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FIGURE 3 in Keys to the adult females and fourth-instar larvae of the mosquitoes of Iran (Diptera: Culicidae)

FIGURE 3. Characters of the mosquito thorax used in the keys. A, Lateral aspect (left side) of an aedine male. B, Dorsal aspect of the same. (Modified from Harbach & Knight, 1980).

FIGURE 1 in Keys to the adult females and fourth-instar larvae of the mosquitoes of Iran (Diptera: Culicidae)

FIGURE 1. Characters of adult mosquitoes used in the keys. A, Lateral aspect (left side) of a culicine female (diagrammatic). B, Dorsal aspect of female anopheline cibarium. C, Ventral aspect of the posttarsis of an aedine female. (A,B Modified from Harbach & Knight, 1980; C modified from Edwards, 1941).

FIGURE 2 in Keys to the adult females and fourth-instar larvae of the mosquitoes of Iran (Diptera: Culicidae)

FIGURE 2. Lateral aspect (left side) of the head of an Anopheles female showing characters used in the keys. (Modified from Harbach & Knight, 1980).

FIGURE 5 in Keys to the adult females and fourth-instar larvae of the mosquitoes of Iran (Diptera: Culicidae)

FIGURE 5. Characters of the head of mosquito larvae used in the keys. Dorsal and ventral aspects of a culicine larva. (Modified from Harbach & Knight, 1980).

FIGURE 6 in Keys to the adult females and fourth-instar larvae of the mosquitoes of Iran (Diptera: Culicidae)

FIGURE 6. Characters of mosquito larvae used in the keys. A, Lateral aspect (right side) of an aedine larva. B,C, Lateral aspects (left sides) of the terminal abdominal segments of a Culiseta and an Anopheles larva, respectively. (Modified from Harbach & Knight, 1980).

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FIGURES 1–7. Wormaldia asterusia Malicky 1972, fifth instar larva. 1 in The larva of Wormaldia asterusia Malicky 1972 (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) with notes on its ecology and an update on the Wormaldia of Greece with a larval key for species of the genus

FIGURES 1–7. Wormaldia asterusia Malicky 1972, fifth instar larva. 1, larva, lateral; 2, head and pronotum, dorsal; 3, frontoclypeal apotome, dorsal; 4, head, mentum, and submentum, ventral; 5, mandibles, dorsal; 6, head capsule and pronotum, right lateral; 6A, protrochantin and proximal seta of forecoxa, right lateral; 7, anal prolegs, left lateral.

FIGURE 87 in Discovery of a second species of Aesalini from continental China, with description of the new species and its third instar larva (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURE 87. Diagrammatic female genitalia showing the homologous structures used to unite different types of female genitalia in Aesalinae. Abbreviations: mo, median oviduct; bd, bursal duct; s, spermatheca; sd, spermathecal duct; sg, spermathecal gland; ip(1), intersection part (part 1); bsp(2), basal spermathecal part (part 2); bbp(3), basal bursal part (part 3); tp(4), terminal bursal part (part 4).

FIGURES 62–67 in Discovery of a second species of Aesalini from continental China, with description of the new species and its third instar larva (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 62–67. Third instar larval habitus of Aesalus zhejiangensis before being disarticulated and cleaned. 62—larva straightened in dorsal view; 63—larva straightened in ventral view; 64—larva slightly straightened in lateral view; 65—tenth abdominal segment and anal sclerite in dorsal view to show tergite ten and the three lobes surrounding the anal opening; 66—tenth abdominal segment and anal sclerite in ventral view to show sternite ten (raster absent) and two lateral lobes; 67—head in anterior view. Scale bars 1 mm for 62–66, and none for 67.

FIGURE 61 in Discovery of a second species of Aesalini from continental China, with description of the new species and its third instar larva (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURE 61. Distribution of Aesalini species in China and its surrounding areas. Abbreviations: U, Aesalus ulanowskii; SC, Aesalus scarabaeoides; S, Aesalus saburoi; H, Aesalus himalayicus; ST, Aesalus satoi; SI, Aesalus sichuanensis; E, Echinoaesalus species; Z, Aesalus zhejiangensis; I, Aesalus imanishii; A, Aesalus asiaticus. Arrows point to distributional records outside the range of the map.

