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FIGURE 3. Stachyphrynium latifolium. A in Notes on Singaporean native Zingiberales II: revision of Marantaceae, with a new generic record and notes on naturalised and commonly cultivated exotic species
FIGURE 3. Stachyphrynium latifolium. A. Base of the plant with inflorescences. B. Habit, detail of lower side of the lamina in inset. C. Detail of inflorescence. D. Detail of flowers in bracts (front view). E. Detail of flowers in bracts (side view). F. Detail of fruits and seeds. G. Fruit, still positioned in bract. H. Flower pair in bract. Based on SNG-019 and SNG-084. (Photos: Jana Leong-Škorničková)
FIGURE 4. Stachyphrynium parvum. A. Habit. B in Notes on Singaporean native Zingiberales II: revision of Marantaceae, with a new generic record and notes on naturalised and commonly cultivated exotic species
FIGURE 4. Stachyphrynium parvum. A. Habit. B. Detail of leaf blade bases showing pulvini. C. Base of plant with an inflorescence. D. Detail of inflorescence and flower. E. Detail of flower (front view). F. Detail of flower (side view). Based on SNG-189. (Photos: Jana Leong-Škorničková)
FIGURE 2. Phrynium hirtum. A–B in Notes on Singaporean native Zingiberales II: revision of Marantaceae, with a new generic record and notes on naturalised and commonly cultivated exotic species
FIGURE 2. Phrynium hirtum. A–B. Habit, detail of lower side of the lamina in inset. C. Detail of inflorescence (side view). D. Detail of flowers (front view). E. Detail of fruit and seeds (scale in mm). F. Detail of infructescence. Based on SNG-348. (Photos: Jana LeongŠkorničková)
FIGURE 1. Donax canniformis. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C in Notes on Singaporean native Zingiberales II: revision of Marantaceae, with a new generic record and notes on naturalised and commonly cultivated exotic species
FIGURE 1. Donax canniformis. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Detail of flowers (side view). D. Detail of flowers (front view). E. Infructescence with detail of seeds (in inset, scale in mm). F. Detail of flowers in dorsal view, also showing the bracteoles. Based on SNG- 333. (Photos: Jana Leong-Škorničková)
FIGURE 4 in Spontaneous hybridization among Allium tulipifolium and A. robustum (Allium subg. Melanocrommyum, Amaryllidaceae) under cultivation
FIGURE 4. Unrooted phylogenetic trees based: a) on ITS, and b) on a combined plastid DNA data set. Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) are given above branches, bootstrap support (BS) values over 50% from maximum parsimony analysis below branches.
FIGURE 2 in Spontaneous hybridization among Allium tulipifolium and A. robustum (Allium subg. Melanocrommyum, Amaryllidaceae) under cultivation
FIGURE 2. Metaphase chromosomes of A) Allium tulipifolium, 2n = 16; B) A. robustum, 2n = 16; C) A. tulipifolium× A. robustum hybrid.
FIGURE 1 in Spontaneous hybridization among Allium tulipifolium and A. robustum (Allium subg. Melanocrommyum, Amaryllidaceae) under cultivation
FIGURE 1. Inflorescences of a—A. tulipifolium, b—the hybrid A. tulipifolium × A. robustum; c—A. robustum. (Photos S. Smirnov, 2014, shot in Living Collection of South Siberian Botanical Garden, Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia).
FIGURE 11. Syagrus cardenasii. A. Cultivated specimen with Luiz Moreno near Santa Cruz, Bolivia. B. Clustering habit. C in A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae)
FIGURE 11. Syagrus cardenasii. A. Cultivated specimen with Luiz Moreno near Santa Cruz, Bolivia. B. Clustering habit. C. Close of leaf sheath fibers. D. Canopy of a multistemmed specimen. E. Infructescence. F. Inflorescence with open staminate flowers. G. Inflorescence with receptive pistillate flowers. H. Infructescence with hand for scale.
FIGURE 2 in Studies on Oberonia 2 (Orchidaceae: Malaxideae): Oberonia aureolabris, a new species discovered in cultivation
FIGURE 2. Oberonia aureolabris, SEM images of flowers from the holotype. A–C. Frontal. D–E. Oblique. F. Medial without floral bract. G–H. Medial with floral bracts (scale bar = 1 mm). Arrows point to an irregular serration between main lateral lobe and base of lip.
