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Data from: Repetitive DNA profiles reveal evidence of rapid genome evolution and reflect species boundaries in ground beetles
Genome architecture is a complex, multidimensional property of an organism defined by the content and spatial organization of the genome's component parts. Comparative study of entire genome architecture in model organisms is shedding light on mechanisms underlying genome regulation, evolution, and diversification; but such studies require costly analytical approaches which make extensive comparative study impractical for most groups. However, lower-cost methods that measure a single architectural component (e.g., distribution of one class of repeats) have potential as a new data source for evolutionary studies insofar as that measure correlates with more complex biological phenomena, and for which it could serve as part of an explanatory framework. We investigated copy number variation (CNV) profiles in ribosomal DNA (rDNA) as a simple measure reflecting the distribution of rDNA subcomponents across the genome. We find that signatures present in rDNA CNV profiles strongly correlate with species boundaries in the <i>breve</i> species group of <i>Bembidion</i>, and vary across broader taxonomic sampling in <i>Bembidion</i> subgenus <i>Plataphus</i>. Profiles of several species show evidence of re-patterning of rDNA-like sequences throughout the genome, revealing evidence of rapid genome evolution (including among sister pairs) not evident from analysis of traditional data sources such as multi-gene data sets. Major re-patterning of rDNA-like sequences has occurred frequently within the evolutionary history of <i>Plataphus</i>. We confirm that CNV profiles represent an aspect of genomic architecture (i.e., the linear distribution of rDNA components across the genome) via fluorescence in-situ hybridization. In at least one species, novel rDNA-like elements are spread throughout all chromosomes. We discuss the potential of copy number profiles of rDNA, or other repeats, as a low-cost tool for incorporating signal of genomic architecture variation in studies of species delimitation and genome evolution.
Low-level updraft intensification in response to environmental wind profiles
<p>Supercell storms can develop a "dynamical response" whereby upward accelerations in the lower troposphere amplify as a result of rotationally induced pressure falls aloft. These upward accelerations likely modulate a supercell's ability to stretch near-surface vertical vorticity to achieve tornadogenesis. This study quantifies such a dynamical response as a function of environmental wind profiles commonly found near supercells. Self-organizing maps (SOMs) were used to identify recurring low-level wind profile patterns from 20,194 model-analyzed, near-supercell soundings. The SOM nodes with larger 0–500 m storm-relative helicity (SRH) and streamwise vorticity (ω<sub>s</sub>) corresponded to higher observed tornado probabilities. The distilled wind profiles from the SOMs were used to initialize idealized numerical simulations of updrafts. In environments with large 0–500 m SRH and large ω<sub>s</sub>, a rotationally induced pressure deficit, increased dynamic lifting, and a strengthened updraft resulted. The resulting upward-directed accelerations were an order of magnitude stronger than typical buoyant accelerations. At 500 m AGL, this dynamical response increased the vertical velocity by up to 25 m s<sup>–1</sup>, vertical vorticity by up to 0.2 s<sup>–1</sup>, and pressure deficit by up to 5 hPa. This response specifically augments the near-ground updraft (the midlevel updraft properties are almost identical across the simulations). However, dynamical responses only occurred in environments where 0–500 m SRH and ω<sub>s</sub> exceeded 110 m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>–2</sup> and 0.015 s<sup>–1</sup>, respectively. The presence vs. absence of this dynamical response may explain why environments with higher 0–500 m SRH and ω<sub>s</sub> correspond to greater tornado probabilities.</p>
Set of loom files for three Ewing sarcoma cell lines CHLA9, CHLA10, TC71 profiled with scRNASeq at single cell level
<p>The raw sequence files were published in <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/4/948">Miller et al, 2020, Cancers</a> . The files were downloaded and processed using kallisto mapper.</p> <p>The loom files were used to build a <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.14.448414">model of cell cycle with switches</a> and in the development of <a href="https://github.com/csgroen/scycle">scycle Python package</a>.</p>
OU/NSSL CLAMPS AERIoe Temperature and Water Vapor Profile Data from LAPSE-RATE
<p>The AERIoe algorithm (Turner and Loehnert 2014, Turner and Blumberg 2018) retrieves profiles of temperature and water vapor mixing ratio, together with cloud properties for a single-layer cloud (i.e., LWP, effective radius), from AERI-observed infrared radiance spectrum. The data can be used to characterize the evolution of the planetary boundary layer and boundary layer clouds.</p> <p>This dataset was collected at the Moffat Consolidated School in Moffat, CO during the LAPSE-RATE field campaign. The AERIoe retrieval was run at 15-minute resolution to match the cadence of the UAS that was colocated with the CLAMPS facility. This is a physical-iterative retrieval method. The retrieval of thermodynamic profiles from spectral infrared radiance observations is an ill-posed problem, and thus constraints need to be included in the retrieval algorithm to provide physically plausible results. Here, we use a climatology of 2022 radiosonde profiles collected from Denver during July as our prior information in an optimal estimation framework.</p> <p>As the method uses an optimal estimation framework, a full error covariance matrix of each solution is included in the output file. The 1-sigma uncertainty of each retrieved variable, which is derived from the error covariance matrix, is included for each scientific field and is named "sigma_X", where "X" is the name of the scientific field (e.g., 'temperature'). The information content in the AERI observations, which is in the "dfs" field, on the thermodynamic profiles is primarily concentrated in the lowest 3 km or up to cloud base; the retrieved data should not be used above that level (or used with caution).