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7,228 results for “Modules”
SiOx memristor structure - Gradual RESET conductance modulation
<p>Gradual RESET process of SiOx based memristor structures. </p>
Effects of enhanced productivity of resources shared by predators in a food-web module: Comparing results of a field experiment to predictions of mathematical models of intra-guild predation
<p>This dataset contains data from a field experiment described in the publication "Wise, D. H. & Farfan, M.A. (2021) Effects of enhanced productivity of resources shared by predators in a food-web module: Comparing results of a field experiment to predictions of mathematical models of intra-guild predation. Ecology and Evolution, 00: 1-11. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8375">https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8375</a>".</p> <p>The field experiment compared the response to increased input of nutrients and energy (artificial detritus) to an empirical model of intra-guild predation (IGP) to the predictions of published, simple mathematical models of asymmetric IGP (a generalist IG Predator that feeds both on a specialist IG Prey and a Resource that it shares with the IG Prey). The empirical model was a food-web module created by pooling species abundances across many families in a community of soil micro-arthropods into three response variables: IG Predator (large predatory mites), IG Prey (small predatory mites) and a shared Resource (fungivorous mites and springtails). The pattern of change over time in densities of the three response variables (IG Predator, IG Prey and Resource) was compared to the predictions of mathematical models of IGP to determine if the feeding relationships in this community of soil micro-arthropods could be abstracted into a simple IGP module. Thus, we were testing the hypothesis that IGP is a dominant organizing principle in this community.</p> <p>Simple mathematical models predict that increased input of nutrients and energy to the shared Resource will increase the equilibrium density of Resource and IG Predator, but will decrease that of IG Prey. By the experiment's end, densities of fungivores (Resource) had increased ~1.5x (ratio of pooled fungivore densities in the High treatment to plots with no addition of detritus (None treatment); and IG Predator densities had increased ~4x. Contrary to the prediction of mathematical models, IG Prey had not decreased, but instead had increased ~1.5x. We discuss possible reasons for the failure of the empirical model to agree with IGP theory.</p>
Gregarines modulate insect responses to sublethal insecticide residues
<p>Throughout their lifetime, insects face multiple environmental challenges that influence their performance. Gregarines are prevalent endoparasites in most invertebrates that affect the fitness of their hosts, but are often overlooked in ecological studies. Next to such biotic factors, a current common challenge is anthropogenic pollution with pesticides, which causes a major threat to non-target organisms that are readily exposed to lethal or sublethal concentrations. In a laboratory study, we investigated whether the presence of gregarines modulates the food consumption and life-history traits of a (non-target) leaf beetle species, Phaedon cochleariae, in response to sublethal insecticide exposure. We show that the larval food consumption of the herbivore was neither affected by gregarine infection nor sublethal insecticide exposure. Nevertheless, infection with gregarines led to a delayed development, while insecticide exposure resulted in a lower body mass of adult males and a reduced reproduction of females. Individuals exposed to both challenges suffered most, as they had the lowest survival probability. This indicates detrimental effects on the population dynamics of non-target insects infected with naturally occurring gregarines that face additional stress from agrochemical pollution. Moreover, we found that the infection load with gregarines was higher in individuals exposed to sublethal insecticide concentrations compared to unexposed individuals. To counteract the global decline of insects, the potential of natural parasite infections in modulating insect responses to anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic environmental factors should be considered in ecological risk assessment.</p>
JRC-EU-TIMES Building Stock Module
<p>This Excel file includes a geometry based calibration of the EU building stock for the year 2010 and is one of the building blocks of JRC-EU-TIMES. Associated datasets of JRC-EU-TIMES are made open as separate data sources for non-TIMES users. These datasets consist of a selection of the JRC-EU-TIMES input files with information on one specific topic. These datasets are not stand-alone models though.</p>
