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1,692 results for “Caenogastropoda”
Figure 21 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda
Figure 21. Style sac morphology; major typhlosole and ciliary tract (indicated by arrows). (A) Theodoxus fluviatilis. Scale bars (left to right) = 100 Mm, 10 Mm. (B) Neocyclotus dysoni ambiguum. Scale bars = 1 mm, 100 Mm. (C) Strombus mutabilis. Scale bars = 100 Mm, 10 Mm. (D) Crepidula plana. Scale bars = 100 Mm, 100 Mm. (E) Bithynia tentaculata. Scale bars = 1 mm, 100 Mm. (F) Cypraea robertsi. Scale bars = 1 mm, 100 Mm. (G) Conus jaspideus. Scale bars = 100 Mm, 10 Mm. (H) Ilyanassa obsoletus. Scale bars = 100 Mm, 10 Mm. Abbreviations: t1, major typhlosole; t2, minor typhlosole.
Figure 6 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda
Figure 6. Morphology of cephalic haemocoel among basal caenogastropods. (A) Neocyclotus dysoni ambiguum. For simplicity, large salivary glands removed. Scale bar = 1 mm. (B) Lampanella minima. Scale bar = 1 mm. (C) Cypraea robertsi. For simplicity, large salivary glands removed. Scale bar = 1 mm. (D) Bithynia tentaculata. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (E) Crepidula plana. Scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: bp, buccal pouch; d, dialyneury; e, oesophagus; eg, oesophageal gland; nr, circum-oesophageal nerve ring; os, osphradium; osg, osphradial ganglion; ps, proboscis sheath; sb, sub-oesophageal ganglion; sgd, salivary gland duct; sgl, salivary glands; sp., supra-oesophageal ganglion; tn, tentacular nerve; vg, visceral ganglion; z, zygoneury.
Figure 12 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda
Figure 12. Midgut morphology of taxa examined only from preserved material. (A) Theodoxus fluviatilis, left lateral view. Second digestive gland duct to right of oesophageal aperture obscured by gastric shield. (B) Strombus mutabilis, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: c, caecum; ce caecal extension; cf, ciliated fold; dgd, digestive gland duct; ds, deep sac; e, oesophagus; gp, glandular pad; gs, gastric shield; if, intestinal flap; ig, intestinal groove; int, intestine; sa, sorting area; ss, style sac; t1, major typhlosole; t2, minor typhlosole.
Figure 20 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda
Figure 20. Histology of midgut; position of gastric shield. (A) Macleaniella moskalevi, transverse section. (B) Theodoxus fluviatilis, saggital section. (C) Neocyclotus dysoni ambiguum, transverse section. (D) Marisa cornuarietis, saggital section. (E) Crepidula plana, transverse section. (F) Strombus mutabilis, saggital section. (G) Bithynia tentaculata, saggital section. (H) Ilyanassa obsoletus, saggital section. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: dgd, digestive gland duct; e, oesophagus; gs, gastric shield; int, intestine.
Figure 4 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda
Figure 4. Morphology of odontophore; subradular organ (indicated by arrows). Except when noted, view is from the side and ventral is to the right. (A) Theodoxus fluviatilis, ventral view. Subradular organ absent. Scale bar = 100 Mm. (B) Neocyclotus dysoni ambiguum. Scale bar = 1 mm. (C) Marisa cornuarietis. Scale bar = 1 mm. (D) Lampanella minima. Scale bar = 100 Mm. (E) Littorina littorea. Scale bar = 100 Mm. (F) Neverita duplicata. Scale bar = 100 Mm. (G) Cypraea robertsi. Subradular organ absent. Scale bar = 1 mm. (H) Panarona clavatula. Ventral is down. Scale bar = 100 Mm.
Figure 7 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda
Figure 7. Morphology of cephalic haemocoel among derived caenogastropods. (A) Panarona clavatula. Siphon obscured by left cephalic tentacle and is not visible in this view. Note large, modified left cephalic tentacle and large proboscis retractor connecting to columellar muscle. (B) Ilyanassa obsoletus. Note second visceral ganglion lying below pericardium and large radular retractors connecting to base of proboscis sheath; ampulla of gland of Leiblein visible within afferent renal vessel. Duct of gland of Leiblein stippled. (C) Nitidiscala tinctum. Note compartmentalized tissue supporting jaw and buccal ganglia lying between salivary glands where the latter enter buccal cavity. (D) Prunum apicinum. Note duct of poison gland opening mid-ventrally to base of buccal cavity, just behind opening of accessory salivary gland. (E) Conus jaspideus. Siphon not visible in this view. Note long coiled duct of poison gland; buccal ganglion visible where short arm of radular sac enters buccal cavity. Base of proboscis sheath is shown, but rhynchocoel has not been opened. Scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: asg, accessory salivary gland; dasg, duct of accessory salivary gland; e, oesophagus; ec, oesophageal caecum; gl, gland of Leiblein; j, jaw; kd, kidney; nr, circum-oesophageal nerve ring; os, osphradium; per, pericardium; ps, proboscis sheath; rs, long arm of radular sac; sb, sub-oesophageal ganglion; sgd, salivary gland duct; sgl, salivary glands; si, siphon; sig, siphonal ganglion; sp, supra-oesophageal ganglion; tn, tentacular nerve; vg, visceral ganglion; vl, valve of Leiblein; z, zygoneury.