</p> <p> </p> <p>References:</p> <p>Turner, D. D., and U. Löhnert, 2014: Information Content and Uncertainties in Thermodynamic Profiles and Liquid Cloud Properties Retrieved from the Ground-Based Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI). <em>J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol.</em>, <strong>53</strong>, 752–771, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0126.1">https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0126.1</a>.</p> <p>Turner, D. D., and W. G. Blumberg, 2019: Improvements to the AERIoe Thermodynamic Profile Retrieval Algorithm. <em>IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing</em>, <strong>12</strong>, 1339–1354, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2018.2874968">https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2018.2874968</a>.</p>
Immune repertoire profiling reveals that clonally expanded B and T cells infiltrating diseased human kidneys can also be tracked in the blood
<p>Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing allow for the competitive analysis of the human B and T cell immune repertoire. In this study we compared Immunoglobulin and T cell receptor repertoires of lymphocytes found in kidney and blood samples of 10 patients with various renal diseases based on next-generation sequencing data.</p>
MONROE_Profiling_Mobile_Broadband_Coverage
<p>Dataset for TMA'16 paper Profiling Mobile Broadband Coverage. </p> <p>The dataset consists of grid blocks traversed by the train routes me measure in Norway, more specifically Oslo-Stavanger, Oslo-Voss, Oslo-Trondheim, Trondheim- Bodø.</p> <p>For each of the grids and for each run on a route, we measure the Radio Access Technology an end-user could access while in the train for two different Mobile Broadband providers, namely Telenor and Netcom (Telia) in Norway. The dataset csv files we upload here are organized per operator and per route. </p> <p>Each row in one file consists of:</p> <p>grid_id = unique ID of the grid block that delimits a portion of the route</p> <p>lat1 = latitude of the grid </p> <p>lon1 = longitude of the grid </p> <p>avg_speed = average speed of the train when traversing the grid block </p> <p>start = timestamp of when the train enters the grid</p> <p>end = timestamp when the train exits the grid </p> <p>ccu_desig = unique ID of the NSB passenger train </p> <p>total = total number of datapoints within the grid block </p> <p>4G = number of points within the grid where the RAT is 4G </p> <p>3G = number of points within the grid where the RAT is 3G </p> <p>2G = number of points within the grid where the RAT is 2G </p> <p>nos = number of points within the grid where the RAT is No Service </p> <p>4gd = 4G distribution in the grid block </p> <p>3gd = 3G distribution in the grid block </p> <p>2gd = 2G distribution in the grid block</p> <p>nosd = No Service distribution in the grid block </p> <p>run_id = the ID of the run</p> <p>static = 1 if the train stops at any point in the grid, 0 is the train doesn't stop in the grid</p> <p>mobile = 1 if the train is mobile, 0 is it is not</p> <p>full_mobile = 1 if the train is moving at all times, 0 if it is not </p> <p>tunnel = 1 if the train traverses a tunnel within the grid block, 0 if there are no tunnels</p> <p>full_tunnel = 1 if the train is in train the whole time it is in the respective grid block </p> <p>way = route direction </p> <p>route = train route </p> <p> </p>
Eco-hydrology Cikapundung Project: citation connections and research profile building
<p>This image is uploaded as an integrated part of Eco-Hydrology Cikapundung project. This image will be cited across all future publications related to this project as CC-BY image. Therefore it should not be treated as prior publication of any kind.</p> <p>We used www.Draw.io and the source code is available on GIthub (https://github.com/dasaptaerwin/CikapundungProject/blob/master/citationConnection.xml).</p> <p>---<br> Dokumen ini disusun sebagai pelengkap riset untuk menggambarkan kaitan sitasi antar dokumen dari hulu ke hilir. Setiap dokumen diupayakan ber-DOI agar dapat <em>autosync</em> dengan profil riset yang tersedia: Google Scholar, Sinta, ORCID. Dengan dibuatnya dokumen hubungan sitasi ini, maka diharapkan dapat menjelaskan bahwa tidak terjadi duplikasi dalam publikasi.</p>
Comprehensive epigenomic profiling reveals the extent of disease-specific chromatin states and informs target discovery in ankylosing spondylitis
<p>We performed comprehensive epigenetic profiling in immune cell samples from patients with ankylosing spondylitis and healthy controls. <br><br><em>Note: Due to Zenodo updating their maximum file limit to 100 files, version 4 </em>(v4) <em>of this archive has been split into 5 compressed archive (tar.gz) files containing all previous and additional files. <br><br></em>Version 4 of this archive (updated 03/06/2025) adds 4 files to the archive that were omitted in previous versions which have now been made available. These were: <em><br></em></p> <ul> <li>RNA_CD8_raw_counts.txt.gz</li> <li>RNA_CD8_normalised_counts.txt.gz</li> <li>RNA_CD14_raw_counts.txt.gz</li> <li>RNA_CD14_normalised_counts.txt.gz </li> </ul> <p><em>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</em></p> <p><strong>RNA-seq/ATAC-seq/ChIPm/eRNA: </strong>Raw and normalised count data for each gene or epigenetic peak in CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD14+ monocytes from AS patients and healthy controls. File name is in the format: "modality_cell-type_raw/normalised_counts.txt.gz". Table S2 shows which experiments were performed on which samples. </p> <p>This data can be found in the "Raw_Counts.tar.gz" and "Normalised_Counts.tar.gz" archives. </p> <p>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p><strong>ChromHMM: </strong>We used ChromHMM to integrate epigenomic data into a 14-emission state model detailing chromatin functionality in AS patients and healthy controls. ChromHMM filenames are in the format: "ChromHMM_sampleID_celltype_n.bed.gz" where n is the number of states in the ChromHMM emission model.</p> <p>This data can be found in the "ChromHMM_AS_HV.tar.gz" archive. </p> <p>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p><strong>Capture-C: </strong>We performed Capture-C to detect chromosome looping interactions between gene promoters and SNPs associated with ankylosing spondylitis. Capture-C count data are shown in the format: "CaptureC_celltype_gene_Pro/SNP_normalised.unionbdg". We used PeakY to calculate a score for each interaction. PeakY scores are given in the following format: "PeakY_AS/HV_celltype_tier_chrloc_gene_Pro/SNP.txt". gene_Pro and gene_SNP relate to the baitsets given in Table S8.</p> <p>This data can be found in the "CapC_Count_Data.tar.gz" and "PeakY_regions.tar.gz" archives. </p>
