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Fig. 3 in A taxonomic and morphological re-evaluation of "Halitherium" cristolii Fitzinger, 1842 (Mammalia, Sirenia) from the late Oligocene of Austria, with the description of a new genus
Fig. 3. Cranium of Lentiarenium cristolii (Fitzinger, 1842) (OLL 1926/394) in ventral view. A. Photograph. B. Drawing. White areas indicate either missing or reconstructed parts. Scale bar = 2 cm.
FIGURE 1 in Pinniped (Mammalia: Carnivora) fossils from Black Rock, a new late Neogene vertebrate locality in Victoria, Australia
FIGURE 1. The locality of the fossil site at Black Rock. Panels show A) Australasia, B) the Australian state, Victoria, C) Port Phillip Bay, D) Bayside, including Beaumaris and Black Rock.
FIGURE 3 in Pinniped (Mammalia: Carnivora) fossils from Black Rock, a new late Neogene vertebrate locality in Victoria, Australia
FIGURE 3. The pinniped fossil record in A) Australasia. Site locations in B) Australia and C) New Zealand. D) The stratigraphic record of pinniped fossils, with potential pinniped turnover events. Dark grey shading indicated the timing of the Late Pliocene marine megafauna extinction (Pimiento et al., 2017).
FIGURE 2. The Black Rock phocid specimens. NMV P254995 in Pinniped (Mammalia: Carnivora) fossils from Black Rock, a new late Neogene vertebrate locality in Victoria, Australia
FIGURE 2. The Black Rock phocid specimens. NMV P254995, right mandible in A) lateral, B) medial, C) dorsal, D) ventral, E) annotated lateral, and F) annotated dorsal views. NMV P254178, phalanx in, G) side, H) ventral, I) opposing side, and J) dorsal views. Scale bar equals 20 mm.
FIGURE 6. A in Distinguishing between three modern Ellobius species (Rodentia, Mammalia) and identification of fossil Ellobius from Kaldar Cave (Iran) using geometric morphometric analyses of the first lower molar
FIGURE 6. A) First two PCs from the Principal component analysis performed on the size and shape including the reference collection and Kaldar Cave material. B) Boxplot of the total length of Ellobius from the extant reference collections and Kaldar Cave.
FIGURE 4. Ellobius right lower m1. A in Distinguishing between three modern Ellobius species (Rodentia, Mammalia) and identification of fossil Ellobius from Kaldar Cave (Iran) using geometric morphometric analyses of the first lower molar
FIGURE 4. Ellobius right lower m1. A) 14 landmarks: Landmarks on the outermost turning point of buccal (2, 4, 6) and lingual (8, 10, 12, 14) salient angles, and on the innermost turning point of buccal (3, 5) and lingual (9, 11, 13) reentrant angle. B) 60 semi-landmarks on the anterior cap.
FIGURE 2. Ellobius lower m1s in Distinguishing between three modern Ellobius species (Rodentia, Mammalia) and identification of fossil Ellobius from Kaldar Cave (Iran) using geometric morphometric analyses of the first lower molar
FIGURE 2. Ellobius lower m1s (all figured as right ones) from the extant reference collections and Kaldar Cave. A) Ellobius fuscocapillus: A.1-Kaldar Cave, 2014/4/SL5II/E6/125-130, right lower m1, number 157. A.2-Kaldar Cave, 2014/4/SL5/E5/109-111, right lower m1, number 520. A.3-Kaldar Cave, 2014/5/SL7II/E7/170-180, right lower m1, number 104. A.4- Kaldar Cave, 2014/5/SL7II/F6/135-145, right lower m1, number 547.A.5-modern, NHM86101513, Afghanistan, right lower m1. A.6-modern, FM111846, Iran, right lower m1. A.7-modern, NHM86101512, Afghanistan, right lower m1; B) Ellobius lutescens: B.1-Kaldar Cave, 2014/5/SL7II/F6/130-140, right lower m1, number 319. B.2- Kaldar Cave, 2014/4/SL5II/F7/115-118, right lower m1, number 90. B.3- Kaldar Cave, 2014/4/SL5II/F7/115-118, right lower m1, number 91. B.4- Kaldar Cave, 2014/5/SL7II/E7/145-150, right lower m1, number 436. B.5-modern, NMH916416, Turkey, right lower m1. B.6-modern, NMH916414, Turkey, right lower m1. B.7-modern, NMH916412, Turkey, right lower m1; C) Ellobius talpinus: C.1-modern, NHM3421126, Russia, right lower m1. C.2-modern, FM103163, Afghanistan, right lower m1. C.3-modern, AMNH59797, Mongolia, right lower m1. Scale 1 mm.
FIGURE 1. A in Distinguishing between three modern Ellobius species (Rodentia, Mammalia) and identification of fossil Ellobius from Kaldar Cave (Iran) using geometric morphometric analyses of the first lower molar
FIGURE 1. A) Occlusal surface of Ellobius right lower m1: triangle (T); buccal re-entrant angle (BRA); lingual reentrant angle (LRA); anterior cap (AC); posterior lobe (PL); B) Lingual view of left lower m1.
