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FIGURE 20. A–H in Systematics and preliminary phylogeny of Bornellidae (Mollusca: Nudibranchia: Dendronotina) based on morphological characters with description of four new species

FIGURE 20. A–H, Scanning electron micrographs of Pseudobornella orientalis Baba, 1932. A, Jaws (CASIZ 174989, scale bar: 60Μm). B, Masticatory process (CASIZ 174989, scale bar: 30Μm). C, Half radula (CASIZ 174988, scale bar: 10Μm). D, Rachidian tooth (CASIZ 174989, scale bar: 5Μm). E, Inner lateral (CASIZ 174989, scale bar: 5Μm). F, Stomach (CASIZ 174989, scale bar: 50Μm). G, Distal allosperm receptacle (CASIZ 174989, scale bar: 100Μm). H, Penis (CASIZ 174988, scale bar: 200Μm).

FIGURE 13. A–I in Systematics and preliminary phylogeny of Bornellidae (Mollusca: Nudibranchia: Dendronotina) based on morphological characters with description of four new species

FIGURE 13. A–I, Scanning electron micrographs of Bornella anguilla Johnson, 1984. A, Rodlets of the labial cuticle (CASIZ 086441, scale bar: 20Μm). B, Left jaw (CASIZ 086441, scale bar: 100Μm). C, Oral gland (CASIZ 084848, scale bar: 200Μm). D, Half radula (CASIZ 173389, scale bar: 10Μm). E, Lateral view of two rachidian teeth (CASIZ 069767, scale bar: 2Μm). F, Posterior chamber of the stomach showing spines (CASIZ 168860, scale bar: 200Μm). G, Stomach spines (CASIZ 168860, scale bar: 60Μm). H, Penis (CASIZ 071921, scale bar: 100Μm). I, Detail of some penial spines (CASIZ 071921, scale bar: 20Μm).

FIGURE 15. A–E in Systematics and preliminary phylogeny of Bornellidae (Mollusca: Nudibranchia: Dendronotina) based on morphological characters with description of four new species

FIGURE 15. A–E, Drawings of reproductive systems of Bornella spp. and Pseudobornella orientalis. A, Bornella dotoides sp. nov. (CASIZ 088277). B, B. pele sp. nov. (CASIZ 086356). C, B. valdae sp. nov. (AM C. 379068). D, B. johnsonorum sp. nov. (CASIZ 175406). E, Pseudobornella orientalis (CASIZ 174988). Scale bar = 1 mm. Abbreviations: am, ampulla; fglm, female gland mass; ga, genital atrium; hd, hermaphrodite duct; pr, prostate; rs, distal allosperm receptacle; va, vagina; vd, vas deferens.

FIGURE 19. A–H in Systematics and preliminary phylogeny of Bornellidae (Mollusca: Nudibranchia: Dendronotina) based on morphological characters with description of four new species

FIGURE 19. A–H, Scanning electron micrographs of Bornella johnsonorum sp. nov. A, Rodlets of the labial cuticle (CASIZ 175408, scale bar: 20Μm). B, Jaws (CASIZ 175408, scale bar: 200Μm). C, Left half-rows of radular teeth (CASIZ 175405, scale bar: 20Μm). D, Rachidian teeth (CASIZ 175406, scale bar: 6Μm). E, Lateral view of rachidian teeth (CASIZ 175409, scale bar: 10Μm). F, Stomach spines (CASIZ 175408, scale bar: 80Μm). G, Penis (CASIZ 175405, scale bar: 20Μm). H, Detail of the penial spines (CASIZ 175405, scale bar: 6Μm).

FIGURE 14. A–F in Systematics and preliminary phylogeny of Bornellidae (Mollusca: Nudibranchia: Dendronotina) based on morphological characters with description of four new species

FIGURE 14. A–F, Scanning electron micrographs of Bornella dotoides new species. A, Rodlets of the labial cuticle (CASIZ 088277, scale bar: 8Μm). B, Jaws (CASIZ 086442, scale bar: 50Μm). C, Left half-rows of radular teeth (CASIZ 086442, scale bar: 8Μm). D, Rachidian tooth (CASIZ 086442, scale bar: 4Μm). E, Posterior chamber of the stomach showing spines (CASIZ 174949, scale bar: 50Μm). F, Penis (CASIZ 086442, scale bar: 60Μm).

