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FIGURE 7 in Contribution to the Chinese Rhaphidophorinae Walker, 1869 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Rhaphidophorinae): New species of Rhaphidophora Serville, 1838 from China

FIGURE 7. Rhaphidophora quadrula sp. nov. male: A. head in frontal view; B. head and pronotum in lateral view; C. head and thorax in dorsal view; D. apex of abdomen in apico-dorsal view; E. apex of abdomen in apical view; F. apex of abdomen in lateral view; G. subgenital plate in ventral view.

FIGURE 6 in Contribution to the Chinese Rhaphidophorinae Walker, 1869 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Rhaphidophorinae): New species of Rhaphidophora Serville, 1838 from China

FIGURE 6. Rhaphidophora minuolamella Liu & Zhang, 2002. Female: A. hind basitarsus; B. apex of abdomen in lateral view; C. subgenital plate in ventral view; D. apex of abdomen in apical view. (from Liu & Zhang, 2002: Figs. 4–7).

FIGURE 1 in Contribution to the Chinese Rhaphidophorinae Walker, 1869 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Rhaphidophorinae): New species of Rhaphidophora Serville, 1838 from China

FIGURE 1. Rhaphidophora biprocera sp. nov. male: A. head in frontal view; B. head and pronotum in dorsal view; C. head and thorax in lateral view; D. apex of abdomen in apical view; E. subgenital plate in ventral view; F. apex of abdomen in lateral view.

FIGURE 2 in Contribution to the Chinese Rhaphidophorinae Walker, 1869 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Rhaphidophorinae): New species of Rhaphidophora Serville, 1838 from China

FIGURE 2. Rhaphidophora brevispinula sp. nov. male: A. head in frontal view; B. head and pronotum in dorsal view; C. head and thorax in lateral view; D–E. epiproct: D. dorsal view, E. apico-dorsal view; G–H. apex of abdomen: G. ventro-lateral view, H. dorso-lateral view.

FIGURE 4 in Contribution to the Chinese Rhaphidophorinae Walker, 1869 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Rhaphidophorinae): New species of Rhaphidophora Serville, 1838 from China

FIGURE 4. Rhaphidophora longitabula sp. nov. male: A. head in frontal view; B. head and pronotum in dorsal view; C. head and thorax in lateral view; D. epiproct in dorsal view; E. apex of abdomen in lateral view; F. subgenital plate in ventral view; G. tarsus of male hind leg in lateral view.

FIGURE 3 in Contribution to the Chinese Rhaphidophorinae Walker, 1869 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Rhaphidophorinae): New species of Rhaphidophora Serville, 1838 from China

FIGURE 3. Rhaphidophora incilis sp. nov. A, I. head in frontal view; B. head in dorsal view; C, H. head and pronotum in dorsal view; D, J. head and thorax in lateral view; E–F, K. apex of abdomen: E. dorsal view, F, K. lateral view; G, L. subgenital plate in ventral view; A–G. male; H–L. female.

FIGURES 24–29. 24–25 in Contributions to the taxonomy of Minixi Giordani Soika and Alphamenes Van der Vecht (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae), with an identification key to the species of the latter

FIGURES 24–29. 24–25. Female head in frontal view: 24. Alphamenes usitatus (Fox), clypeus weakly emarginate. 25. Alphamenes richardsi Giordani Soika, clypeus strongly emarginate (arrow points to the clypeus' apex). 26–28. Male S7: 26. Alphamenes incertus (de Saussure), with sinuous transversal carina (arrow points to the S7). 27. Alphamenes campanulatus (Fabricius), with straight carina (arrow points to the S7). 28. Alphamenes convexus (Fox), with longitudinal carina and golden pilosity (white arrow points to the S7; red arrow points to the golden pilosity). 29. Alphamenes semiplanus Giordani Soika, with longitudinal carina and withish pilosity (white arrow points to the S7; red arrow points to the withish pilosity). Scale bars for Figs. 24–25, 27–28 = 1 mm, 26 = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 6–11 in Contributions to the taxonomy of Minixi Giordani Soika and Alphamenes Van der Vecht (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae), with an identification key to the species of the latter

FIGURES 6–11. Minixi brethesi (Bertoni), male. 6. Head in frontal view; 7. Antennal apex (arrow points to the F11); 8. Habitus; 9. Pronotum and mesepisternum in lateral view; 10. Dorsal view (red arrow points to the pronotum; white arrow points to the propodeum; black arrow points to the T1); 11. Posterior surface of propodeum (arrow points to the lower portion of median concavity deeply depressed). Scale bar for Figs. 6– 8 = 0.5 mm, Figs. 9, 11 = 1 mm, Fig. 10 = 2 mm.