FIGURES 1–8 in Discovery of a second species of Aesalini from continental China, with description of the new species and its third instar larva (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 1–8. Aesalus zhejiangensis, habitus and details. 1—dorsal view, male holotype; 2—ventral view, male holotype; 3—lateral view, male holotype; 4—head in dorsal view to show canthus, anterior margin, mandibles, labrum; 5—vestiture of pronotum and elytra around scutellum to show comparative size of punctures; 6—microstructure of elytra under stereoscope to show position and distribution of bristles, tubercles, and tomenta on vestiture; 7—stick-like bristles; 8—microstructure of elytra under 400x microscope to show polygonally sculpturing of pit and pores. Scale bars 1 mm for 1–3, 0.4 mm for 4, 0.5 mm for 5, 0.2 mm for 6, 0.02 mm for 7–8. Abbreviations: m, male; f, female; tu, tubercles; b, bristles; t, tomenta; p, pores; ps, polygonally sculpturing.

FIGURES 33–51 in Discovery of a second species of Aesalini from continental China, with description of the new species and its third instar larva (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 33–51. Last abdominal tergite and ventrite and male genitalia of Aesalus zhejiangensis. 33—last abdominal tergite of male in dorsal view; 34—last abdominal tergite of female in dorsal view; 35—last abdominal ventrite of male in ventral view; 36—last abdominal ventrite of female in ventral view; 37—ninth abdominal segment of male paratype one; 38—ninth abdominal segment of male paratype two; 39—ninth abdominal segment of male paratype three; 40—penis and internal sac of male paratype one in dorsolateral view to show accessory bursa projected backwards; 41—penis and internal sac of male paratype two in dorsolateral view; 42—penis and internal sac of male paratype one in ventral view; 43—penis and internal sac of male paratype one in lateral view; 44—penis of male paratype three in right lateral view; 45—penis of male paratype three in dorsolateral view; 46—penis of male paratype three in dorsal view; 47—penis of male paratype three in left lateral view; 48—penis of male paratype three in ventrolateral view; 49—penis of male paratype three in ventral view; 50—penis of male paratype one in left lateral view; 51—penis of male paratype two in left lateral view. Scale bars 0.4 mm for all. Abbreviation: TP, tip of paramere.

FIGURES 77–86 in Discovery of a second species of Aesalini from continental China, with description of the new species and its third instar larva (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 77–86. Third instar larval morphology of Aesalus zhejiangensis. 77—epipharynx, clypeus, and anterior portion of head; 78—prothorax and fore leg in right lateral view; 79—maxilla in mesal view to show the bidentate apex of lacinia; 80—mouthpart in dorsal view; 81—left mandible in dorsal view; 82—left mandible in mesal view; 83—left mandible in ventral view; 84—right mandible in dorsal view; 85—right mandible in mesal view; 86—right mandible in ventral view. Scale bars 0.2 mm for 81–86. Abbreviations: ss, sensory spot; st, seta; ex, epipharynx; c, clypeus; fc, frontoclypeal suture; fs, frontal sutures; pc, precoxale; es, episternum; ba, bidentate apex of lacinia; mp, maxillary palpus; p, palpifer; s, stipes; g, galea; l, lacinia; hy, hypopharynx; ha, hypopharyngeal armature; at, apical tooth; m, mola; it, inner tubercle; vp, ventral mandibular process.

FIGURES 68–76 in Discovery of a second species of Aesalini from continental China, with description of the new species and its third instar larva (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 68–76. Third instar larval morphology of Aesalus zhejiangensis. 68—right legs in ventral view in natural shape; 69—fore leg in anterior view; 70—middle leg in posterior view; 71—hind leg in anterior view; 72—right antenna in lateral view; 73 — right mesocoxa in posterior view to show pars stridens; 74—right metatrochanter in anterior view to show plectrum; 75—epipharynx in ventral view; 76—left antenna in lateral view. Scale bars none for 68, 0.2 mm for 69–73 and 75, 0.1 mm for 74 and 76. Abbreviations: ps, pars stridens; pl, plectrum; hm, haptomerum; pp, protophoba; c, chaetoparia; e, epitorma; pt, pternotorma; hl, haptolachus; n, nesium; sa, sclerotized antennifer; ba, basal antennomere; pa, penultimate antennomere; aa, apical antennomere; ss, sensory spot; sm, sensorium; a, apical sclerotized appendage.