Data for methylome sequencing: Enriching and Profiling Methylomes for Tumor Classification and Liquid Biopsies
<p>We benchmarked and demonstrated the versatility of FLEXseq (Fragment Ligation EXclusive methylation sequencing) across different sample types: genomic DNA from the K562 (leukemia) cell line, DNA mix-in titrations of four immune cell types (B cells, T cells, monocytes, and neutrophils), DNA titrations of three cancer cell lines (breast invasive carcinoma [BRCA], colon adenocarcinoma [COAD], and glioblastoma [GBM]) mixed with those four immune cell mixtures separately, input titrations of cell-free (cf) DNA from one plasma sample and DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, cfDNA from 106 cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) and 42 other body fluids, and DNA from 37 FFPE tissues.</p> <p>We sequenced all the samples mentioned above using FLEXseq. Paired-end reads were quality and length trimmed with cutadapt version 3.5, and all high-quality sequencing reads were then aligned to the hg38 reference genome using Bismark v0.23.0. We then filtered out reads with unmethylated cytosine in the non-CpG context with filter_non_conversion function. Next, we used the bismark_methylation_extractor function to extract the methylation calls (removing single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNP]).</p> <p>We also used the bam2pat function from wgbs_tools, to convert bam files into .pat files for deconvolution, keeping reads covering at least three CpG sites. The .pat files preserve fragment-level data and were de-identified by removing SNPs using the mask_pat function. </p> <p>We used CNVkit (v0.9.10) to analyze and visualize genome-wide copy numbers. Our inputs into CNVkit were Bismark/Bowtie 2 aligned BAM files deduplicated by Bismark based on end positions and fragment lengths. We then generated log2copy ratio plots for all body fluid and FFPE samples based on the pooled reference and visualized them across all bins using the DNAcopy R package.</p> <p> </p>
TCOM-CH4: TOMCAT CTM and Occultation Measurements based daily zonal stratospheric methane profile dataset [1991-2021] constructed using machine-learning
<p>Methodology: </p> <p><span>he </span><strong><span>TOMCAT simulation</span></strong><span> was conducted at a T64L32 resolution, consistent with previous work by Dhomse et al. (2021, 2022), covering the period from 2000 to 2024. These simulations utilized </span><strong><span>ERA-5 reanalysis data</span></strong><span>.</span></p> <h3><span>CH4 Profile Processing and Bias Correction</span></h3> <p><strong><span>Collocated CH4 profiles</span></strong><span> are organized into five distinct latitude bins:</span></p> <ul> <li> <p><strong><span>NH polar</span></strong><span>: </span><span><span><span><span><span>9</span><span>0<span><span><span><span><span><span><span>∘</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>N - </span><span><span><span><span><span>5</span><span>0<span><span><span><span><span><span><span>∘</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>N</span></p> </li> <li> <p><strong><span>NH mid-lat</span></strong><span>: </span><span><span><span><span><span>2</span><span>0<span><span><span><span><span><span><span>∘</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>N - </span><span><span><span><span><span>7</span><span>0<span><span><span><span><span><span><span>∘</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>N</span></p> </li> <li> <p><strong><span>Tropics</span></strong><span>: </span><span><span><span><span><span>4</span><span>0<span><span><span><span><span><span><span>∘</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>S - </span><span><span><span><span><span>4</span><span>0<span><span><span><span><span><span><span>∘</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>N</span></p> </li> <li> <p><strong><span>SH mid-lat</span></strong><span>: </span><span><span><span><span><span>7</span><span>0<span><span><span><span><span><span><span>∘</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>S - </span><span><span><span><span><span>2</span><span>0<span><span><span><span><span><span><span>∘</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>S</span></p> </li> <li> <p><strong><span>SH polar</span></strong><span>: </span><span><span><span><span><span>9</span><span>0<span><span><span><span><span><span><span>∘</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>S - </span><span><span><span><span><span>5</span><span>0<span><span><span><span><span><span><span>∘</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>S</span></p> </li> </ul> <p><span>Initially, </span><strong><span>differences between TOMCAT and satellite measurements</span></strong><span> (primarily ACE-FTS data) are calculated for each zonal bin across 51 height levels (ranging from </span><span><span><span><span><span>10</span><span>,</span><span><span>km</span></span></span></span></span></span><span> to </span><span><span><span><span><span>60</span><span>,</span><span><span>km</span></span></span></span></span></span><span>). It is important to note that unlike previous versions that might have used both HALOE and ACE measurements, this version exclusively utilizes </span><strong><span>ACE-FTS data</span></strong><span>, which is why the dataset starts from 2000.