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846 results for “Homologization”
Data from: Reassessment of Homology of Morphological Characters in Tetractinellid Sponges Based on Molecular Data
We compared four approaches for analyzing three data sets derived from staphylinoid beetles, a superfamily whose known species diversity is roughly comparable to that of vertebrates. One data set is derived from adult morphology and the two molecular data sets are from 12S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b mitochondrial DNA. We found that taxonomic congruence following conditional data combination, herein called compatible evidence (CE), resolved more nodes compatible with an initial conservative hypothesis than did total evidence (TE), conditional data combination (CDC), or taxonomic congruence (TC). CE sets a base of nodes obtained by CDC analysis and then investigates what further agreement may arise in a universe where these nodes are accepted as given. We suggest that CE75-75 may be appropriate for future studies that aim to both generate a well-corroborated tree and investigate conflicts between data sets, partitions, and characters. CE75-75 is a 75% bootstrap consensus CDC tree followed by combinable-component consensus of a 75% bootstrap consensus of each homogeneous set of partitions having hierarchical structure.
Data from: Homologous sex chromosomes in three deeply divergent anuran species
Comparative genomic studies are revealing that, in sharp contrast with the strong stability found in birds and mammals, sex determination mechanisms are surprisingly labile in cold-blooded vertebrates, with frequent transitions between different pairs of sex chromosomes. It was recently suggested that, in context of this high turnover, some chromosome pairs might be more likely than others to be co-opted as sex chromosomes. Empirical support, however, is still very limited. Here we show that sex-linked markers from three highly divergent groups of anurans map to Xenopus tropicalis scaffold 1, a large part of which is homologous to the avian sex chromosome. Accordingly, the bird sex determination gene DMRT1, known to play a key role in sex differentiation across many animal lineages, is sex-linked in all three groups. Our data provide strong support for the idea that some chromosome pairs are more likely than others to be co-opted as sex chromosomes, because they harbor key genes from the sex determination pathway.
Dataset for "Alveoli, teeth, and tooth loss: Understanding the homology of internal mandibular structures in mysticete cetaceans"
<p>ZIP folders containing STL files of USNM specimens for Peredo et al.</p>
Homology Model for the IRAK-M death domain
<p>Dataset for the contruction and validation of a homology model for the IRAK-M death domain.</p>
Homology-based classification of accessory proteins in coronavirus genomes uncovers extremely dynamic evolution of gene content
<p>Fasta files of ORF sequences for all orthogroups generated in the study.</p>
Embryonic muscle splitting patterns reveal homologies of amniote forelimb muscles
<p class="MsoCommentText">Limb muscles are remarkably complex and evolutionarily labile; although their anatomy is of great interest for studies of the evolution of form and function, their homologies among major amniote clades have remained obscure. Studies of adult musculature are inconclusive owing to the highly derived morphology of modern amniote limbs, but correspondences become increasingly evident earlier in ontogeny. Amniote forelimb muscles derive from early embryonic muscle masses of somitic origin, which grow and cleave into recognizable divisions that split into the individualized muscles. We followed the embryonic development of forelimb musculature in representatives of six major amniote clades and found, contrary to current consensus, that these early splitting patterns are highly conserved across Amniota. Muscle mass cleavage patterns and topology are highly conserved in reptiles including birds, irrespective of their skeletal modifications: the avian flight apparatus results from slight early topological modifications that are exaggerated during ontogeny. Therian mammals, while conservative in their cleavage patterns, depart drastically from the ancestral amniote musculoskeletal organization in terms of topology. These topological changes occur through extension, translocation, and displacement of muscle groups later in development. Overall, the simplicity underlying the apparent complexity of forelimb muscle development allows us to resolve conflicting hypotheses about homology and to trace the history of each individual forelimb muscle throughout the amniote radiations. </p>
Figure 1-6 from: Metz MA, Miller DR, Dickey AM, Bauchan GR, Ochoa R, Skvarla MJ, Miller GL (2017) Rediscovering digitules in Aphidomorpha and the question of homology among Sternorrhyncha (Insecta, Hemiptera). ZooKeys 683: 39-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.10100
Figure 1-6 1 Reproduction of Shimer's (1867a) original illustration indicating what he considered digitules 2Phylloxera in situ showing leg and feet position 3 Hind leg of Phylloxera showing all digitules 4 Close up of dorsal digitule from Figure 3. Note how the ventral surface appears membranous and collapsed 5 Hind leg of Phylloxera showing dorsal digitules with expanded ventral surfaces 6 Front left leg of Phylloxera showing anterior seta is not a digitule. Scale bar 10 μm. Scale bars: (2, 6)100 μm; (3) 10 μm; (4) 2 μm; (5) 20 μm.