FIGURE 5 in Distinguishing between three modern Ellobius species (Rodentia, Mammalia) and identification of fossil Ellobius from Kaldar Cave (Iran) using geometric morphometric analyses of the first lower molar
FIGURE 5. Principal component analysis on the normalized landmarks and sliding semilandmarks and shape configuration at the extreme ends of the two first PCs.
FIGURE 7 in Distinguishing between three modern Ellobius species (Rodentia, Mammalia) and identification of fossil Ellobius from Kaldar Cave (Iran) using geometric morphometric analyses of the first lower molar
FIGURE 7. Morphological differences between Ellobius fuscocapillus (left) and Ellobius lutescens (right). Arrows depict the displacements between corresponding landmarks in the reference (dots) and Ellobius lutescens as target specimens.
FIGURE 1 in Endemism and migration in the Kochkor Basin? Identification and description of Adcrocuta eximia (Mammalia: Carnivora: Hyaenidae) and c.f. Paramachaerodus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) fossils at the Miocene locality of Ortok, Kyrgyzstan
FIGURE 1. Maps of Kyrgyzstan showing the location of Ortok and important topographical structures. A, Google Earth imagery (accessed May 2018) of the Kochkor and Issyk Kul Basins showing major basins, main bodies of water, Tien Shan mountains, and major fault lines for Kyrgyzstan. The Tien Shan mountains run roughly east to west, leaving high altitude basins infilled with Cenozoic sediments between each sub range. The Kochkor Basin is roughly 80 km long and 24 km wide. Map data: Google, Mapabc.com. Scale equals 96 km; B, additional zoomed in map of Kochkor Basin with fossil localities. Furthest left star is the Ortok site, other fossil collections are from both Tarasov (1970) and McLaughlin (2018). Map data: Google, Digital Globe. Scale equals 16.2 km; C, zoomed in Google Earth map of Kochkor Basin showing main body of water and topographic features. Likely, the Kochkor Basin was connected to the Issyk Kul Basin (the large lake in the figure) until geologically very recently, as shown by the low hills dividing the two basins. Map data: Google, Landsat Copernicus. Scale equals 65 km; D, Google Earth imagery of the Ortok. Base of measured stratigraphic and paleomagnetostratigraphic section (see McLaughlin, 2018) marked with a blue star. Fossiliferous outcrop extends to east and north of the star in the pale tan exposure. To the east, a gorge cut into reddish Paleozoic granite with the thin layer of Chu unconformably resting on it. Strata at Ortok are dipping very gently to the north and are the least deformed structurally of any site included in this study. Additionally, the fossils are the least diagenically altered, indicating little to no diagenic alteration to the site as well. Map data: Google, Digital Globe.Map Scale equals 300 m.
FIGURE 5. Specimen UOMNH F-70508 in Endemism and migration in the Kochkor Basin? Identification and description of Adcrocuta eximia (Mammalia: Carnivora: Hyaenidae) and c.f. Paramachaerodus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) fossils at the Miocene locality of Ortok, Kyrgyzstan
FIGURE 5. Specimen UOMNH F-70508, Adcrocuta eximia, in occlusal view with insets of morphological features discussed in text. A, occlusal schematic diagram of preserved dentition and p1 alveolus (arrow); B, occlusal view of m1 (anterior to the left) illustrating early stage wear on paraconid and protoconid, respectively; C, occlusal of preserved specimen; D, buccal view of p3 showing examples of transitional acute-angle Hunter-Schreger Bands. These are associated with robust hyaenines (Tseng, 2011); E, detail oblique lingual view of talonid of carnassial (m1) with reduced hypoconid and entoconid. Abbreviations: Encd, entoconid; Hypcd, hypoconid; Ptd, protoconid. Scale bar A and C, equals 5 cm, B, equals 5 mm, D, equals 20 mm, and E, equals 10 mm.
FIGURE 6 in New omomyoids (Euprimates, Mammalia) from the late Uintan of southern California, USA, and the question of the extinction of the Paromomyidae (Plesiadapiformes, Primates)
FIGURE 6. Micro-CT scan reconstructions of specimens of Walshina esmaraldensis gen. et sp. nov. generated using Avizo 7: 1: left M1, LACM 40198 (holotype), in occlusal view; 2: left M2, SDSNH 87336, in occlusal view; 3: lingual fragment of a left M2, SDSNH 87337, in occlusal view; 4: lingual fragment of a right M2, SDSNH 42268, in occlusal view; 5, 6, 9, 10: left M2, SDSNH 87332, in occlusal (5), buccal (6), mesial (9) and lingual (10) views; 7, 8, 11, 12: mesial fragment of a left M1, SDSNH 87331, in occlusal (7), buccal (8), mesial (11) and lingual (12) views; 13, 14, 17, 18: left M3, SDSNH 87334, in buccal (13), occlusal (14), lingual (17) and mesial (18) views; 15, 16, 19: distal fragment of a right M3, SDSNH 87335, in buccal (15), occlusal (16) and lingual (19) views.