FIGURES 18–23. 18–19. T1 in Contributions to the taxonomy of Minixi Giordani Soika and Alphamenes Van der Vecht (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae), with an identification key to the species of the latter

FIGURES 18–23. 18–19. T1 in dorsal view, punctation: 18. Alphamenes richardsi Giordani Soika, strongly punctured (arrow points to the punctation of T1); 19. Alphamenes campanulatus (Fabricius), weakly punctured (arrow points to the punctation of T1). 20–21. Male S7: 20. Alphamenes insignis (Fox), without carina; 21. Alphamenes usitatus (Fox), with carina (arrow points to the S7). 22–23. Mesosoma in posterior view: 22. Alphamenes richardsi, tegulae strongly punctured (white arrow points to the propodeum; red arrow points to the tegula). 23. Alphamenes insignis, tegulae weakly punctured (white arrow points to the propodeum). Scale bar for Figs. 18–19, 21–23 = 0.5 mm, Fig. 20 = 1 mm.

FIGURES 1–5 in Contributions to the taxonomy of Minixi Giordani Soika and Alphamenes Van der Vecht (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae), with an identification key to the species of the latter

FIGURES 1–5. Minixi tricoloratum (Zavattari), male. 1. Head in frontal view; 2. Antennal apex (arrow points to F11); 3. Mesosoma in dorsal view (arrow points to the tegula); 4. Dorsal view (black arrow points to the dorsal surface of propodeum; red arrow points to T2); 5. Aedeagus in lateral view. Scale bar for Figs. 1, 5 = 0.2 mm, Fig. 2–4 = 1 mm.

FIGURES 12–17. 12 in Contributions to the taxonomy of Minixi Giordani Soika and Alphamenes Van der Vecht (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae), with an identification key to the species of the latter

FIGURES 12–17. 12. Male, habitus: Alphamenes insignis loquax Giordani Soika (synonymyzed under Alphamenes richardsi). 13–15. Alphamenes richardsi Giordani Soika: 13. Male, habitus; 14. Male, dorsal view; 15. Female, dorsal view of mesossoma. 16–17. Dorsal view of metassoma: 16. Alphamenes convexus (Fox); 17. Alphamenes semiplanus Giordani Soika. Scale bar for Figs. 12–14, 16, 17 = 1 mm, Fig. 15 = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 75–85 in Contributions to the study of gomphocerine grasshoppers calling songs (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) with notes on taxonomic status and distribution of some forms from Kyrgyzstan

FIGURES 75–85. Chorthippus apricarius (L.). 75–82―forewing, 83–85―antenna. 75―Ch. apricarius asiaticus, holotype, 76–77―Chorthippus apricarius apricarius sensu Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko (1951), 78–79―males from the Central Tien Shan Mts., 80–85―males from Chatkal Mtn. Range, the West Tien Shan Mts. Signals of males, which wings and antennae are presented on Figs. 78–85 are recorded on disk. 75–77―after Bey-Bienko & Mistshenko (1951).

FIGURES 61–74 in Contributions to the study of gomphocerine grasshoppers calling songs (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) with notes on taxonomic status and distribution of some forms from Kyrgyzstan

FIGURES 61–74. Oscillograms of male calling songs of Chorthippus apricarius (L.). 61 and 64―male from Chatkal Mtn. Range, the West Tien Shan Mts., 62 and 65–66―male from the Karakol River Valley, the Central Tien Shan Mts., 63 and 67―male from the Dzhumgal River Valley, the Central Tien Shan Mts., 68–69―two males of Ch. apricarius apricarius from Moscow Oblast, 70–71―same, two males from Rostov Oblast, 72–74―three males of Ch. apricarius major Pylnov from the North Caucasus. For males from the localities outside Kyrgyzstan only parts of songs are presented. Echeme repetition period in different songs is different due to differences in temperature; oscillogram speed is matched so that the repetition period is the same, but the time scale is different. Faster oscillograms of the parts of songs indicated as "64–67" are given under the same numbers.

FIGURES 47–60 in Contributions to the study of gomphocerine grasshoppers calling songs (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) with notes on taxonomic status and distribution of some forms from Kyrgyzstan

FIGURES 47–60. Oscillograms of male calling songs of Glyptobothrus maritimus Mistsh. 47, 51, and 56―male from Turkestan Mtn. Range, South Kyrgyzstan, 48, 52, and 57―male from the shore of the Tortkul' Reservoir, South Kyrgyzstan, 49, 53, and 58―male from Chatkal Mtn. Range, the West Tien Shan Mts., 50, 55, and 60―male from the southern shore of the Issyk-Kul' (Ysyk Köl) Lake, the North Tien Shan Mts., 54 and 59―male from the Dzhumgal River Valley, the Central Tien Shan Mts. (only parts of songs are presented). Faster oscillograms of the parts of songs indicated as "51–53" and "55–60" are given under the same numbers.