Database of Study SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Level after Homologous and Heterologous Booster Vaccines an 18-month Longitudinal Observational Cohort Study in Indonesia (Ardyanto et el., 2024)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
FIGURE 12 in Description of Tottonophyes enigmatica gen. nov., sp. nov. (Hydrozoa, Siphonophora, Calycophorae), with a reappraisal of the function and homology of nectophoral canals
FIGURE 12. Eudoxid stage that possibly belongs to Tottonophyes enigmatica sp. nov. Scale bar 2 mm.
Figure 4 from: Seraphim G, Giupponi APL, Miranda GS (2019) Taxonomy of the thelyphonid genus Typopeltis Pocock, 1894, including homology proposals for the male gonopod structures (Arachnida, Thelyphonida, Typopeltinae). ZooKeys 848: 21-39. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.848.32263
Figure 4 Typopeltisguangxiensis (male). A Carapace B sternum C pedipalps (dorsal) D pedipalps (ventral) E opisthosoma (dorsal) F opisthosoma (ventral) G ommatoids.
Figure 8 from: Seraphim G, Giupponi APL, Miranda GS (2019) Taxonomy of the thelyphonid genus Typopeltis Pocock, 1894, including homology proposals for the male gonopod structures (Arachnida, Thelyphonida, Typopeltinae). ZooKeys 848: 21-39. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.848.32263
Figure 8 Comparison between gonopods of T.laurentianus sp. n. (A, B) and Heterophrynus sp. Pocock, 1894 (C, D). A Male gonopod of T.laurentianus in posterior-dorsal view BSEM of male gonopod of T.laurentianus in posterior-dorsal view CSEM of male gonopod of Heterophrynus sp. in ventral view DSEM of male gonopod of Heterophrynus sp. in dorsal view. Fi = fistula; GO = genital operculum; LaM = lamina medialis; LoD = lobus dorsalis; LoL1 = lobus lateralis primus; LoL2 = lobus lateralis secundus; PI = processus internus; Me = Mensa; Fu = Fulcrum.
Figure 1 from: Seraphim G, Giupponi APL, Miranda GS (2019) Taxonomy of the thelyphonid genus Typopeltis Pocock, 1894, including homology proposals for the male gonopod structures (Arachnida, Thelyphonida, Typopeltinae). ZooKeys 848: 21-39. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.848.32263
Figure 1 Typopeltislaurentianus sp. n., holotype (male). A Carapace B sternum C pedipalps (dorsal) D pedipalps (ventral) E opisthosoma (dorsal) F opisthosoma (ventral) G ommatoid H gonopod.
Figure 3 from: Seraphim G, Giupponi APL, Miranda GS (2019) Taxonomy of the thelyphonid genus Typopeltis Pocock, 1894, including homology proposals for the male gonopod structures (Arachnida, Thelyphonida, Typopeltinae). ZooKeys 848: 21-39. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.848.32263
Figure 3 SEM images of Typopeltislaurentianus sp. n., paratype (male). A Chelicerae (right) B gonopod. Details in dashed rectangles are shown in images C (lower rectangle) and D (upper rectangle). C Fulcrum (Fu) detail D Mensa (Me) detail.
Figure 2 from: Seraphim G, Giupponi APL, Miranda GS (2019) Taxonomy of the thelyphonid genus Typopeltis Pocock, 1894, including homology proposals for the male gonopod structures (Arachnida, Thelyphonida, Typopeltinae). ZooKeys 848: 21-39. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.848.32263
Figure 2 Typopeltislaurentianus sp. n., paratype (female). A Carapace B sternum C pedipalps (dorsal) D pedipalps (ventral) E opisthosoma (dorsal) F opisthosoma (ventral) G ommatoid H gonopod. CCh = circulus chitinosus; ACh = arcus chitinosus.