Task-induced modulations of neuronal activity along the auditory pathway
<p><span>Sensory processing varies depending on behavioral context. Here, we ask how task-engagement modulates neurons in the auditory system. We train mice in a simple tone-detection task, and compare their neuronal activity during passive hearing and active listening. Electrophysiological extracellular recordings in the inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body, primary auditory cortex and anterior auditory field reveals widespread modulations across all regions and cortical layers, and in both putative regular and fast-spiking cortical neurons. Clustering analysis unveils ten distinct modulation patterns that can either enhance or suppress neuronal activity. Task-engagement changes the tone-onset response in most neurons. Such modulations first emerge in subcortical areas, ruling out cortical feedback as the only mechanism underlying subcortical modulations. Half the neurons additionally display late modulations associated with licking, arousal or reward. Our results reveal the presence of functionally distinct subclasses of neurons, differentially sensitive to specific task-related variables but anatomically distributed along the auditory pathway.</span></p>
Wake vortices and dissipation in a tidally modulated flow past a three-dimensional topography
<p>LES simulation data of tidally modulated flow past an abyssal hill. Data used in the figures are available</p>
Data and code from: Traits and phylogenies modulate the environmental responses of wood-inhabiting fungal communities across spatial scales
<p>Identifying the spatial scales at which community assembly processes operate is fundamental for gaining a mechanistic understanding of the drivers shaping ecological communities. In this study, we examined whether and how traits and phylogenetic relationships structure fungal community assembly across spatial scales.</p> <p>We applied joint species distribution modelling to a European-scale dataset on 215 wood-inhabiting fungal species, which includes data on traits, phylogeny and environmental variables measured at the local (log-level) and regional (site-level) scales.</p> <p>At the local scale, wood-inhabiting fungal communities were mostly structured by deadwood decay stage, and the trait and phylogenetic patterns along this environmental gradient suggested the lack of diversifying selection.</p> <p>At regional scales, fungal communities and their trait distributions were influenced by climatic and connectivity-related variables. The fungal climatic niches were not phylogenetically structured, suggesting that diversifying selection or stabilizing selection for climatic niches has played a strong role in wood-inhabiting communities. In contrast, we found a strong phylogenetic signal in the responses to connectivity-related variables, revealing phylogenetic homogenization in small and isolated forests.</p> <p>Altogether, our results show that species-level traits and phylogenies modulate the responses of wood-inhabiting fungi to environmental processes acting at different scales. This result suggests that the evolutionary histories of fungal traits diverge along different environmental axes.</p>
Linking Problem Landscape Features with the Performance of Individual CMA-ES Modules - Data
<p>This repository contains the performance data used in the paper "Linking Problem Landscape Features with the Performance of Individual CMA-ES Modules".</p> <p>The configurations run are in 'dt_run_confs.csv', and each other csv-file corresponds the the AUC values of one of these configurations.</p> <p>The script used to generate the full performance data is included in 'generate.py', and the processing using IOHanalyzer is shown in 'script.R' </p>
Crystal structure of the tandem kinase & triphosphate tunnel metalloenzyme domain module of the TTM1 protein from Arabidoposis thaliana in complex with inorganic phosphate and citric acid - 3lambda SeMAD dataset
<p>bzip2ed tar archive containing the diffraction images (Pilatus 2M-F detector, SLS beamline PXIII, collected on 19.12.2016) for 3 wavelength Se MAD experiment (infl, inflection point, peak, peak, rem, high energy remote) and the associated data processing files (xds_inf, xds_peak, xds_rem) </p>
Crystal structure of the tandem kinase & triphosphate tunnel metalloenzyme domain module of the TTM1 protein from Arabidoposis thaliana in complex with an adenosine nucleotide analog.
