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Immune assay data for Lycaeides melissa larvae reared on different host plants and with/without egg microbes
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><span>1.<span> </span></span><span>Maternally transmitted microbes are ubiquitous. In insects, maternal microbes can play a role in mediating the insect immune response. </span><span>Less is known about how ecological factors, such as resource use, interact with maternal microbes to affect immunity. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>2.<span> </span></span><span>In the context of a recent colonization of a novel host plant by the Melissa blue butterfly (<em>Lycaeides melissa</em>), we investigated the interaction between host plant use and vertically transmitted, extracellular egg-associated microbes in determining the strength of the insect immune response. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>3.<span> </span></span><span>We reared larvae on two different host plant species: a native host <em>Astragalus canadensis</em> and a novel host <em>Medicago sativa</em>. Egg-associated microbes were removed through a series of antimicrobial egg washes prior to hatching. Immune response was measured through three assays: standing phenoloxidase (PO), total PO, and melanization. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>4.<span> </span></span><span>We detected strong effects of microbial removal. Egg washing resulted in larvae with an increased immune response as measured by total PO- contrary to reports from other taxa. The effect of washing was especially strong for larvae consuming the native host plant. </span></p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"><span>5.<span> </span></span><span>This result may explain why consumption of the egg casing is not a universal behaviour in insects, due to negative effects on larval immunity. </span></p>
FIGURE. Dothiorella viticola on dead branch of Morus sp. (MFLU 19-0621). a, b. Conidiomata on host substrate. c. Vertical section through conidioma. d. Ostiole. e. Peridium of conidioma. f–j. Conidia attached to conidiogenous cells. k–m. Conidia. n. Germinating conidium. o, p. Colony on PDA (o upper, p lower). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 100 μm, c = 50 μm, d = 20 μm, e–n = 10 μm. in Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host/ geographical records
FIGURE. Dothiorella viticola on dead branch of Morus sp. (MFLU 19-0621). a, b. Conidiomata on host substrate. c. Vertical section through conidioma. d. Ostiole. e. Peridium of conidioma. f–j. Conidia attached to conidiogenous cells. k–m. Conidia. n. Germinating conidium. o, p. Colony on PDA (o upper, p lower). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 100 μm, c = 50 μm, d = 20 μm, e–n = 10 μm.
FIGURE. Sphaeropsis linhaiensis on dead branch of Cinnamomum camphora (HKAS 10-2383). a, b. Appearance of ascostromata on host surface. c, d. Section through ascomata. e. Section through peridium. f. Pseudoparaphyses. g–j. Asci. k–p. Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 μm, c, d = 100 μm, e, f = 20 μm, g–j = 50 μm, k–p = 10 μm. in Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host/ geographical records
FIGURE. Sphaeropsis linhaiensis on dead branch of Cinnamomum camphora (HKAS 10-2383). a, b. Appearance of ascostromata on host surface. c, d. Section through ascomata. e. Section through peridium. f. Pseudoparaphyses. g–j. Asci. k–p. Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 μm, c, d = 100 μm, e, f = 20 μm, g–j = 50 μm, k–p = 10 μm.
Local adaptation to hosts and parasitoids shape Hamiltonella defensa genotypes across aphid species - Datasets and scripts
<p>Datasets and scripts from "Local adaptation to hosts and parasitoids shape <em>Hamiltonella defensa</em> genotypes across aphid species"</p>
Experimental evidence that host species composition alters host-pathogen dynamics in a ranavirus-amphibian assemblage
<p>Losses in biodiversity can alter disease risk through changes in host species composition. Host species vary in pathogen susceptibility and competence. Yet how changes in diversity alter host-pathogen dynamics remains unclear in many systems, particularly with respect to generalist pathogens. Amphibians are experiencing worldwide population declines linked to generalist pathogens, such as ranavirus, and thus represent an ideal group to investigate how host species composition affects disease risk. We conducted experiments where individuals in the laboratory and assemblages of three amphibian species (Pacific tree frogs, Pseudacris regilla; Cascades frogs, Rana cascadae; and Western toads, Anaxyrus boreas) or just A. boreas alone in outdoor mesocosms were exposed to ranavirus as larvae. In laboratory experiment, we observed low survival and high viral loads in P. regilla compared to the other species suggesting that this species was highly susceptible to the pathogen. In the mesocosm experiment, we observed 41% A. boreas mortality when alone and 98% mortality when maintained with P. regilla and R. cascadae. Our results suggest that the presence of highly susceptible species can alter disease dynamics across multiple species, potentially increasing infection risk and mortality in co-occurring species.</p>
FIGURES 25 in Dilacera, a new astonishing Amazonian genus of termitophilous rove beetle (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Termitonannini) and updated checklist of the subtribe Termitonannina with their termite hosts
FIGURES 25– 31. Dilacera exokosmos Zilberman & Pires-Silva gen. et sp. nov., female. 25, paratergites and tergite VII; 26, sternite VII; 27, tergite X and sternite IX; 28, sternite IX (one side); 29, tergite X; 30, tergite VIII; 31, spermatheca. Scale bars = 0.01 mm
FIGURES 32 in Dilacera, a new astonishing Amazonian genus of termitophilous rove beetle (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Termitonannini) and updated checklist of the subtribe Termitonannina with their termite hosts
FIGURES 32– 39. Dilacera exokosmos Zilberman & Pires-Silva gen. et sp. nov. schemes, 32, maxilla; 33, labrum; 34, tergite VIII (male); 35, tergite VIII (female); 36, tergite VII and paratergites VII; 37, sternite VII; 38, pronotum (male); 39, pronotum (female).