FIGURE 5 in New omomyoids (Euprimates, Mammalia) from the late Uintan of southern California, USA, and the question of the extinction of the Paromomyidae (Plesiadapiformes, Primates)
FIGURE 5. Photographs taken with digital camera (1, 4-11) and Micro-CT scan reconstructions generated using Avizo 7 (2, 3). Walshina shifrae comb. nov. (1, 4, 7, 10) – 1: right M1, CM 15797 (holotype; mirrored), in occlusal view; 4: left M2, CM 15103, in occlusal view; 7: left M, CM 21637, in occlusal view; 10: left M; CM 15726, in occlusal view. 2 3 Walshina esmaraldensis gen. et sp. nov. (2, 5) – 2: left M1, LACM 40198 (holotype), in occlusal view; 5: left M2, SDSNH 62850, in occlusal view. Walshina mcgrewi comb. nov. (3, 6, 8, 9, 11) – 3: left M1, CM 15635 (holotype), in occlusal view; 6: left M2, CM15794, in occlusal view; 8, 9, 11: left mandibular fragment with M, CM 29005, in occlusal 2 (8), buccal (9), and lingual (11) views.
FIGURE 3 in New omomyoids (Euprimates, Mammalia) from the late Uintan of southern California, USA, and the question of the extinction of the Paromomyidae (Plesiadapiformes, Primates)
FIGURE 3. Reconstruction of western North America from 40 million years ago. Orange dot indicates the paleoposition of the sites discussed in this paper, whereas the red dot indicates the current relative position of the sites. The map is reproduced with R. Blakey's permission (Colorado Plateau Geosystems, Inc.).
FIGURE 2 in New omomyoids (Euprimates, Mammalia) from the late Uintan of southern California, USA, and the question of the extinction of the Paromomyidae (Plesiadapiformes, Primates)
FIGURE 2. Holotype of Trogolemur myodes, AMNH 12599 (Matthew, 1909: plate LII, figure 5). Right dentary with P2-M3. 1: occlusal view; 2: buccal view; 3: lingual view.
FIGURE 4 in New omomyoids (Euprimates, Mammalia) from the late Uintan of southern California, USA, and the question of the extinction of the Paromomyidae (Plesiadapiformes, Primates)
FIGURE 4. Environmental SEM images of four teeth of Walshina esmaraldensis gen. et sp. nov. 1: left M3, SDSNH 76276; 2: right M1, SDSNH 76337; 3: right M2, SDSNH 76338; 4: right M3, SDSNH 72583. All teeth are in occlusal view. Arrow indicates the location of the fovea.
FIGURE 1. The late Wasatchian paromomyid Phenacolemur citatus. 1 in New omomyoids (Euprimates, Mammalia) from the late Uintan of southern California, USA, and the question of the extinction of the Paromomyidae (Plesiadapiformes, Primates)
FIGURE 1. The late Wasatchian paromomyid Phenacolemur citatus. 1: USGS 6573 (original fossil), right maxilla with P3-M2. 2-4: USGS 21712 (cast), left dentary with P4-M3 in occlusal (2), buccal (3), and lingual (4) views.
FIGURE 2 in Endemism and migration in the Kochkor Basin? Identification and description of Adcrocuta eximia (Mammalia: Carnivora: Hyaenidae) and c.f. Paramachaerodus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) fossils at the Miocene locality of Ortok, Kyrgyzstan
FIGURE 2. Stratigraphy, sediment and partially reconstructed fossil from Ortok site. A, Schematic and generalized stratigraphic column for the Cenozoic formations outcropping in the Kochkor Basin. Relative average grainsize is indicated by the X axis, while stratigraphic position is related on the Y axis; B, specimen UOMNH F-70508 in situ prior to removal by W.N.F. McLaughlin to demonstrate fossil completeness and surrounding matrix. Scale bar equals 10 cm; C, cleaned and reconstructed UOMNH F-70508. Note: some diagnostic features were damaged and lost during preparation; see Figure 3 for complete specimen. Scale bar equals 5 cm.
FIGURE 3. Specimen UOMNH F-70508 in Endemism and migration in the Kochkor Basin? Identification and description of Adcrocuta eximia (Mammalia: Carnivora: Hyaenidae) and c.f. Paramachaerodus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) fossils at the Miocene locality of Ortok, Kyrgyzstan
FIGURE 3. Specimen UOMNH F-70508, Adcrocuta eximia, right partial mandible, pre-breakage and reconstruction. A, annotated line drawing of buccal view, demonstrating two mental foramina and partial preservation of masseteric fossa (light grey). Note alveolus of p1 anterior to p2; B, UOMNH F-70508 after excavation and preliminary reconstruction demonstrating diagnostic features. Abbreviations: aac, anterior accessory cusp; ap, angular process; cp, coronoid process; mc, mandibular condyle; mf, masseteric fossa; mnf, mental foramina; pac, posterior accessory cusp; pad, paraconid; ptd, protoconid; tld, talonid. Scale bar equals 5 cm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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