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Text–fig. 1. Geographical and geological situation in the James Ross Island region. The locality No. 32 and the position of the Johann Gregor Mendel Czech Antarctic Station (JGM) are indicated. Modified from Sakala and Vodrážka (2014). in Marattiopsis Vodrazkae Sp. Nov. (Marattiaceae) From The Campanian Of The Hidden Lake Formation, James Ross Island, Antarctica.

Text–fig. 1. Geographical and geological situation in the James Ross Island region. The locality No. 32 and the position of the Johann Gregor Mendel Czech Antarctic Station (JGM) are indicated. Modified from Sakala and Vodrážka (2014).

Fig. 4 in A new sediment-dwelling pholadid bivalve from Oligocene glaciomarine sediments of King George Island, West Antarctica

Fig. 4. Schematic illustration of exterior of Pholadidea gradzinskii sp. nov., showing main morphological features discussed. Left lateral (A), anterior (B), dorsal (C), and ventral (D) views.

Fig. 3. A in A new sediment-dwelling pholadid bivalve from Oligocene glaciomarine sediments of King George Island, West Antarctica

Fig. 3. A. Outcrops of glaciomarine strata of the Oligocene Polonez Cove Formation (the Siklawa Member) on King George Island, arrow indicates position on Pholadidea gradzinskii horizons at Mazurek Point (photograph by AG, January 2007). B. Diamictite from bed in Siklawa Member of the Polonez Cove Formation, with Pholadidea gradzinskii bearing moulds at the base (arrowed). The diamictite contains metamorphic (m) and granitoid (g) clasts.

Fig. 8 in A new sediment-dwelling pholadid bivalve from Oligocene glaciomarine sediments of King George Island, West Antarctica

Fig. 8. Paleogene arrangement of Southern Gondwana with distribution of species of Pholadidea in The Weddellian Biogeographic Province from the Late Cretaceous–Paleogene. Abbreviations: 1, Pholadidea (Hatasia) wiffenae, Campanian–Maastrichtian; 2, Pholadidea frenguellii, Eocene; 3, Pholadidea patagonica, Oligocene–early Miocene; 4, Pholadidea gradzinskii, Oligocene; CAS, Central American Seaway; full arrows, possible dispersal route of Pholadidea from New Zealand to Antarctica/South America during the latest Cretaceous and the Paleogene (in the latest Cretaceous situation, New Zealand was immediately adjacent to Australia and Antarctica); stippled arrows, two possible dispersal routes of Pholadidea out from the Weddellian Biogeographic Province. Map adopted after Clarke and Crame (1989).

Fig. 1. A in A new sediment-dwelling pholadid bivalve from Oligocene glaciomarine sediments of King George Island, West Antarctica

Fig. 1. A. Map of Antarctic Peninsula area, arrow shows position of King George Island in South Shetland Islands archipelago. B. King George Island showing location of the study area. C. Low Head–Lions Rump area, arrow shows position of Pholadidea gradzinskii sp. nov. horizons at Mazurek Point (after Gaździcki et al. 1982).

Fig. 7 in A new sediment-dwelling pholadid bivalve from Oligocene glaciomarine sediments of King George Island, West Antarctica

Fig. 7. Vertical transverse sections through pholadid bivalve Pholadidea gradzinskii sp. nov. (ZPAL Mo XVIII/12/A–W), preserved in life position within a boring from the Oligocene of King George Island. The numbers refer to distance from the anterior of the shell in milimeters. Abbreviations: ap, apophysis; b, beak; ch, chondrophore; cl, callum; dcle, dorsal extension of the callum; hp, hypoplax; mt, metaplax; r, rasp; sp, siphonoplax; ur, umbonal reflection.