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Separate XGBoost regression models</span></strong><span> are then trained for these CH4 differences at each height level within a given latitude bin. These trained models are subsequently used to estimate </span><strong><span>CH4 bias corrections</span></strong><span> for all daytime TOMCAT grids (9132 days), specifically sampled at 1:30 PM local time at the equator. This yields grid-specific bias corrections that are applied to the original TOMCAT profiles.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Height-resolved CH4 profile data</span></strong><span> are then interpolated onto 28 standard pressure levels (from </span><span><span><span><span><span>300</span><span>,</span><span><span>hPa</span></span></span></span></span></span><span> to </span><span><span><span><span><span>0.1</span><span>,</span><span><span>hPa</span></span></span></span></span></span><span>), using pressure levels directly from the TOMCAT grids. For overlapping latitude bins, values are averaged to ensure smoother fields near boundary regions.</span></p> <h3><span>Data Files</span></h3> <p><span>The dataset includes two files containing daily mean zonal mean CH4 profiles:</span></p> <ul> <li> <p><code><span>zmch4_TCOM_hlev_T2Dz_2000-2024_V1.1.nc</span></code><span>: Contains </span><strong><span>height level data</span></strong><span> (</span><span><span><span><span><span>10</span><span>,</span><span><span>km</span></span></span></span></span></span><span> to </span><span><span><span><span><span>60</span><span>,</span><span><span>km</span></span></span></span></span></span><span>).</span></p> </li> <li> <p><code><span>zmch4_TCOM_plev_T2Dz_2000-2024_V1.1.nc</span></code><span>: Contains </span><strong><span>pressure level data</span></strong><span> (</span><span><span><span><span><span>300</span><span>,</span><span><span>hPa</span></span></span></span></span></span><span> to </span><span><span><span><span><span>0.1</span><span>,</span><span><span>hPa</span></span></span></span></span></span><span>).</span></p> </li> </ul> <h3><span>Reference Publication</span></h3> <p><span>This methodology, incorporating only ACE-FTS data and various minor algorithmic developments, is based on the following publication:</span></p> <p><span>Dhomse, S. S. and Chipperfield, M. P.: Using machine learning to construct TOMCAT model and occultation measurement-based stratospheric methane (TCOM-CH4) and nitrous oxide (TCOM-N2O) profile data sets, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5105–5120, </span><a title="null" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5105-2023"><span>https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5105-2023</span></a><span>, 2023.</span></p>
TCOM-N2O: TOMCAT CTM and Occultation Measurements based daily zonal stratospheric nitrous oxide profile dataset [1991-2021] constructed using machine-learning
<p>Methodology: </p> <p><span>The </span><strong><span>TOMCAT simulation</span></strong><span> was conducted at a T64L32 resolution, consistent with previous work by Dhomse et al. (2021, 2022), covering the period from 2000 to 2024. These simulations utilized </span><strong><span>ERA-5 reanalysis data</span></strong><span>.</span></p> <h3><span>N2O Profile Processing and Bias Correction</span></h3> <p><strong><span>Collocated N2O profiles</span></strong><span> are organized into five distinct latitude bins:</span></p> <ul> <li> <p><strong><span>NH polar</span></strong><span>: </span><span><span><span><span><span>9</span><span>0<span><span><span><span><span><span><span>∘</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>N - </span><span><span><span><span><span>5</span><span>0<span><span><span><span><span><span><span>∘</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>N</span></p> </li> <li> <p><strong><span>NH mid-lat</span></strong><span>: </span><span><span><span><span><span>2</span><span>0<span><span><span><span><span><span><span>∘</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>N - </span><span><span><span><span><span>7</span><span>0<span><span><span><span><span><span><span>∘</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>N</span></p> </li> <li> <p><strong><span>Tropics</span></strong><span>: </span><span><span><span><span><span>4</span><span>0<span><span><span><span><span><span><span>∘</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>S - </span><span><span><span><span><span>4</span><span>0<span><span><span><span><span><span><span>∘</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>N</span></p> </li> <li> <p><strong><span>SH mid-lat</span></strong><span>: </span><span><span><span><span><span>7</span><span>0<span><span><span><span><span><span><span>∘</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>S - </span><span><span><span><span><span>2</span><span>0<span><span><span><span><span><span><span>∘</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>S</span></p> </li> <li> <p><strong><span>SH polar</span></strong><span>: </span><span><span><span><span><span>9</span><span>0<span><span><span><span><span><span><span>∘</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>S - </span><span><span><span><span><span>5</span><span>0<span><span><span><span><span><span><span>∘</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span>S</span></p> </li> </ul> <p><span>Initially, </span><strong><span>differences between TOMCAT and satellite measurements</span></strong><span> (primarily ACE-FTS data) are calculated for each zonal bin across 51 height levels (ranging from </span><span><span><span><span><span>10</span><span>,</span><span><span>km</span></span></span></span></span></span><span> to </span><span><span><span><span><span>60</span><span>,</span><span><span>km</span></span></span></span></span></span><span>).</span></p> <p><strong><span>Separate XGBoost regression models</span></strong><span> are then trained for these N2O differences at each height level within a given latitude bin. These trained models are subsequently used to estimate </span><strong><span>N2O bias corrections</span></strong><span> for all daytime TOMCAT grids (9132 days), specifically sampled at 1:30 PM local time at the equator. This yields grid-specific bias corrections that are applied to the original TOMCAT profiles.