<p>bzip2ed tar archive containing the diffraction images (Pilatus 2M-F detector, SLS beamline PXIII, collected on 19.12.2016) and the associated data processing files (xds) </p>
Crystal structure of the tandem kinase & triphosphate tunnel metalloenzyme domain module of the TTM1 protein from Arabidoposis thaliana in complex with inorganic phosphate and citric acid - native dataset
<p>bzip2ed tar archive containing the diffraction images (Pilatus 2M-F detector, SLS beamline PXIII, collected on 19.12.2016) and the associated data processing files (xds) </p>
Data from: Litter decomposition affected by bamboo expansion is modulated by litter-mixing and microbial composition
<p>Litter decomposition is a key ecosystem process that drives carbon (C) and nutrient cycling, which could be affected by shifts in plant community composition caused by plant invasion or expansion. However, how changes in leaf litter composition (e.g., litter-mixing effect) and soil microbial community induced by shift in plant community composition affect decomposition remains elusive.</p> <p>Here, by deploying 432 litterbags (50-μm mesh screen), we treated leaf litter of bamboo (<em>Phyllostachys edulis</em>) and tree species (in a mixture or alone) and decomposed them in forest sites expanded or not expanded by bamboo at three regions, to assess the effects of bamboo expansion on decomposition, microbial community structure and function.</p> <p>Bamboo expansion reduced microbial C to nitrogen (N) ratio and nutritional stress indicator (cy/pre), which was very likely ascribed to elevated N availability as a result of accelerated litter N release. The N loss of bamboo litter (28.1 ± 03%) was more than double of tree species litter (13.2 ± 3.1%), and decomposing litter of bamboo and tree species in a mixture increased litter N loss from 15.3± 3.1% to 25.9± 3.1% (by 69%). However, no consistent effect of litter type and litter treatment on C loss was observed. The non-additive litter-mixing effect is attributable to increased microbial nutrient use efficiency, which is illustrated by the interactive effect between litter treatment and cy/pre on decomposition. Moreover, the forest type interactively affected decomposition with cy/pre as ignoring litter treatment, where higher decay rate and litter N loss at bamboo expanded than non-expanded sites would be expected when both sites having comparable cy/pre, but the reality is that bamboo expansion tends to have lower cy/pre. These results imply a trade-off between introduced litter and nutrient use efficiency of local microbial community to drive decomposition.</p> <p>Our results demonstrate that litter decomposition affected by bamboo expansion was jointly modulated by litter-mixing and microbial composition, which sheds new insights on predicting changes in soil C and nutrient cycling induced by shifts in plant community composition.</p>
Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis prevents high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in mice by gut-liver axis modulating properties
<p><strong><span>Scope:</span></strong><span> Evidence is mounting that astaxanthin (ATX), a xanthophyll carotenoid, used as a nutritional supplement to prevent chronic metabolic diseases. The present study aims to identify the potential function of ATX supplementation in preventing steatohepatitis and hepatic oxidative stress in diet-induced obese mice.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods and Results:</span></strong><span> In this study, ATX as dose of 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75% have orally administered to mice along with a high-fat diet (HFD) to investigate the role of ATX in regulating liver lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. The study showed that ATX dose-dependently reduces body weight, lipid droplet formation, hepatic triglycerides and ameliorated hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress. 0.75% ATX altered the levels of 34 lipid metabolites related to hepatic cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism which might be associated with downregulation of lipogenesis-related genes and upregulation of bile acid biosynthesis-related genes. The result also revealed that ATX alleviates HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by significantly inhibiting the growth of obesity-related <em>Parabacteroides</em> and <em>Desulfovibrio</em> while promoting the growth of <em>Allobaculum</em> and <em>Akkermansia</em>. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study results suggested that dietary ATX may prevent the development of hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress with the risk of metabolic disease by gut-liver axis modulating properties.</span></p>
A new modulator of cultural transmission: congruence between learning and onward transmission contexts