FIGURE 4 in Aegla manuinflata, a new species of freshwater anomuran (Decapoda: Anomura: Aeglidae) from Brazil, determined by morphological and molecular characters

FIGURE 4. Maximum-likelihood tree, including Aegla manuinflata, in relation to the other species studied by Pérez- Losada et al. (2004). A. manuinflata 1, 2 = Taquara stream; A. manuinflata 3, 4 = Itaimbé stream; A. manuinflata 5, 6 = Água Negra stream.

FIGURE 2. Aegla manuinflata n in Aegla manuinflata, a new species of freshwater anomuran (Decapoda: Anomura: Aeglidae) from Brazil, determined by morphological and molecular characters

FIGURE 2. Aegla manuinflata n. sp. a: male holotype (UFRGS 4438H), dorsal view; b: pre-cervical portion of carapace, side view; c: ischium of cheliped, ventral view; d: third and fourth sterna, ventral view; e: second abdominal epimeron.

FIGURE 1 in Aegla manuinflata, a new species of freshwater anomuran (Decapoda: Anomura: Aeglidae) from Brazil, determined by morphological and molecular characters

FIGURE 1. Hydrographic map of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 1, Uruguay River; 2, Pelotas River; 3, Erechim River; 4, Passo Fundo River; 5, Várzea River; 6, Turvo River; 7, Ijuí River; 8, Ibicuí River; 9, Quaraí River; 10, Ibicuí- Mirim River; 11, Sinos River; 12, Patos Lagoon; 13, São Gonçalo Channel; 14, Mirim Lagoon; 15, Camaquã River; 16, Jacuí River.

FIGURE 3 in Aegla manuinflata, a new species of freshwater anomuran (Decapoda: Anomura: Aeglidae) from Brazil, determined by morphological and molecular characters

FIGURE 3. Collection localities (solid circles) of Aegla manuinflata n. sp., in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul. Arrow indicates type locality. BR 158, BR 287 and BR 392 are federal highways.

FIGURE 5. R. myrmecophilus. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Mandible. C. Antennae. D. Mesossoma, dorsal view. E. Mesopleuron, lateral view. F. Tarsal claw. G in Phylogenetic analysis of Rhabdepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and redefinition of generic limits based on morphological characters

FIGURE 5. R. myrmecophilus. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Mandible. C. Antennae. D. Mesossoma, dorsal view. E. Mesopleuron, lateral view. F. Tarsal claw. G. Hing wing. Scale = 0.35 mm.

FIGURE 4. A. E in Phylogenetic analysis of Rhabdepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and redefinition of generic limits based on morphological characters

FIGURE 4. A. E. niger: mesopleuron. B. E. blandus: mesopleuron. C. A. amazonicus: mesopleuron. D. Rhabdepyris sp. 4: mesopleuron. E. B. aurata: mesopleuron. F. A. smithanus: mesopleuron. Scale = 0.35 mm.

FIGURE 3. A. B in Phylogenetic analysis of Rhabdepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and redefinition of generic limits based on morphological characters

FIGURE 3. A. B. aurata: thorax, dorsal view. B. Rhabdepyris sp. 4: mesoscutum and scutellar disc, dorsal view. C. Trachepyris sp.: thorax, dorsal view. D. A. smithanus: mesoscutum and scutellar disc, dorsal view. E. B. aurata: propodeal disc, dorsal view. F. L. yamatonis: hind wing. Fig. G. Rhabdepyris sp. 4: tarsal claw. Scale = 0.35 mm.

FIGURE 2. A. A in Phylogenetic analysis of Rhabdepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and redefinition of generic limits based on morphological characters

FIGURE 2. A. A. amazonicus: mandible. B, E. Trachepyris sp.: mandible. C. L. yamatonis: head, dorsal view. D. B. aurata: head, lateral view. F. L. yamatonis: head, lateral view. G. A. amazonicus: head, lateral view. H. A. subviolaceus: pronotal disc. I. Trachepyris sp.: antenna. J. A. amazonicus: antenna. K. E. niger: pronotum, lateral view. Scale = 0.35 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Phylogenetic analysis of Rhabdepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and redefinition of generic limits based on morphological characters

FIGURE 6. Strict consensus of 72 most parsimonious cladograms derived from morphological analyses with equal weighting (L=463 steps, CI= 0.18 and RI=0.54). Numbers above branch indicate Bootstrap (%), under Bremer support. Bootstrap values below 50 and Bremer support values of 1 are not reported.