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Height-resolved N2O profile data</span></strong><span> are then interpolated onto 28 standard pressure levels (from </span><span><span><span><span><span>300</span><span>,</span><span><span>hPa</span></span></span></span></span></span><span> to </span><span><span><span><span><span>0.1</span><span>,</span><span><span>hPa</span></span></span></span></span></span><span>), using pressure levels directly from the TOMCAT grids. For overlapping latitude bins, values are averaged to ensure smoother fields near boundary regions.</span></p> <h3><span>Data Files</span></h3> <p><span>The dataset includes two files containing daily mean zonal mean N2O profiles:</span></p> <ul> <li> <p><code><span>zmn2o_TCOM_hlev_T2Dz_2000-2024_V1.1.nc</span></code><span>: Contains </span><strong><span>height level data</span></strong><span> (</span><span><span><span><span><span>10</span><span>,</span><span><span>km</span></span></span></span></span></span><span> to </span><span><span><span><span><span>60</span><span>,</span><span><span>km</span></span></span></span></span></span><span>).</span></p> </li> <li> <p><code><span>zmn2o_TCOM_plev_T2Dz_2000-2024_V1.1.nc</span></code><span>: Contains </span><strong><span>pressure level data</span></strong><span> (</span><span><span><span><span><span>300</span><span>,</span><span><span>hPa</span></span></span></span></span></span><span> to </span><span><span><span><span><span>0.1</span><span>,</span><span><span>hPa</span></span></span></span></span></span><span>).</span></p> </li> </ul> <h3><span>Reference Publication</span></h3> <p><span>This methodology, incorporating only ACE-FTS data and various minor algorithmic developments, is based on the following publication:</span></p> <p><span>Dhomse, S. S. and Chipperfield, M. P.: Using machine learning to construct TOMCAT model and occultation measurement-based stratospheric methane (TCOM-CH4) and nitrous oxide (TCOM-N2O) profile data sets, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5105–5120, </span><a title="null" href="https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5105-2023"><span>https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5105-2023</span></a><span>, 2023.</span></p>
Population-scale skeletal muscle single-nucleus multi-omic profiling reveals extensive context specific genetic regulation
<p>Data accompanying the manuscript "Population-scale skeletal muscle single-nucleus multi-omic profiling reveals extensive context specific genetic regulation".</p> <p>Note: For ATAC fragment files, e,caQTL full cis scan summary files, clustering objects, please see the CMDGA portal (https://cmdga.org/search/?searchTerm=stephen-parker%3AVarshney2024)<br>For raw data including fastq files, please see dbGaP repo phs001048.v3.p1</p> <p>Data in this repository includes:</p> <p>Filename: Description</p> <p>1. list of 8,666 genes for which exon-only counts were considered. See methods section "Adjusting RNA counts for overlapping gene annotations" in the manuscript.</p> <p>2. nucleus_sample_cluster_map.tsv: nucleus-sample-cluster map with other QC info. <br># index: nucleus identified syntax <modality>.<batch>.NM.<10X channel>.<barcode> <br># UMAP_1, UMAP_2: UMAP coordinates for visualization<br># modality: rna or atac<br># batch: processing batch identifier<br># hqaa_umi: high quality autosomal alignments (HQAA) for atac nuclei, unique molecular identifier (UMI) for tna <br># fraction_mitochondrial: fraction of reads mapping to the mitochondrial genome<br># cohort: sample cohort<br># tss_enrichment: TSS enrichment for atac nuclei<br># coarse_cluster_name: cluster name</p> <p>3. peaks.tar.gz: snATAC peak features including:<br># consensus-summits.bed: consensus summits along with the cell type that the summits was highest in.<br># narrow peaks in clusters<br># consensus summit feature (summit +- 150bp) identified in each cluster - these were used in GWAS enrichments.</p> <p>4. snrna-cell-type-specific-genes.tsv: Normalized expression scores for genes in each cell-type cluster</p> <p>5. eqtl_permute.tar.gz: Permutation scan eQTL in each cell-type cluster. Columns: <br># variant: syntax <chrom>:<hg38 pos>:<ref>:<alt><br># effect_allele: effect allele (was the alt allele)<br># other_allele: non-effect allele<br># feature: gene name<br># featureCoordinates_tss: gene TSS<br># p-value: nominal p value<br># beta: slope/beta of the linear regression. Keyed on the alt allele<br># se: standard error of the slope<br># snp: SNP ID<br># strand: gene strand<br># n_variants_tested: number of variants tested for the gene<br># distance_var_pheno: distance of the variant with the gene TSS<br># n_effective_tests: number of effective tests<br># p_beta: beta distribution adjusted p value<br># qvalue: qvalue (Storey)</p> <p>6. caqtl_permute.tar.gz: # Permutation scan caQTL in each cell-type cluster. Columns: <br># variant: syntax <chrom>:<hg38 pos>:<ref>:<alt><br># effect_allele: effect allele (was the alt allele)<br># other_allele: non-effect allele<br># feature: peak feature coordinates<br># p-value: nominal p value<br># beta: slope/beta of the linear regression. Keyed on the alt allele<br># se: standard error of the slope<br># snp: SNP ID<br># n_variants_tested: number of variants tested for the gene<br># distance_var_pheno: distance of the variant with the gene TSS<br># n_effective_tests: number of effective tests<br># p_beta: beta distribution adjusted p value<br># qvalue: qvalue (Storey)</p> <p>7. eqtl_credible_sets.tar.gz: # eQTL credible set. The file name denotes the egene and the signal hit id. Bed file columns: <br># 1: snp chromosome<br># 2: snp start<br># 3: snp end<br># 4: snp chrom_pos_ref_alt<br># 5: Bayes Factor <br># 6: PIP<br># 7: SNP rsid</p> <p>8. caqtl_credible_sets.tar.gz: # caqtl credible set. The file name denotes the capeak and the signal hit id. Bed file columns: <br># 1: snp chromosome<br># 2: snp start<br># 3: snp end<br># 4: snp chrom_pos_ref_alt<br># 5: Bayes Factor <br># 6: PIP<br># 7: SNP rsid</p> <p>9. cicero_all.tar.gz # Cicero coaccessibility results. Columns<br># Peak 1: Macs2 narrowpeak coordinate for peak 1<br># Peak 2: Macs2 narrowpeak coordinate for peak 2<br># coaccess: Cicero coaccessibility score</p> <p>10. cicero_gene_tss.tar.gz: Cicero coaccessibility results between peak and genes. Macs2 narrow peaks in the TSS+1kb upstream region are assigned that gene name. Columns<br># Cicero coaccessibility results between peak and genes. Macs2 narrow peaks in the TSS+1kb upstream region are assigned that gene name.Columns<br># Peak 1: Macs2 narrowpeak coordinate for peak 1<br># gene_name: Assigned gene<br># Peak 2: Macs2 narrowpeak coordinate for peak 2<br># coaccess: Cicero coaccessibility score<br>## Peak1 is the narrowpeak in the TSS region, peak2 is the distal peak</p> <p>11. mash.tar.gz Mashr results for e/caQTL - lfsr, posterior means and posterior SD for each tested eSNP-eGene, caSNP-caPeak pair. </p> <p>12. cellregmap.tar.gz: Cellregmap results for endothelial nucleus-level eQTL scans.