<p>This study investigated the effects of congruence between two contexts -the one in which we learn variants and the one in which we later transmit them- on cultural transmission. We hypothesized that when we are placed in a particular context, we will be more likely to produce (and therefore transmit) variants that we learned in that same context. In particular, we tested the effect of a social contextual aspect: the relationship between model and learner. Participants learned two variant methods to solve a puzzle, one from an “expert” (in an expert-to-novice context) and one from a “peer” (in a peer-to-peer context). They were then asked to transmit one variant onward, either to a “novice” (in a new expert-to-novice context) or to another “peer” (in a new peer-to-peer context). We measured whose variant they transmitted onward.</p>
Eco-evolutionary dynamics modulate plant responses to global change depending on plant diversity and species identity
Global change has dramatic impacts on grassland diversity. However, little is known about how fast species can adapt to diversity loss and how this affects their responses to global change. Here, we performed a common garden experiment testing whether plant responses to global change are influenced by their selection history and the conditioning history of soil at different plant diversity levels. Using seeds of four grass species and soil samples from a 14-year-old biodiversity experiment, we grew the offspring of the plants either in their own soil or in soil of a different community, and exposed them either to drought, increased nitrogen input, or a combination of both. Under nitrogen addition, offspring of plants selected at high diversity produced more biomass than those selected at low diversity, while drought neutralized differences in biomass production. Moreover, under the influence of global change drivers, soil history, and to a lesser extent plant history, had species-specific effects on trait expression. Our results show that plant diversity modulates plant-soil interactions and growth strategies of plants, which in turn affects plant eco-evolutionary pathways. How this change affects species' response to global change and whether this can cause a feedback loop should be investigated in more detail in future studies.
An Innovative Thermo-Energy Harvesting Module for Asphalt Roadway Pavement
<p>The importance of green technologies for generating renewable energy and sustainable development is widely accepted. Road surfaces are exposed to solar radiation that generates thermal gradients and heat flow in the pavement layers. The heat stored can be harvested providing an untapped source of renewable energy. This report presents the design, construction, and assessment of an improved thermoelectric energy prototype for harvesting heat energy from roadway pavements. To accomplish this, various prototype designs were simulated using Finite Element (FE) analysis, followed by design construction and laboratory testing of the most promising prototypes to evaluate their power harvesting capabilities. The main design components of these prototypes are a heat collector/transfer plate, thermoelectric generators (TEG), and a cooling module consisting of a heat sink, phase change material, and an insulation box. The results suggest a direct relationship between thermal gradients and power generation and point out the importance of the cooling module in maintaining the efficiency of the harvester. An optimum harvester design would generate an average power output of 29 mWatt or 835 J over 8 hours per day in South Texas. Extrapolating this output for an installation that covers a length of 1 kilometer of a roadway could produce an average of 23.2 kWh/day, which appears to be a promising independent source of power for roadside signage and sensors.</p>
No evidence that relatedness or familiarity modulate male harm in Drosophila melanogaster flies from a wild population
<p>Sexual selection frequently promotes the evolution of aggressive behaviours that help males compete against their rivals, but which may harm females and hamper their fitness. Kin selection theory predicts that optimal male-male competition levels can be reduced when competitors are more genetically related to each other than to the population average, contributing to resolve this sexual conflict. Work in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> has spearheaded empirical tests of this idea, but studies so far have been conducted in lab-adapted populations in homogeneous rearing environments that may hamper kin recognition, and used highly skewed sex ratios that may fail to reflect average natural conditions. Here, we performed a fully factorial design with the aim of exploring how rearing environment (i.e. familiarity) and relatedness affect male-male aggression, male harassment, and overall male harm levels in flies from a wild population of <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>, under more natural conditions. Namely, we: a) manipulated relatedness and familiarity so that larvae reared apart were raised in different environments, as is common in the wild, and b) studied the effects of relatedness and familiarity under average levels of male-male competition in the field. We show that, contrary to previous findings, groups of unrelated-unfamiliar males were as likely to fight with each other and harass females than related-familiar males, and that overall levels of male harm to females were similar across treatments. Our results suggest that the role of kin selection in modulating sexual conflict is yet unclear in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>, and call for further studies that focus on natural populations and realistic socio-sexual and ecological environments.</p>