FIGURES 28–30 in Contributions to the study of gomphocerine grasshoppers calling songs (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) with notes on taxonomic status and distribution of some forms from Kyrgyzstan

FIGURES 28–30. Gomphocerus sibiricus (L.), male from the Central Tien Shan Mts., which songs are given on oscillograms on Figs. 13–14, 16, 20, and 24. 28―head and pronotum, 29―left antenna, 30―right antenna.

FIGURES 13–27 in Contributions to the study of gomphocerine grasshoppers calling songs (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) with notes on taxonomic status and distribution of some forms from Kyrgyzstan

FIGURES 13–27. Oscillograms of male calling songs of Gomphocerus sibiricus (L.). 13–14, 16, 20, and 24―male from the Central Tien Shan Mts., 15, 17, 21, and 25―male from Buryatia, 18, 22, and 26―male from Irkutsk Oblast, 19, 23, and 27―male from Chita Oblast. 13–15―general view of a song, 16–19―main part of a song, 20–23―end part of a song, 24– 27―main part of a song at higher speed. For males from Irkutsk Oblast and Chita Oblast only parts of songs are presented. Faster oscillograms of the parts of songs indicated as "14", "16–17", "20–21", and "24–27" are given under the same numbers.

FIGURES 86–95 in Contributions to the study of gomphocerine grasshoppers calling songs (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) with notes on taxonomic status and distribution of some forms from Kyrgyzstan

FIGURES 86–95. Oscillograms of male calling songs of Gomphocerinae. 86–90―Chorthippus dichrous (Eversmann), 91– 95―Euchorthippus pulvinatus (F.-W.). Faster oscillograms of the parts of songs indicated as "87–90", "92", and "94–95" are given under the same numbers.

FIGURES 2–12 in Contributions to the study of gomphocerine grasshoppers calling songs (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) with notes on taxonomic status and distribution of some forms from Kyrgyzstan

FIGURES 2–12. Oscillograms of male calling songs of Gomphocerinae. 2–6―Dociostaurus maroccanus (Thunb.), 7– 9―Stenobothrus fischeri (Ev.), 10–12―Omocestus haemorrhoidalis (Charp.). Faster oscillograms of the parts of songs indicated as "3", "5–6", "8–9", and "11–12" are given under the same numbers.

FIGURE 1 in Contributions to the study of gomphocerine grasshoppers calling songs (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) with notes on taxonomic status and distribution of some forms from Kyrgyzstan

FIGURE 1. Map of localities in Kyrgyzstan, where the specimens for signal recordings were collected. 1―Turkestan Mtn. Range, environs of Katran Village, the Layli Mazar River 2–3 km upstream from the source of the Lyaylyak River; 2―Northern shore of the Tortkul' Reservoir ca. 12 km West of Batken; 3― the West Tien Shan Mts., Chatkal Mtn. Range, Sary Chelek Nature Reserve, environs of Arkyt Village; 4― the Central Tien Shan Mts., the Kekemeren River Basin, the Western Karakol River ca. 10 km from the mouth (10 km East-North-East from Suusamyr Village); 5― the Central Tien Shan Mts., the Kekemeren River Gorge 8–9 km downstream from Kozhomkul Village; 6― the Central Tien Shan Mts., the Dzhumgal River Valley East of Chaek; 7―Southern shore of the Issyk-Kul' (Ysyk Köl) Lake, the mouth of the Tossor River (17 km East of Kaji Say); 8―Eastern shore of the Issyk-Kul' (Ysyk Köl) Lake, 20 km West from Mikhailovka Village.

FIGURES 31–46 in Contributions to the study of gomphocerine grasshoppers calling songs (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) with notes on taxonomic status and distribution of some forms from Kyrgyzstan

FIGURES 31–46. Oscillograms of male calling songs of Gomphocerinae. 31–34―Stauroderus scalaris (F.-W.), 35– 46―Glyptobothrus mollis (Charp.). 35–36, 39–40, and 43–44―two males from the Dzhumgal River Valley, the Central Tien Shan Mts., 37–38, 41–42, and 45–46―two males from the southern shore of the Issyk-Kul' (Ysyk Köl) Lake, the North Tien Shan Mts. Faster oscillograms of the parts of songs indicated as "32–34" and "39–46" are given under the same numbers.