Figure 2 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda
Figure 2. Female reproductive morphology. (A) Lampanella minima. Note connective tissue between renal oviduct and pericardium. (B) Crepidula plana. (C) Petaloconchus varians. (D) Strombus mutabilis. Note egg groove from capsule gland down side of foot. Dotted line indicates double-groove portion of albumen gland. (E) Cypraea robertsi. Note duct of receptacle at posterior end of albumen gland. (F) Panarona clavatula. (G) Prunum apicinum. Note that base of mantle cavity lies between the capsule and albumen glands. (H) Urosalpinx cinerea. Ventro-lateral lobe of capsule gland is shown by transparency. Note blind diverticulum off renal oviduct and small aperture connecting vestibule and bursa copulatrix. Base of mantle cavity indicated by arrow. (I) Ilyanassa obsoletus. Note shallow pocket in distal end of capsule gland, perhaps functioning as bursa. Scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: ag, albumen gland; bc, bursa copulatrix; cg, capsule gland; fo, female opening; gpc, gonopericardial canal; igl, ingesting gland; mc, base of mantle cavity; per, pericardium; rcs, seminal receptacle; spb, spermatophore bursa; u, uterine ball; v, vagina.
Figure 33 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda
Figure 33. Evolution of the midgut, excluding features of the style sac. Black hashmarks indicate forward changes, grey hashmarks indicate forward homoplasies (DELTRAN). Branches indicate feeding mode and diet of each species. Representative midgut morphologies are shown.
Figure 11 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda
Figure 11. Histology of mid-oesophagus; oesophageal gland. (A) Macleaniella moskalevi. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (B) Neocyclotus dysoni ambiguum. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (C) Lampanella minima. Scale bar = 1 mm. (D) Crepidula plana. Scale bar = 1 mm. (E) Littorina littorea. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (F) Neverita duplicata. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (G) Cypraea robertsi. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (H) Nitidiscala tinctum. Note transition to muscular posterior oesophagus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: asg, accessory salivary gland; ca, radular cartilage; df, dorsal fold; eg, oesophageal gland; int, intestine; me, midoesophagus; r, radula; sgl, salivary gland; sp, supra-oesophageal ganglion.
Figure 29 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda
Figure 29. Evolution of the reno-pericardial system. Black hashmarks indicate forward changes, grey hashmarks indicate forward homoplasies (DELTRAN).
Figure 1 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda
Figure 1. Midgut morphology of 'typical prosobranch'; adapted from Smith (1967). Abbreviations: dgd, digestive gland duct; e, oesophagus; gc, gastric chamber; gs, gastric shield; ig, intestinal groove; sa, sorting area; ss, style sac; t1, major typhlosole; t2, minor typhlosole.
Figure 9 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda
Figure 9. Histology of anterior oesophagus; ventro-lateral folds. (A) Macleaniella moskalevi. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (B) Theodoxus fluviatilis. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (C) Neocyclotus dysoni ambiguum. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (D) Lampanella minima. Scale bar = 1 mm. (E) Strombus mutabilis. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (F) Crepidula plana. Scale bar = 1 mm. (G) Bithynia tentaculata. Scale bar = 1 mm. (H) Littorina littorea. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: bp, buccal pouch; bg, buccal ganglion; ca, radular cartilage; ceg, cerebral ganglion; df, dorsal fold; e, oesophagus; r, radula; sgl, salivary gland; vf, ventral fold; vlf, ventro-lateral fold.