Fig. 5 in A new sediment-dwelling pholadid bivalve from Oligocene glaciomarine sediments of King George Island, West Antarctica

Fig. 5. Pholadid bivalve Pholadidea gradzinskii sp. nov. (ZPAL Mo. XVIII/3, holotype) from the Oligocene of King George Island. A. Left-lateral view of the complete specimen (A1), arrow marks deformation of the callum; anterior of the left valve (A2), showing callum covered with growth lines. B. Rightlateral view of the complete specimen (B1), arrow marks deformation of the callum; anterior of the right valve (B2), showing umbonal reflection raised anteriorly and appressed on the umbo. C. Dorsal view of the complete specimen showing metaplax formed by partially calcified periostracal mantle connecting the dorsal margin of the valves. D. Ventral view of the complete specimen showing a hypoplax formed by partially calcified periostracal mantle extending beyond the ventral margin of the shells and connected with the callum; arrows mark deformation of the callum and hypoplax. E. Inclined dorsal view of the anterior showing umbonal reflection covered with the dorsal extension of the callum. F. Anterior view showing the callum and umbonal reflection covered by the dorsal extension of the callum.

Fig. 2 in A new sediment-dwelling pholadid bivalve from Oligocene glaciomarine sediments of King George Island, West Antarctica

Fig. 2. Simplified lithostratigraphic profile of the Polonez Cove Formation, with lithological profile of the Siklawa Member at Mazurek Point where investigated fossils were collected. The arrow marks the mudstone interval where the majority of the specimens of Pholadidea gradzinskii sp. nov. described in this paper was collected. The lithostratigraphy after Birkenmajer (1983), Porębski and Gradziński (1987), Birkenmajer (2001), Troedson and Smellie (2002). Dating of the units after Smellie et al. (1984), Birkenmajer (1989), Dingle et al. (1997), Dingle and Lavelle (1998), and Troedson and Smellie (2002). The lithological profile of the Siklawa Member at Mazurek Point partially adapted from Gaździcki et al. (1982).

Fig. 9 in Arthropod trace fossils from Eocene cold climate continental strata of King George Island, West Antarctica

Fig. 9. The lectotype of Stiaria intermedia Smith, 1909 (see also Fig. 8H), Epichnion, Old Red Sandstone, Lower Devonian, Dunure (GSE 14075), Scotland, UK. Published with permission of the British Geological Survey in Edinburgh.

Fig. 11 in Arthropod trace fossils from Eocene cold climate continental strata of King George Island, West Antarctica

Fig. 11. Hypichnial trace fossil cf. Pterichnus isp., middle–late Eocene, Mount Wawel Formation, King George Island, Antarctica, slab ZPAL Tf.8/2007.14. A. Four footprints in the series are visible in the lower left side. B. Less regular form in the lower side and the bilobate median trail of Glaciichnium australis in the upper part, which resembles the trace fossil Diplopodichnus.

Fig. 1 in Arthropod trace fossils from Eocene cold climate continental strata of King George Island, West Antarctica

Fig. 1. Map of King George Island (A) and location of the study region (B), after Birkenmajer (2002) with locality indicated (star).

Fig. 6 in Arthropod trace fossils from Eocene cold climate continental strata of King George Island, West Antarctica

Fig. 6. Arthropod trace fossil Glaciichnium australis isp. nov., middle–late Eocene, Mount Wawel Formation, King George Island, Antarctica, slab ZPAL Tf.8/2007.1. A. The holotype (redrawn in Fig. 8A), epichnion. The narrow diagonal furrows are damage scratches. B. Very irregular form running between the lower plant stems. C. Hypichnial forms preserved mostly as the double central trail resembling the trace fossil Diplopodichnus. D. Epichnial, unilobated median trails resembling the trace fossil Helminthoidichnites. Also delicate median bilobated trails are present. → Fig. 5. Arthropod trace fossil Glaciichnium australis isp. nov., resting trace, and lower plant stems on lower bedding surface, middle–late Eocene, Mount Wawel Formation, King George Island, Antarctica, slab ZPAL Tf.8/2007.8. A. General view, the long G. australis running from the base to the top shows different preservational variants. The knobs are plant stems. The resting trace (rt) in the lower part. B. Fragment of the long G. australis with thin blankets of underlying laminae covering the trace fossil. C. Fragment of the long G. australis crossed by another preserved mostly as the median trail, several cross sections of the lower plant stem. D. The resting trace (rt), several cross sections of the lower plant stem, and G. australis preserved mostly as the median trail. E. Resting trace, drawing (E1) and photograph of close view (E2).