FIGURES 7 in Dilacera, a new astonishing Amazonian genus of termitophilous rove beetle (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Termitonannini) and updated checklist of the subtribe Termitonannina with their termite hosts
FIGURES 7– 24. Dilacera exokosmos Zilberman & Pires-Silva gen. et sp. nov., female. 7, mandibles; 8, antenna; 9, labrum; 10, prementum; 11, maxilla; 12, pronotum; 13, prosternum; 14, meso- metasternum; 15, metendesternite; 16, meso- metanotum; 17, scutellum; 18, elytron; 19, proleg; 20, protarsus; 21, mesoleg; 22, mesotarsus; 23, metaleg; 24, metatarsus. Scale bars = 0.004 mm (9), 0.005 mm (7, 8, 10– 18, 20, 22, 24), 0.02 (19, 21, 23).
FIGURES 3 in Dilacera, a new astonishing Amazonian genus of termitophilous rove beetle (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Termitonannini) and updated checklist of the subtribe Termitonannina with their termite hosts
FIGURES 3– 4. Dilacera exokosmos Zilberman & Pires-Silva gen. et sp. nov., habitus lateral. 3, male; 4, female. Both are about 4.5 mm in body length, with the abdomen distended.
FIGURES 5 in Dilacera, a new astonishing Amazonian genus of termitophilous rove beetle (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Termitonannini) and updated checklist of the subtribe Termitonannina with their termite hosts
FIGURES 5– 6. Dilacera exokosmos Zilberman & Pires-Silva gen. et sp. nov., habitus ventral. 5, male; 6, female. Both are about 4.5 mm in body length, with the abdomen distended.
FIGURES 1 in Dilacera, a new astonishing Amazonian genus of termitophilous rove beetle (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Termitonannini) and updated checklist of the subtribe Termitonannina with their termite hosts
FIGURES 1– 2. Dilacera exokosmos Zilberman & Pires-Silva gen. et sp. nov., habitus dorsal. 1, male; 2, female. Both are about 4.5 mm in body length, with the abdomen distended.
FIGURE 1 in A new host record of Diaporthe rosae on Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.)
FIGURE 1. Consensus phylogram of 1,000 trees resulting from a RAxML analysis of the (ITS+Tef+TUB2+CAL) alignment of the analysed Diaporthe sp. sequences. RAxML bootstrap support values (ML above 60%), maximum parsimony (MP above 60%) and Bayesian inference (BYPP above 0.90) are given at the nodes (ML/MP/BYPP). The newly introduced sequences are in blue bold. The scale bar represents the expected number of changes per site. The tree is rooted to Valas ambiens CFCC 89894.
FIGURE 3 in A new host record of Diaporthe rosae on Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.)
FIGURE 3. Diaporthe rosae (MFLUCC 22–0011) a Herbarium material. b–e Sporulation on PDA. Mycelium on PDA. g–h Conidiophores with Alpha-conidia. j–k Alpha-conidia. l–m Alpha-conidia and Beta–conidia. Scale bars: f, g, h, i = 10 µm, j, k, l, m = 5 µm.
