phylogram generated from ML analysis based on combined dataset of ITS, tef1-α and β-tub. The tree is rooted to Barriopsis stevensiana (CBS 174.26) and B. tectonae (MFLUCC 12-0381). Tree topology is similar to previous study conducted by Dissanayake et al. (2021). Bootstrap support values for ML ≥ 70% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) ≥ 0.90 are noted at the nodes. Strain numbers are noted after the species names. Strains isolated in this study are presented in red and type strains are in bold.
FIGURE 5 in Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host/ geographical records
FIGURE 5. Dothiorella obovata on dead twig of Pavonia odorata (holotype: MFLU 22-0094). a, b. Appearance of ascostromata on host surface. c, d. Section through ascomata. e. Section through peridium. f. Pseudoparaphyses. g–j. Asci. k–n. Ascospores. O. Germinating ascospore. p, q. Colony on PDA (p upper, q lower). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 500 μm, c, d =100 μm, e, f = 10 μm, g–j = 20 μm, k–o = 5 μm.
FIGURE 6 in Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host/ geographical records
FIGURE 6. Dothiorella albiziae on dead dry pod of Albizia lebbeck (holotype: MFLU 22-0093). a. Host. b, c. Conidiomata on dry pod surface. d. Vertical section through conidioma. e. Peridium of conidioma. f–i. Conidia attached to conidiogenous cells. j–m. Conidia. n, o. Colony on PDA (n upper, o lower). Scale bars: b = 2 mm, c = 500 μm, d = 100 μm, e–m = 10 μm.
FIGURE 4 in Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host/ geographical records
FIGURE 4. Phylogram generated from ML analysis based on combined dataset of ITS, tef1-α and β-tub. The tree is rooted to Macrophomina phaseolina (CBS 227.33 and CBS 162.25). Tree topology is similar to previous study conducted by Rathnayaka et al. (2021). Bootstrap support values for ML ≥ 75% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) ≥ 0.90 are noted at the nodes. Strain numbers are noted after the species names. The strain isolated in this study is presented in red and type strains are in bold.
FIGURE 10 in Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host/ geographical records
FIGURE 10. Sphaeropsis eucalypticola on dead branch of Tamarindus indica (MFLU 22-0095). a, b. Appearance of ascostromata on host surface. c, d. Sections through ascomata. e. Section through peridium. f. Pseudoparaphyses. g–j. Asci. k–p. Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 2 mm, b, c = 200 μm, d = 100 μm, e, f = 20 μm, g–j = 50 μm, k–p = 10 μm.
FIGURE 3 in Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host/ geographical records
FIGURE 3. Phylogram generated from ML analysis based on combined dataset of ITS, LSU, SSU, and tef1-α. The tree is rooted to Diplodia mutila (CBS 112553) and D. rosulata (CBS 116470). Tree topology is similar to previous study conducted by Phukhamsakda et al. (2022). Bootstrap support values for ML ≥ 70% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) ≥ 0.90 are noted at the nodes. Strain numbers are noted after the species names. Strains isolated in this study are presented in red and type strains are in bold.
FIGURE 1 in Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host/ geographical records
FIGURE 1. Phylogram generated from ML analysis based on combined dataset of ITS, LSU, tef1-α and β-tub. The tree is rooted to Neofusicoccum luteum (CMW 4165 and CBS 562.26). Tree topology is similar to the previous study by Zhang et al. (2021). Bootstrap support values for ML ≥ 70% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) ≥ 0.90 are noted at the nodes. Strain numbers are noted after the species names. Strains isolated in this study are presented in red and type strains are in bold.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.