FIGURE 8 in Phylogenetic analysis of Rhabdepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and redefinition of generic limits based on morphological characters

FIGURE 8. One of the 72 most parsimonious trees, from equal weighting analyses, presented with character-state mapping. Dark circles represent synapomorphic characters and open circles represent homoplasious characters. Numbers above the line represent number, while those below the line represent the character state.

FIGURE 1. A in Phylogenetic analysis of Rhabdepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and redefinition of generic limits based on morphological characters

FIGURE 1. A. Rhabdepyris sp.4: mesopleuron, major features, lateral view. B. A. smithanus: mesopleuron, major features, lateral view. C. B. aurata, propodeal disc, major features. Scale = 0.35 mm.

FIGURES 28–36 in Revised taxonomy and redescription of two species of the Peripatidae (Onychophora) from Brazil: a step towards consistent terminology of morphological characters

FIGURES 28–36. Comparison of dermal papillae between Macroperipatus torquatus, and Epiperipatus acacioi and E. machadoi. Ink drawings based on scanning electron micrographs. 28–30. Drawings of integument and dermal papillae of M. torquatus based on micrographs provided by Read (1988b). 28. Overview of dorsal integument showing quadrangular dermal papillae. 29. Dorsal primary papilla with quadrangular basal piece. 30. Detail of rudimentary apical piece of dorsal primary papilla. 31–33. Drawings of integument and dermal papillae of E. acacioi based on scanning electron micrographs from present study. 31. Overview of dorsal integument showing dermal papillae with roundish bases. 32. Dorsal primary papilla. 33. Detail of apical piece of primary papilla. Note distinct constriction. 34–36. Drawings of integument and papillae of E. machadoi based on scanning electron micrographs from present study. 34. Overview of dorsal integument showing dermal papillae with roundish bases. 35. Dorsal primary papilla. 36. Detail of apical piece of primary papilla.

FIGURES 20–25 in Revised taxonomy and redescription of two species of the Peripatidae (Onychophora) from Brazil: a step towards consistent terminology of morphological characters

FIGURES 20–25. Epiperipatus machadoi comb. nov.. 20. Dorsal primary papilla with at least eight scale ranks (white dots) in basal piece (bp) and three ranks (black dots) in apical piece (ap). 21. Detail of apical piece (ap) showing asymmetry in position of sensory bristle (br). 22. Primary papilla at level of legs with elongated basal (bp) and apical pieces (ap). Scale ranks are indicated by black and white dots. 23. Ventral foot surface with one to two bristles on each proximal (sp) and distal setiform ridge (sd). 24–25. Details of duplicated and single bristles (br) from proximal setiform ridge.

FIGURES 14–19 in Revised taxonomy and redescription of two species of the Peripatidae (Onychophora) from Brazil: a step towards consistent terminology of morphological characters

FIGURES 14–19. Epiperipatus machadoi comb. nov.. 14. Dorsal colour pattern. 15. Ventral colour pattern. 16. Outer blade with one principal (pt) and one accessory teeth (at). Anterior is up, ventral is left. 17. Inner blade with single principal tooth (pt), one accessory tooth (at) and six denticles (dt). Anterior is up, ventral is left. 18. Overview of dorsal integument showing primary (pp) and accessory papillae (ac) distribution pattern. 19. Detail of primary (pp) and accessory papillae (ac) from dorsal integument.

FIGURES 2–7. Epiperipatus acacioi comb. nov. 2 in Revised taxonomy and redescription of two species of the Peripatidae (Onychophora) from Brazil: a step towards consistent terminology of morphological characters

FIGURES 2–7. Epiperipatus acacioi comb. nov. 2. Dorsal colour pattern (photo: Ubirajara de Oliveira). 3. Ve ntral colour pattern (photo: Ubirajara de Oliveira). 4. Outer jaw blade with a single principal tooth (pt). Anterior is up, ventral is left. 5. Inner jaw blade showing single principal tooth (pt), one accessory tooth (at), and eight denticles (dt). Anterior is up, ventral is left. 6. Overview of dorsal integument and its primary (pp) and accessory papillae (ac). 7. Details of dorsal primary papilla showing basal piece (bp) and asymmetrical apical piece (ap) with sensory bristle (br). Dotted line indicates constriction separating basal and apical pieces.