Figure 10 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda
Figure 10. Histology of anterior oesophagus; ventral folding absent. (A) Neverita duplicata. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (B) Nitidiscala tinctum. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (C) Panarona clavatula. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (D) Prunum apicinum. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (E) Conus jaspideus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (F) Ilyanassa obsoletus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (G) Urosalpinx cinerea. Scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: asg, accessory salivary gland; ca, radular cartilage; ceg, cerebral ganglion; df, dorsal fold; dl, duct of gland of Leiblein; e, oesophagus; int, intestine; j, jaw; ps, proboscis sheath; r, radula; sgd, salivary gland duct; sgl, salivary gland; vc, ventral channel.
Figure 18 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda
Figure 18. Midgut morphology. White arrows indicate direction of ciliary currents. (A) Prunum apicinum, dorsal view. (B) Conus jaspideus, dorsal view. Scale bar = 100 Mm. Abbreviations: dgd, digestive gland duct; e, oesophagus; gp, glandular pad; t1, major typhlosole.
Figure 32 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda
Figure 32. Evolution of the style sac. Black hashmarks indicate forward changes, grey hashmarks indicate forward homoplasies (DELTRAN). Inset shows optimization of 'style sac present/absent.' Hashmark indicates 'loss of style sac' in Macleaniella moskalevi.
Figure 23 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda
Figure 23. Kidney morphology; derived caenogastropods with two differentiated lobes of lamellae. (A) Neverita duplicata, dorsal view. Kidney opened between lobes of differentiated lamellae. (B) Cypraea robertsi, dorsal view. Intestine removed to reveal internal details. (C) Panarona clavatula, dorsal view, posterior chamber on left, anterior chamber on right. Kidney roof opened between lobes of primary and secondary lamellae. Note meronephridial condition (no interdigitation of lamellae) and that dorsal branch of afferent renal vessel supplies both primary and secondary tubules. (D) Prunum apicinum, dorsal view. Note small region of secondary tubules within kidney roof supplied by dorsal branch of afferent renal vessel. (E) Ilyanassa obsoletus, dorsal view. Note pycnonephridial condition (interdigitation of lamellae). Scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: al, anterior kidney lobe; arv, afferent renal vessel; au, auricle; darv, dorsal branch of afferent renal vessel; int, intestine; ng, nephridial gland; np, nephropore; per, pericardium; pl, posterior kidney lobe; rpc, reno-pericardial canal; ve, ventricle.
Figure 14 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda
Figure 14. Midgut morphology. White arrows indicate direction of ciliary currents. (A) Petaloconchus varians, dorsal view. (B) Crepidula plana, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: c, caecum; cf, ciliated fold; ctr, ciliary tract; dgd, digestive gland duct; e, oesophagus; gp, glandular pad; gs, gastric shield; if, intestinal flap; sa, sorting area; ss, style sac; t1, major typhlosole; t2, minor typhlosole.
Figure 5 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda
Figure 5. Histology of subradular organ. (A) Neocyclotus dysoni ambiguum. Transverse section. Note bi-layered jaw. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (B) Marisa cornuarietis. Sagittal section. Note bi-layered jaw. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (C) Lampanella minima. Transverse section. Note jaw with exposed rods. Scale bar = 1 mm. (D) Strombus mutabilis. Transverse section. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (E) Crepidula plana. Transverse section. Scale bar = 1 mm. (F) Littorina littorea. Sagittal section. Scale bar = 1 mm. (G) Neverita duplicata. Transverse section. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (H) Panarona clavatula. Transverse section. Scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: c., radular cartilage; j, jaw; mo, mouth; r, radula; srm, subradular membrane; sro, subradular organ.
Figure 17 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda
Figure 17. Midgut morphology. White arrows indicate direction of ciliary currents. (A) Nitidiscala tinctum, dorsal view. (B) Panarona clavatula, dorsal view. Note paired folds on midgut floor between oesophageal aperture and large digestive gland duct. Scale bar = 100 Mm. Abbreviations: dgd, digestive gland duct; e, oesophagus; gp, glandular pad; ig, intestinal groove; int, intestine; t1, major typhlosole; t2, minor typhlosole.
Figure 22 in Refining molluscan characters: morphology, character coding and a phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda
Figure 22. Kidney morphology; basal caenogastropods with undifferentiated lamellae. (A) Neocyclotus dysoni ambiguum, lateral view. Dotted line indicates removed lateral lobe overhanging pericardium. Scale bar = 1 mm. (B) Bithynia tentaculata, dorsal view. Scale bar =.5 mm. (C) Petaloconchus varians, ventral view. Horizontal line indicates base of mantle cavity. Excretory tubules within pallial portion revealed by ventral incision. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (D) Strombus mutabilis. Dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: arv, afferent renal vessel; au, auricle; ng, nephridial gland; np, nephropore; per, pericardium; rpc, reno-pericardial canal; ve, ventricle.
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