FIGURES 52–56 in Discovery of a second species of Aesalini from continental China, with description of the new species and its third instar larva (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 52–56. Female genitalia of Aesalus zhejiangensis. 52—whole genitalia on dark background to show membranous structures; 53—whole genitalia on bright background to show sclerotized structures; 54—hemisternite and stylus; 55—sclerotized entrance of bursa copulatrix in lateral view; 56—sclerotized entrance of bursa copulatrix in dorsal view. Scale bars 0.4 mm for all. Abbreviations: HS, hemisternite; MO, median oviduct; BD, bursal duct; SE, sclerotized entrance of bursa copulatrix; BC, bursa copulatrix; SD, spermathecal duct; S, spermatheca; SG, spermathecal gland; DAG, duct of accessory gland; AG, accessory gland; ST, stylus.

FIGURES 57–60 in Discovery of a second species of Aesalini from continental China, with description of the new species and its third instar larva (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 57–60. Field observations of Aesalus zhejiangensis. 57—biotope; 58—a partially brown, rotten log inhabited by Aesalus; 59—third instar larva found in brown, rotten portion of log; 60—newly emerged adult in pupal cell.

FIGURES 9–13. Aesalus zhejiangensis, details. 9 in Discovery of a second species of Aesalini from continental China, with description of the new species and its third instar larva (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURES 9–13. Aesalus zhejiangensis, details. 9—head in ventral view to show mentum, submentum, and canthus; 10—intercoxal process of prosternum in left lateral view; 11—intercoxal process of prosternum in ventral view; 12—abdominal ventrites in ventral view; 13—antenna. Scale bars 0.4 mm for 9, 0.2 mm for 10–11, 0.4 mm for 12, and 0.2 mm for 13.

FIGURE 1–11 in Description of the final instar of Macrothemis heteronycha (Calvert) (Anisoptera: Libellulidae)

FIGURE 1–11. Macrothemis heteronycha: (1) larva, dorsal view; (2) antenna; (3) labium; (4) labial palp; (5) left mandible; (6) right mandible; (7) prothoracic process; (8) abdomen, lateral view; (9) caudal appendages, dorsal view (10) Macrothemis inacuta, labial palp (after Novelo-Gutiérrez & Ramirez, 1998), (11). Macrothemis pseudimitans, labial palp (after Limongi, 1989).

FIGURES 15–25 in Descriptions of the first-instar larva of the hypogaeic species Neobidessodes limestoneensis (Watts & Humphreys) and of the third-instar larva of Hydroglyphus balkei Hendrich (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Bidessini) with phylogenetic considerations

FIGURES 15–25. Hydroglyphus balkei, third-instar larva. 15, head, dorsal aspect; 16, antenna, dorsal aspect; 17, antenna, ventral aspect; 18, mandible, dorsal aspect; 19, maxilla, dorsal aspect; 20, maxilla, ventral aspect; 21, labium, dorsal aspect; 22, labium, ventral aspect; 23, prothoracic leg, anterior aspect; 24, prothoracic leg, posterior aspect; 25, abdominal segment VIII and urogomphi, dorsal aspect. Sp, spinula. Secondary setae not labeled. Scale bars = 0.10 mm.

FIGURES 1–14 in Descriptions of the first-instar larva of the hypogaeic species Neobidessodes limestoneensis (Watts & Humphreys) and of the third-instar larva of Hydroglyphus balkei Hendrich (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Bidessini) with phylogenetic considerations

FIGURES 1–14. Neobidessodes limestoneensis, first-instar larva. 1, cephalic capsule, dorsal aspect; 2, cephalic capsule, ventral aspect; 3, antenna, dorsal aspect; 4, antenna, ventral aspect; 5, mandible, dorsal aspect; 6, maxilla, dorsal aspect; 7, maxilla, ventral aspect; 8, labium, dorsal aspect; 9, labium, ventral aspect; 10, metathoracic leg, anterior aspect; 11, metathoracic leg, posterior aspect; 12, abdominal segment VIII, ventral aspect; 13, abdominal segment VIII, dorsal aspect; 14, urogomphus, dorsal aspect. EB, egg burster; Sp, spinula; TP, tentorial pit. Scale bars = 0.10 mm.

FIGURES 25–26. Ectemnostega stridulata. Metaleg, instar I in Description of the nymphs of Ectemnostega (Ectemnostegella) stridulata (Hungerford 1948) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Corixidae)

FIGURES 25–26. Ectemnostega stridulata. Metaleg, instar I: 25, anterior surface; 26, posterior surface. A: anterior; AD: anterodorsal; AV: anteroventral; LA: lower area; P: posterior; PD: posterodorsal; PV: posteroventral; TC: tibial comb; UA: upper area. Scale bars: Figs. 25–26= 0.40 mm.