<br>## Persistent genetic effect beta_g was calculated in a simple association model. <br>## An interaction model was fit to test for GxC effect. columns:<br># rho1, g2, e1, and eps2 are variance component measures outputs from CellRegMap corresponding to interaction, genetic, environment and residual variance components. <br># p_nominal: nominal p from cellRegMap<br># kind: model kind in CellRegMap - simple association or interaction<br># beta_g: Persistent genetic effect<br># gene_name: gene name for eQTL or peak feature name for caQTL<br># context: context used either factors (continuous) or subclusters (discrete)<br># snp: index snp for which model is fit. This is the most significant identified snp from our standard e,caQTL scans. chrom-hg38pos-rsid</p> <p><br>13. coloc-eqtl-caqtl.tsv: # Summary of eQTL-caQTL coloc in each cluster. Columns:<br># nsnps: Number of SNPs in the region<br># eqtl_hit: SNP with the highest Bayes factor in the SuSiE eQTL credible set<br># caqtl_hit: SNP with the highest Bayes factor in the SuSiE caQTL credible set<br># PP.H0.abf: Coloc posterior probability for no signal<br># PP.H1.abf: Coloc posterior probability for signal in dataset 1<br># PP.H2.abf: Coloc posterior probability for signal in dataset 2<br># PP.H3.abf: Coloc posterior probability for different signals in datasets 1 and 2<br># PP.H4.abf: Coloc posterior probability for shared signal in datasets 1 and 2<br># idx1: Index of the SuSiE credible set for dataset 1<br># idx2: Index of the SuSiE credible set for dataset 2<br># cluster: cluster name<br># egene: eGene name<br># capeak: caPeak coordinates</p> <p>14. cit-mrs-summary.tsv: Summary from CIT and MR Steiger directionality tests. Columns:<br># cluster: cluster name<br># egene: eGene name<br># capeak: caPeak coordinates<br># eqhit: SNP with the highest Bayes factor in the SuSiE eQTL credible set<br># cahit: SNP with the highest Bayes factor in the SuSiE caQTL credible set<br># p.cit_c_c-e: P value for CIT causal cahit-ca-to-e model<br># q.cit_c_c-e: q value for CIT causal cahit-ca-to-e model<br># p.cit_rc_c-e: P value for CIT reverse-causal eqhit-ca-to-e model <br># q.cit_rc_c-e: value for CIT reverse-causal eqhit-ca-to-e model <br># p.cit_c_e-c: P value for CIT causal eqhit-e-to-ca model<br># q.cit_c_e-c: q value for CIT causal eqhit-e-to-ca model<br># p.cit_rc_e-c: P value for CIT reverse-causal cahit-e-to-ca model <br># q.cit_rc_e-c: q value for CIT reverse-causal cahit-e-to-ca model <br># cit_direction: Direction inferred from CIT <br># correct_causal_direction--ca-to-e: MR Steiger directionality test - is ca-to-e direction correct?<br># correct_causal_direction--e-to-ca: MR Steiger directionality test - is e-to-ca direction correct?<br># sensitivity_ratio--ca-to-e: MR Steiger Sensitivity ratio for ca-to-e model <br># sensitivity_ratio--e-to-ca: MR Steiger Sensitivity ratio for e-to-ca model<br># steiger_test--ca-to-e: MR Steiger directionality test P value for ca-to-e model<br># steiger_test--e-to-ca: MR Steiger directionality test P value for e-to-ca model<br># steiger_q--ca-to-e: MR Steiger directionality test q value for ca-to-e model<br># steiger_q--e-to-ca: MR Steiger directionality test q value for e-to-ca model<br># mrs_direction: Direction inferred from MR Steiger<br># direction: Direction inferred requiring consistent results between CIT and MR Steiger directionality test</p> <p>15. coloc-gwas-eqtl.tsv and<br>16. coloc-gwas-caqtl.tsv # Summary of e/caQTL coloc with GWAS in each cluster. Columns:<br># nsnps: Number of SNPs in the region<br># gwas_hit: SNP with the highest bayes factor in the SuSiE GWAS credible set<br># eqtl_hit: SNP with the highest bayes factor in the SuSiE eQTL credible set<br># caqtl_hit: SNP with the highest bayes factor in the SuSiE caQTL credible set<br># PP.H0.abf: Coloc posterior probability for no signal<br># PP.H1.abf: Coloc posterior probability for signal in dataset 1<br># PP.H2.abf: Coloc posterior probability for signal in dataset 2<br># PP.H3.abf: Coloc posterior probability for different signal in datasets 1 and 2<br># PP.H4.abf: Coloc posterior probability for shared signal in datasets 1 and 2<br># idx1: Index of the SuSiE credible set for dataset 1<br># idx2: Index of the SuSiE credible set for dataset 2<br># cluster: cluster name<br># egene: eGene name<br># capeak: caPeak coordinates<br># p12min: Min prior p12 where the PP H4 > 0.5. Lower this value, more robust is the colocalization<br># trait: GWAS trait name<br># gwas_locus: GWAS locus name for the coloc test - a 250kb left and right flanking genomic window on this SNP was considered for testing coloc between all pairs of GWAS/QTL signals identified in this region <br># traitname: Expanded GWAS trait name<br># variable_type: GWAS type <br># source: Source of GWAS - either UKBB or other study</p> <p>17. supplementary_tables.xlsx: Supplementary tables from the manuscript.