FIGURE 1. Oberonia aureolabris. A in Studies on Oberonia 2 (Orchidaceae: Malaxideae): Oberonia aureolabris, a new species discovered in cultivation
FIGURE 1. Oberonia aureolabris. A. Habit (scale bar = 10 cm). B. Portion of inflorescence (scale bar = 10 mm). C. Enlarged portion of B (scale bar = 1 mm). D. Lateral view of flower showing inflated sac (scale bar = 1 mm). E. Frontal view of flower showing lateral lobes and fine serrations towards base (scale bar = 1 mm). B–C: z-stacked on stereomicroscope. D–E: z-stacked on compound microscope. (Photographs of the material that became the type.)
FIGURE 4 in Studies on Oberonia 2 (Orchidaceae: Malaxideae): Oberonia aureolabris, a new species discovered in cultivation
FIGURE 4. Oberonia species similar to O. aureolabris. A. SEM of flower of Oberonia lotsyana (K 52868, Comber 1724). B–F. Oberonia rufilabris. B. HNT 13047, ex cult. C. L17649. unknown/s.n. Slope of Gurung Penrissen, Borneo, Indonesia. D. L18987. Hortus Singapore 2790. E. L19257. Hortus Singapore/s.n. Ubi. F. Private collection. Z-stack of 67 images on compound microscope. Note orange pollinaria (scale bar = 1 mm).
FIGURE 3 in Studies on Oberonia 2 (Orchidaceae: Malaxideae): Oberonia aureolabris, a new species discovered in cultivation
FIGURE 3. Oberonia aureolabris, SEM details of flowers from the holotype. A–C. Inflated disc frontal (arrows highlight constriction in the panduriform disc. *: sac). D. Oblique view of inflated disc. E. Cell on middle of lip with glabrous pneumate surface sculpture (scale bars = 100 μm).
FIGURE 2. Peliosanthes ligniradicis under cultivation. A. Flowering plant. B and C in Peliosanthes ligniradicis, a new species (Asparagaceae) from Arunachal Pradesh, NE India
FIGURE 2. Peliosanthes ligniradicis under cultivation. A. Flowering plant. B and C. Venation of leaf blade: adaxial (B) and abaxial (C). D. Detail of inflorescence. E. Fertile bract. F–K. Flowers: F. Front view. G. Side view slightly from below. H. Side view slightly from above. I. Longitudinal section. J. Corona with six anthers and upper part of pistil; perianth segments removed. K. Cross section of ovary.
Fig. 3 in Ex-situ cultivation at lower altitude and evaluation of Swertia chirayita, a critically endangered medicinal plant of Sikkim Himalayan region, India
Fig. 3. An image of HPTLC plate at UV 254 nm showing swertiamarin content, track 1: standard swertiamarin, track 2: swertiamarin content in stem (niche environment), track 3: swertiamarin content in leaves (niche environment), track 4: swertiamarin content in leaves (ex-situ cultivated plant) (a); HPTLC densitogram of swertiamarin standard (b), stem (niche environment) (c), leaves (niche environment) (d) and leaves (ex-situ cultivated plant) (e), [x-axis represent retention factor (Rf) & y-axis represent absorption unit (AU)].
Fig. 1 in Ex-situ cultivation at lower altitude and evaluation of Swertia chirayita, a critically endangered medicinal plant of Sikkim Himalayan region, India
Fig. 1. Fully mature crop cultivated in niche environment (a), fully mature dried harvested plants from niche environment (b), one-year-old ex-situ cultivated plants at lower altitude (c), freshly harvested leaves from one-year-old ex-situ cultivated plants (d) and leaf: sessile leaves of fully mature plant cultivated in niche environment (left) and petiolated leaves of oneyear-old ex-situ cultivated plants (right) (e).