Figure 7 from: Seraphim G, Giupponi APL, Miranda GS (2019) Taxonomy of the thelyphonid genus Typopeltis Pocock, 1894, including homology proposals for the male gonopod structures (Arachnida, Thelyphonida, Typopeltinae). ZooKeys 848: 21-39. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.848.32263
Figure 7 Distribution map of Typopeltislaurentianus sp. n. (black squares) and T.guangxiensis (black circles).
Figure 6 from: Seraphim G, Giupponi APL, Miranda GS (2019) Taxonomy of the thelyphonid genus Typopeltis Pocock, 1894, including homology proposals for the male gonopod structures (Arachnida, Thelyphonida, Typopeltinae). ZooKeys 848: 21-39. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.848.32263
Figure 6 Typopeltisguangxiensis (female). A Carapace B sternum C pedipalps (dorsal) D pedipalps (ventral) E opisthosoma (dorsal) F opisthosoma (ventral) G ommatoids H gonopod. CCh = circulus chitinosus; ACh = arcus chitinosus.
Figure 5 from: Seraphim G, Giupponi APL, Miranda GS (2019) Taxonomy of the thelyphonid genus Typopeltis Pocock, 1894, including homology proposals for the male gonopod structures (Arachnida, Thelyphonida, Typopeltinae). ZooKeys 848: 21-39. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.848.32263
Figure 5 SEM images of Typopeltisguangxiensis (male). A Chelicerae (right) B gonopod. Details in dashed rectangles are shown in images C (lower rectangle) and D (upper rectangle). C Fulcrum (Fu) detail D Mensa (Me) detail.
FIG. 21. Melanoblossiinae Roewer, 1933 in Cheliceral Morphology in Solifugae (Arachnida): Primary Homology, Terminology, and Character Survey
FIG. 21. Melanoblossiinae Roewer, 1933, Melanoblossia braunsi Purcell, 1903, 3 (AMNH [LP 10737]), chelicerae, retrolateral (A) and prolateral (B) views, indicating hypothesized dentition (A) and position of type C sfc. Arrow indicates sfc principal seta. Abbreviations: FD, fixed finger, distal tooth; FM, fixed finger, medial tooth; FP, fixed finger, proximal tooth; FSD, fixed finger, subdistal tooth; FSM, fixed finger, submedial tooth; FST, fixed finger, subterminal tooth; MM, movable finger, medial tooth; MP, movable finger, proximal tooth; MSM, movable finger, submedial tooth; PFM, profondal medial tooth; PFP, profondal proximal tooth; RFM, retrofondal medial tooth; RFP, retrofondal proximal tooth; RFSP, retrofondal subproximal tooth; sfc, setiform flagellar complex.
FIG. 20. Karschiidae Kraepelin, 1899 in Cheliceral Morphology in Solifugae (Arachnida): Primary Homology, Terminology, and Character Survey
FIG. 20. Karschiidae Kraepelin, 1899, Eusimonia divina Birula, 1935, ♀♀ (AMNH [LP 4098]), chelicerae, retrolateral views, indicating intrapopulation variation. Arrows indicate variable teeth (labile denticles). Abbreviations: FD, fixed finger, distal tooth; FM, fixed finger, medial tooth; FP, fixed finger, proximal tooth; MM, movable finger, medial tooth; MP, movable finger, proximal tooth.
FIG. 11. Ceromidae Roewer, 1933 in Cheliceral Morphology in Solifugae (Arachnida): Primary Homology, Terminology, and Character Survey
FIG. 11. Ceromidae Roewer, 1933 (A, B) and Eremobatidae Kraepelin, 1899 (C, D), chelicera and propeltidium, prolateral (A, C) and prodorsal (B, D) views, illustrating prodorsal setae. A, B. Ceroma inerme Purcell, 1899, 3 (AMNH [LP 9864]). C, D. Eremobates inkopaensis Brookhart and Cushing, 2005, paratype ♀ (DMNS ZA.17310). Abbreviations: fcp, flagellar complex plumose setae; pdp, prodorsal proximal setae (enhanced); pmpc, promedial proximal setal cluster.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.