Effect of host light level on the M sativa P japonicum interaction
<p>This dataset shows the data for an experiment to explore the relationship between the hemiparasite Phtheirospermum japonicum and host plant Medicago sativa, where the host wss subject to high or low light levels</p>
Experimental evidence that cuckoos choose host nests following an egg matching strategy
<p><span>The arms race between brood parasites and their hosts provides a classic model to study coevolution. Hosts often learn to recognize and remove the parasitic egg from their clutch. To avoid egg rejection, brood parasites should select host nests in which the colour of the eggs best matches that of their own. Although this hypothesis has received some support, direct experimental evidence is still lacking. Here, we report on a study of Daurian redstarts (<em>Phoenicurus auroreus</em>), a species showing a distinct egg colour dimorphism, with females laying either blue or pink eggs. Redstarts are often parasitized by common cuckoos (<em>Cuculus canorus</em>), which lay light blue eggs. First, we show that cuckoo eggs were more similar in spectral reflectance to the blue than to the pink redstart egg morph. Second, we report that the natural parasitism rate was higher in blue than in pink host clutches. Third, we performed a field experiment in which we presented a dummy clutch of each colour morph close to active redstart nests. In this setup, cuckoos almost always chose to parasitize a blue clutch. Our results demonstrate that cuckoos actively choose redstart nests in which the egg colour matches the colour of their own eggs. Our study thus provides direct experimental evidence in support of the egg matching hypothesis.</span></p>
FIGURE 7 in Discovery of a new species of Caloptilia (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from east and central Africa with its suggested associated host (Gentianales: Rubiaceae) and natural enemies (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
FIGURE 7. Caloptilia mwamba sp. nov., basal part of tegumen and vinculum, holotype, gen. prep. De Prins 3835♂.
FIGURE 21. Male genitalia, paratype RMCA ENT 000002497 in Discovery of a new species of Caloptilia (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from east and central Africa with its suggested associated host (Gentianales: Rubiaceae) and natural enemies (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
FIGURE 21. Male genitalia, paratype RMCA ENT 000002497, gen. prep. De Prins 3838♂ (RMCA 00709), aedoeagus. Scale bar 100 µm.
Plant pathogen-mediated rapid acclimation of a host-specialized aphid to a non-host plant
<p>Polyphagous aphids often consist of host-specialized lineages which have greater fitness on their native hosts than on others. The underlying causes are important for understanding of the evolution of diet breadth and host shift of aphids. The cotton-melon aphid Aphis gossypii Glover is extremely polyphagous with many strict host-specialized lineages. Whether and how the lineage specialized on the primary host hibiscus shifts to the secondary host cucumber remains elusive. We found that the hibiscus-specialized lineage suffered high mortality and gave birth to very few nymphs developing into yellow dwarfs on fresh cucumber leaves, and did not inflict any damage symptoms on cucumber plants. The poor performance did not improve with prolonged exposure to cucumber; however, it did significantly improve when the cucumber leaves were pre-infected with a biotrophic phytopathogen Pseudoperonospora cubensis. More importantly, the hibiscus-specialized lineage with two-generation feeding experience on pre-infected cucumber leaves performed as well as the cucumber-specialized lineage did on fresh cucumber leaves, and inflicted typical damage symptoms on intact cucumber plants. Electrical penetration graph (EPG) indicated that the hibiscus-specialized lineage did not ingest phloem sap from fresh cucumber leaves but succeeded in ingesting phloem sap from pre-infected cucumber leaves, which explained the performance improvement of the hibiscus-specialized lineage on pre-infected cucumber leaves. This study revealed a new pathway for the hibiscus-specialized lineage to quickly acclimate to cucumber under the assistance of the phytopathogen. We considered that the short feeding experience on pre-infected cucumber may activate expression of effector genes that are related to specific host utilization. We suggest to identify host-specific effectors by comparing proteomes or/and transcriptomes of the hibiscus-specialized lineage before and after acclimating to cucumber.</p>
FIGURE 12 in Status of Patania harutai (Inoue, 1955) in Korea, with a new species (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Spilomelinae), and clarification of their host plants
FIGURE 12. Folded leaves of Acer pictum Thunb. var. mono (Maxim.) Maxim. ex Franch by P. gorosoe sp. nov. in Korea National Arboretum, Gwangreung forest, Pocheon, Korea.
FIGURES 3–6 in Status of Patania harutai (Inoue, 1955) in Korea, with a new species (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Spilomelinae), and clarification of their host plants
FIGURES 3–6. Heads of Patania spp. from Korea. 3a–d. P. harutai, male (specimen no. 1044, slide no. INU-7588). 4a–d. ditto, female (specimen no. 1045, slide no. INU-7589). 5a–d. P. gorosoe sp. nov., male (holotype, specimen no. 1039, slide no. INU-7583). 6a–d. ditto, female (paratype, specimen no. 1040, slide no. INU-7584).
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.