Data from: Seed size evolution and biogeography of Plukenetia (Euphorbiaceae), a pantropical genus with traditionally cultivated oilseed species
Background: Plukenetia is a small pantropical genus of lianas and vines with variably sized edible oil-rich seeds that presents an ideal system to investigate neotropical and pantropical diversification patterns and seed size evolution. We assessed the biogeography and seed evolution of Plukenetia through phylogenetic analyses of a 5,069 character molecular dataset comprising five nuclear and two plastid markers for 86 terminals in subtribe Plukenetiinae (representing 20 of ~23 Plukenetia species). Two nuclear genes, KEA1 and TEB, were used for phylogenetic reconstruction for the first time. Our goals were: (1) produce a robust, time-dependent evolutionary framework for Plukenetia using BEAST; (2) reconstruct its biogeographical history with ancestral range estimation in BioGeoBEARS; (3) define seed size categories; (4) identify patterns of seed size evolution using ancestral state estimation; and (5) conduct regression analyses with putative drivers of seed size using the threshold model. Results: Plukenetia was resolved into two major groups, which we refer to as the pinnately- and palmately-veined clades. Our analyses suggest Plukenetia originated in the Amazon or Atlantic Forest of Brazil during the Oligocene (28.7 Mya) and migrated/dispersed between those regions and Central America/Mexico throughout the Miocene. Trans-oceanic dispersals explain the pantropical distribution of Plukenetia, including from the Amazon to Africa in the Early Miocene (17.4 Mya), followed by Africa to Madagascar and Africa to Southeast Asia in the Late Miocene (9.4 Mya) and Pliocene (4.5 Mya), respectively. We infer a single origin of large seeds in the ancestor of Plukenetia. Seed size fits a Brownian motion model of trait evolution and is moderately to strongly associated with plant size, fruit type/dispersal syndrome, and seedling ecology. Biome shifts were not drivers of seed size, although there was a weak association with a transition to fire prone semi-arid savannas. Conclusions: The major relationships among the species of Plukenetia are now well-resolved. Our biogeographical analyses support growing evidence that many pantropical distributions developed by periodic trans-oceanic dispersals throughout the Miocene and Pliocene. Selection on a combination of traits contributed to seed size variation, while movement between forest edge/light gap and canopy niches likely contributed to the seed size extremes in Plukenetia.
Data from: Population genomics of the introduced and cultivated Pacific kelp Undaria pinnatifida: marinas — not farms — drive regional connectivity and establishment in natural rocky reefs
Ports and farms are well-known primary introduction hotspots for marine non-indigenous species (NIS). The extent to which these anthropogenic habitats are sustainable sources of propagules and influence the evolution of NIS in natural habitats was examined in the edible seaweed Undaria pinnatifida, native to Asia and introduced to Europe in the 1970s. Following its deliberate introduction 40 years ago along the French coast of the English Channel, this kelp is found in three contrasting habitat types: farms, marinas, and natural rocky reefs. In light of the continuous spread of this NIS, it is imperative to better understand the processes behind its sustainable establishment in the wild. In addition, developing effective management plans to curtail the spread of U. pinnatifida requires determining how the three types of populations interact with one another. In addition to an analysis using microsatellites, we developed, for the first time in a kelp, a ddRAD-sequencing technique to genotype 738 individuals sampled in 11 rocky reefs, 12 marinas, and 2 farms located along ca. 1000 km of coastline. As expected, the RAD-seq panel showed more power than the microsatellite panel for identifying fine-grained patterns. However, both panels demonstrated habitat-specific properties of the study populations. In particular, farms displayed very low genetic diversity and no inbreeding conversely to populations in marinas and natural rocky reefs. In addition, strong, but chaotic regional genetic structure, was revealed, consistent with human-mediated dispersal (e.g., leisure boating). We also uncovered a tight relationship between populations in rocky reefs and those in nearby marinas, but not with nearby farms, suggesting spill-over from marinas into the wild. Finally, a temporal survey (20 generations) showed that wild populations are self-sustaining, without local adaptation to any of the three habitats. These findings highlight that limiting the spread of U. pinnatifida requires management policies that also target marinas.
FIGURE 1 in Molecular identification of the exotic lineage of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae) cultivated in the tropical region of Brazil
FIGURE 1. Map showing Paraíba State, northeastern Brazilian coast and Kappaphycus alvarezii collection site (arrow).
FIGURE 2 in Molecular identification of the exotic lineage of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae) cultivated in the tropical region of Brazil
FIGURE 2. Maximum likelihood analyses of the cox2-3 spacer sequences based on GTR+I+G model for Kappaphycus alvarezii samples from northeastern Brazilian coast and sequences from Genbank accessions. The scale bar indicates substitutions per site.
FIGURE 3. Auricularia heimuer. A–D cultivated basidiomata. E in Species clarification of the most important and cultivated Auricularia mushroom "Heimuer": evidence from morphological and molecular data
FIGURE 3. Auricularia heimuer. A–D cultivated basidiomata. E wild basidiomata (holotype). Scale bars: B = 10 cm, D–E = 5 cm.
ScienceDex guides
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.