<br>Information included in sheets:<br>1. "marker_genes": Marker genes known from literature used to annotate clusters<br>2. "n_nuclei": n pass-QC nuclei per modality-sample-cluster</p> <p>2. "snrna_GO_enrichment": GO term enrichment: matrix of cluster vs top 2 GO terms</p> <p>3. "qtl_scan_info": e/caQTL scan info<br>cluster: cluster<br>ntested_eqtl: N genes tested for eQTL<br>nsig_eqtl: N significant (5% FDR) eGenes<br>n_pheno_pcs_eqtl: N phenotype PCs considered for eQTL<br>ratio_eqtl: Ratio of N eGenes/N genes tested<br>nsig_caqtl: N peaks tested for caQTL<br>ntested_caqtl: N significant (5% FDR) caPeaks<br>n_pheno_pcs_caqtl: N phenotype PCs considered for caQTL<br>ratio_caqtl: Ratio of N caPeaks/N peaks tested<br>nsamples_eqtl: N samples for eQTL<br>nsamples_caqtl: N samples for caQTL</p> <p>4. "gwas_trait_list": GWAS trait info<br>trait: GWAS trait ID<br>traitname: GWAS trait description<br>variable_type: GWAS type. case/control (cc), continuous_irnt=continuous inverse-normal transformed<br>source: GWAS source<br>doi: GWAS study DOI</p> <p>5. "traits_in_ldsc_baseline" - list of annotations included in the baseline model for LDSC</p> <p>6. "gwas_enrichment_in_peaks" GWAS enrichment in cluster peaks (S-LDSC)</p> <p>7. "gwas_enrichment_in_qtl_peaks" GWAS enrichment in QTL peaks (fGWAS) # fGWAS results comparing GWAS enrichment in type 1 annotations<br>CI_lower_ln, estimate_ln, CI_upper_ln: natural log of lower confidence interval, estimate, and upper confidence interval<br>trait: trait id<br>traitname: trait name<br>annotation: annotation<br>sig: 1 if CIs don't overlap 0, otherwise 0</p> <p>8. t2d_gwas_caqtl_coloc and<br>9. t2d_gwas_eqtl_coloc:<br>Summary of e,caQTL coloc with T2D GWAS in each cluster, along with target gene nominations. Columns:<br>nsnps: Number of SNPs in the region<br>gwas_hit: SNP with the highest bayes factor in the SuSiE GWAS credible set<br>eqtl_hit: SNP with the highest bayes factor in the SuSiE eQTL credible set<br>caqtl_hit: SNP with the highest bayes factor in the SuSiE caQTL credible set<br>PP.H0.abf: Coloc posterior probability for no signal<br>PP.H1.abf: Coloc posterior probability for signal in dataset 1<br>PP.H2.abf: Coloc posterior probability for signal in dataset 2<br>PP.H3.abf: Coloc posterior probability for different signal in datasets 1 and 2<br>PP.H4.abf: Coloc posterior probability for shared signal in datasets 1 and 2<br>idx1: Index of the SuSiE credible set for dataset 1<br>idx2: Index of the SuSiE credible set for dataset 2<br>cluster: cluster name<br>egene: eGene name<br>capeak: caPeak coordinates<br>p12min: Min prior p12 where the PP H4 > 0.5. Lower this value, more robust is the colocalization<br>trait: GWAS trait id<br>diamante_gwas_locus: GWAS signal from the DIAMANTE 2018 study. Some signals that our SuSiE runs identified were not present in the original study in which case this column is NA<br>traitname: Expanded GWAS trait name<br>capeak_in_tss: caPeak in TSS + 1kb upstream region of a gene<br>gene_target_standard_cicero: caPeak coaccessible with TSS peak of a gene considering nuclei from all samples for co-accessibility<br>gene_target_allelic_cicero: caPeak coaccessible with TSS peak of a gene considering nuclei from samples homozygous for the caSNP allele associated with increased accessibility<br>gwashit_nominal_egene: gwas_hit nominally associated with these genes nominated in the columns capeak_in_tss, gene_target_standard_cicero, and gene_target_allelic_cicero</p> <p>10. MPRA results for the C2CD4A locus</p>
Data from: What goes in must come out? The metabolic profile of plants and caterpillars, frass, and adults of Asota (Erebidae: Aganainae) feeding on Ficus (Moraceae) in New Guinea
<p>Insect herbivores have evolved a broad spectrum of adaptations in response to the diversity of chemical defences employed by plants. Here we focus on two species of New Guinean Asota and determine how these specialist moths deal with the leaf alkaloids of their fig (Ficus) hosts. As each focal Asota species is restricted to one of three chemically distinct species of Ficus, we also test whether these specialized interactions lead to similar alkaloid profiles in both Asota species. We reared Asota caterpillars on their respective Ficus hosts in natural conditions and analyzed the alkaloid profiles of leaf, frass, caterpillar, and adult moth samples using UHPLC–MS/MS analyses. We identified 43 alkaloids in our samples. Leaf alkaloids showed various fates. Some were excreted in frass or found in caterpillars and adult moths. We also found two apparently novel indole alkaloids likely synthesized de novo by the moths or their microbiota—in both caterpillar and adult tissue but not in leaves or frass. Overall, alkaloids unique or largely restricted to insect tissue were shared across moth species despite feeding on different hosts. This indicates that a limited number of plant compounds have a direct ecological function that is conserved among the studied species. Our results provide evidence for the importance of phytochemistry and metabolic strategies in the formation of plant–insect interactions and food webs in general. Furthermore, we provide a new potential example of insects acquiring chemicals for their benefit in an ecologically relevant insect genus.</p>
Vertical profiles of stable water isotopes and thermodynamic properties from research flights during the L-WAIVE field campaign in June 2019
<p>This datasets contains the measurements of stable water isotopes conducted during the Lacustrine-Water vApor Isotope inVentory Experiment (L-WAIVE) field campaign taking place in June 2019 in the Annecy valley in the French Alps (Chazette et al. 2021). The measurements were conducted using a Picarro laser spectrometer L2130-i that was installed on an ultralight aircraft. The Picarro measurements of atmospheric humidity are merged measurements of thermodynamic properties by a fast-response temperature and humidity probe (iMet XQ-2; see also Chazette et al. 2021) interpolated on 10s temporal resolution.</p> <p>The data is provided on a one file per flight. All variables are described in README.</p> <p>This dataset has been used in Thurnherr et al. (submitted) for a comparison study of stable water isotopes measurements from various platforms and COSMOiso model simulations.</p>
3D simulations of TRAPPIST-1e with varying CO2, CH4 and haze profiles [dataset]