Fig. 8 in Arthropod trace fossils from Eocene cold climate continental strata of King George Island, West Antarctica

Fig. 8. Comparison of drawings of holotype Glaciichnium australis sp. nov. (A) to Glaciichnium liebegastensis (B holotype, C), trackway of a Recent caddisfly larvae Philopotamus montanus (D), lectotype of Siskemia elegans (E), Stiaria quadripedia (F neotype, G), and lectotype of Stiaria intermedia (H). B, C from Walter (1985: fig. 4A and B, respectively); E from Walker (1985: fig. 2a, part); F from Pollard and Walker (1984: pl. 2: 2); G from Walker (1985: fig. 5a); H from Walker (1985: fig. 5c).

Fig. 7 in Arthropod trace fossils from Eocene cold climate continental strata of King George Island, West Antarctica

Fig. 7. Arthropod trace fossil Glaciichnium australis isp. nov. preserved mostly as unilobated or bilobated median trails, middle–late Eocene, Mount Wawel Formation, King George Island, Antarctica, slab ZPAL Tf.8/2007.25. A. Unilobate median trail passes into irregular trackway, produced probably in low cohesive substrate. B. A transition between unilobate and bilobate median trail. C. Unilobate and bilobate median trails as epichnial furrows. D. Hypichnial ridges, which are unilobated median trails resembling the trace fossil Helminthoidichnites.

Fig. 3 in Arthropod trace fossils from Eocene cold climate continental strata of King George Island, West Antarctica

Fig. 3. Some sedimentary and palaeobotanical features of the middle–late Eocene, Mount Wawel Formation, Martel Inlet Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. A. Symmetric ripple marks on surface of very fine-grained sandstone. B. Fossil plant remains of unknown affinity in cracked mudstone. C. Delicate ferns on a parting surfaces. D. Leaves of Nothofagus sp.

Fig. 4 in Arthropod trace fossils from Eocene cold climate continental strata of King George Island, West Antarctica

Fig. 4. Lower plant (reed?) stems in siltstone-sandstone slabs from of the middle–late Eocene, Mount Wawel Formation, Martel Inlet Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica, slab ZPAL Tf.8/2007.20. A. Lower bedding-plane view with cross section of the stems (arrows) and needle-like plant detritus shallowly buried in the bed. B. Cross section of the stem in thin section showing sand-filled interior and carbonized, ribbed wall. C. Cross section of the bed with oblique stem, whose surface is carbonized. D. Cross section of a bed showing a fragment of stem with longitudinal ribbing.

Fig. 2 in Arthropod trace fossils from Eocene cold climate continental strata of King George Island, West Antarctica

Fig. 2. Location of plant and trace fossil collection area as seen from Martel Inlet, Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. Photograph by AG, January 2007.

Fig. 10 in Arthropod trace fossils from Eocene cold climate continental strata of King George Island, West Antarctica

Fig. 10. Recent traces (A–C) of the caddisfly larvae Philopotamus montanus (Donovan, 1813) (D), Lejowa Valley, Tatra Mountains, southern Poland.

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Fig. 8 in The gaudryceratid ammonoids from the Upper Cretaceous of the James Ross Basin, Antarctica

Fig. 8. Microconchs of the gaudryceratid ammonoid Anagaudryceras calabozoi Raffi and Olivero sp. nov. from early Campanian (Cretaceous), Antarctica, Rabot Formation, Redonda Point locality. A. CADIC PI 472, holotype, phragmocone and part of the body chamber in lateral (A1) and ventral (A2) views. B. CADIC PI 473, phragmocone and part of the body chamber in lateral (B1) and ventral (B2) views. Arrows mark the beginning of the body chamber.