Areal (+)-borneol modulates root morphology, auxin signalling and meristematic activity in Arabidopsis roots
<p>One of the characteristic aspects of odour sensing in humans is the activation of olfactory receptors in a slightly different manner to different enantiomers. Here, we focused on whether plants showed enantiomer-specific responses similar to that in humans. We exposed Arabidopsis seedlings to methanol (control) and (+)- or (−)-borneol, and found that only (+)-borneol reduced the root length. Furthermore, the root-tip width was more increased upon (+)-borneol exposure than upon (−)-borneol exposure. In addition, root-hair formation was observed near the root tip in response to (+)-borneol. Auxin signalling was strongly reduced in the root tip following exposure to (+)-borneol, but was detected following exposure to (−)-borneol and methanol. Similarly, in the root tip, the activity of Cyclin B1:1 was detected on exposure to (−)-borneol and methanol, but not on exposure to (+)-borneol, indicating that (+)-borneol inhibits the meristematic activity in the root. These results partially explain (+)-borneol-specific reduction in the root length of Arabidopsis. Our results indicate the presence of a sensing system specific for (+)-borneol in Arabidopsis.</p>
Robustness of organ morphology is associated with modules of co-expressed genes related to plant cell wall
<p>Reproducibility in organ size and shape is a fundamental trait of living organisms. The mechanisms underlying such robustness remain, however, to be elucidated. In the manuscript <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.26.489498v1"><strong>"Robustness of organ morphology is associated with modules of co-expressed genes related to plant cell wall", </strong>doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.04.26.489498</a>, we took the sepal of Arabidopsis as a model, and we investigated whether variability of gene expression plays a role in variation of organ morphology.</p> <p>To address this question, we produced a dataset composed of both transcriptomic and morphological information obtained from 27 individual sepals from wild-type plants.</p> <p>This repository contains the raw confocal image of 30 sepals used as starting point for the analysis, as well as their extracted contours as binary images. These images were used to recover the 3D shape of the sepals.</p> <p>The 30 abaxial sepals were collected at early stage 11, from three different Col-0 wild-type plants, labeled D, E and F, grown simultaneously in experimentally controlled standard conditions. Each sepal was imaged under a confocal microscope using autofluorescence. Immediately following imaging, the sepal was frozen in liquid nitrogen for RNA extraction, on which an RNA-seq analysis was performed.</p> <p><strong>Related informations :</strong></p> <ul> <li>The repository of the numerical tools used for 3D shape extraction as well as the results of geometrical measurements is <a href="http://forge.cbp.ens-lyon.fr/redmine/projects/florivar">here</a>.</li> <li>The repository of RNA-Seq analysis results of these same sepals is here.</li> <li>And the analysis tools used to relate geometrical measurements to RNA-seq data are here.</li> </ul>
Sensitization of FOLFOX-resistant colorectal cancer cells via the modulation of a novel pathway involving protein phosphatase 2A
<p>The treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) with FOLFOX shows some efficacy, but these tumors quickly develop resistance to this treatment. We have observed an increased phosphorylation of AKT1/mTOR/4EBP1 and levels of p21 in FOLFOX-resistant CRC cells. We have identified a small molecule, NSC49L, that stimulates protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity, downregulates the AKT1/mTOR/4EBP1-axis, and inhibits p21 translation. We have provided evidence that NSC49L- and TRAIL-mediated sensitization is synergistically induced in p21-knockdown CRC cells, which is reversed in p21-overexpressing cells. p21 binds with procaspase 3 and prevents activation of caspase 3. We have shown that TRAIL induces apoptosis through the activation of caspase 3 by NSC49L-mediated downregulation of p21 translation, and thereby cleavage of procaspase 3 into caspase 3. NSC49L does not affect global protein synthesis. These studies provide a mechanistic understanding of NSC49L as a PP2A agonist, and how its combination with TRAIL sensitizes FOLFOX-resistant CRC cells.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.