<p>Dataset of 3D simulations of TRAPPIST-1e with varying CO2, CH4 and haze profiles</p><p> </p><p>Using a 3D General Circulation Model, the Unified Model, we present results from simulations of a tidally locked TRAPPIST-1e with varying CO2 and CH4 gas concentrations, and their corresponding prescribed spherical haze profiles. Our results show that the presence of CO2 leads to a warmer atmosphere globally due to its greenhouse effect, with the increase of surface temperature on the day side surface up to ∼14.1 K, and on the night side up to ∼21.2 K. The presence of CH4 can lead to a peak in the change of surface temperature on the day side due to the balance of tropospheric warming and stratospheric cooling. A thin layer of haze, formed when CH4/CO2 = 0.1, leads to a day side warming of ∼4.9 K due to a change in the water vapour and cloud distribution. The haze reaches an optical threshold thickness when CH4/CO2 ∼0.4 beyond which the day side mean surface temperature does not vary much. The planet is more favourable to habitability (surface temperature above 273.15 K) when pCO2 is high, pCH4 is low and the haze layer is thin. The effect of CO2, CH4 and haze on the day side is similar to that for a rapidly-rotating planet. On the contrary, their effect on the night side depends on the wind structure and the wind speed in the simulation.</p>
Transcriptional profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells identifies inflammatory phenotypes in ataxia telangiectasia
<p>This is an AnnData object in h5ad (hdf5) format containing de-identified bulk RNA-seq gene expression matrices from PBMCs. These data are related to the study entitled "Transcriptional profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells identifies inflammatory phenotypes in ataxia telangiectasia". </p><p>This AnnData object contains a table of sample-specific metadata (`obs`), gene-specific metadata (`var`), and multiple gene expression matrices stored as `layers`. These layers include raw counts, DEseq2 normalized counts, vst normalized counts, and rlog normalized counts. Some additional layers include regressed versions of the previously mentioned counts matrices, where sequencing batch (`cohort` in the obs table) has been regressed out using the `combat` tool. The layer `rlog_combat_regressed_batch` is recommended for downstream processing, and has been loaded into the `X` slot of the anndata object for convenience. </p><p>The md5sum of this h5ad file is listed here: 04d7c6c549fb37cf730a5dca7897f86f</p><p>Opening and working with AnnData objects in h5ad format requires the use of the `anndata` python library (https://github.com/scverse/anndata). </p>
Vertical profiles of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction observed using UAV over the Mukhrino peatland in June 2022
<p>Vertical profiles of air temperature and relative humidity were measured using the iMetXQ2 sensor onboard DJI Phantom 4 quad-copter; vertical profiles of wind speed and direction were obtained from the Phantom 4 flight logs as produced by the DJI proprietary algorithm. </p>
Phylogenetic analysis, morphological studies, element profiling, and muscarine detection reveal a new toxic Inosperma (Inocybaceae, Agaricales) species from tropical China
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Net load profile for a 10 MWh hydrogen storage system
<p><i>Subject: <strong>Energy</strong></i></p><p><i>Specific subject area: <strong>Hydrogen Storage Modelling</strong></i></p><p><i>Data format: <strong>Raw</strong></i></p><p><i>Data source: <strong>Simulation </strong></i></p><p><i>Data format: <strong>Table</strong></i></p><p><i>Type of data: <strong>Timeseries </strong></i></p><p><i>Date format:<strong> YYYY-MM-GG hh:mm:ss</strong></i></p><p><i>Resolution: <strong>1 hour</strong></i></p><p><i>Units: <strong>Watt [W]</strong></i></p><p> </p><p><strong>Description</strong></p><p>This dataset encompasses 102 net-load, each serving as a guide for either charging or discharging a hydrogen energy storage system with a 0.4 roundtrip efficiency. These profiles correspond to a variety of power energy services.</p><p>Two primary characteristics distinguish each power energy service in the dataset:</p><ul><li>The length of the discharge period refers to the duration over which the stored energy is released.</li><li>The number of charge/discharge cycles within a year indicates how often the service is delivered.</li></ul><p>Although these characteristics vary among the different services, the energy fed to the storage remains constant at 10 MWh per cycle. The unique aspect is the rate at which this stored energy is delivered to fulfill varying power demands, which differs according to each service's specific profile.</p><p>In terms of interpreting the net-load profiles:</p><ul><li>A positive value in a profile signifies a phase of charging, indicating that excess generation is being stored.</li><li>A negative value, on the other hand, denotes a discharge phase, where the storage system delivers a power energy service.</li></ul>
Moving vessel profiler (MVP) transects from PolarFront 2022-05 cruise
<p><strong>MVP transects 2022-05</strong></p> <p><span>The Moving Vessel Profiler (MVP) was deployed to collect data with high-spatial resolution along transects aiming to cross the front. Instruments contained in the profiling unit ("fish") of the winch were a CTD (AML µCTD), a fluorescence sensor (WETLABS) and a laser optical plankton counter (LOPC). </span></p> <p><span>Together the instruments yield data on the physical environment, phytoplankton, zooplankton and other particle distributions.</span></p> <p><span>Weather conditions during the cruise allowed sampling along two transects (S1 and parts of S2). However, S1 did not cross the polar front due to too thick ice cover in the North. The south (waves to high) and north (ice) of transect S2 were sampled by a different platform, data elsewhere, together resulting in a complete transect crossing the front.</span></p> <p><span>Coverage</span></p> <p><span>Transect S1 start: 75 N, 29 30' E, 20 May at 06:57 UTC<br></span><span>Transect S1 end: 75 55' N, 29 54' E, 20 May at 16:16 UTC</span></p> <p><span>Transect S2 start: 75 24' N, 29 E, 23 May at 16:03 UTC<br></span><span>Transect S2 end: 76 43' N, 29 30' E, 24 May at 03:43 UTC</span></p> <p>S1: 2022-05-20T06:57Z/2022-05-20T06:57Z<br>S2: 2022-05-23T16:16Z/2022-05-24T03:43Z </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.