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986 results for “classic”
Data from: Reconciling nutritional geometry with classical dietary restriction: effects of nutrient intake, not calories, on survival and reproduction
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Data from: Creating a multi-track classical music performance dataset for multi-modal music analysis: challenges, insights, and applications
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Revisiting a classic hybrid zone: movement of the northern flicker hybrid zone in contemporary times
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Data from: A molecular phylogeny of Staphyleaceae: implications for generic delimitation and classical biogeographic disjunctions in the family
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Data from: Weak disruptive selection and incomplete phenotypic divergence in two classic examples of sympatric speciation: Cameroon crater lake cichlids
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Phylogenomic analysis does not support a classic but controversial hypothesis of progenitor-derivative origins for the serpentine endemic Clarkia franciscana
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The Annotated Corpus of Classical Tibetan (ACTib) - Version 2.0 (Segmented & POS-tagged)
<p>This corpus consisting of >185 million tokens is a segmented and part-of-speech tagged version of</p> <p>Wallman, Jeff, Rowinski, Zach, Ngawang Trinley, Tomlinson, Chris, & Keutzer, Kurt. (2017). Collection of Tibetan etexts compiled by the Buddhist Digital Resource Center [Data set]. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.821218</p> <p>using the training data of</p> <p>Hill, Nathan W., & Garrett, Edward. (2017). A part-of-speech (POS) tagged corpus of Classical Tibetan [Data set]. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.574878</p> <p>The code for segmenting and POS tagging any Tibetan file can be found on GitHub.</p> <p>This Version 2 of ACTib is based on the same XML files as ACTib Version 1 (http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.823707), but contains both segmented and POS-tagged files and is improved in a number of ways, although post-processing was still done automatically and no manual correction was involved. For details of this improved annotation method see:</p> <p>Meelen, Marieke, Roux, Élie & Hill, Nathan (forthcoming). 'Optimisation of the largest annotated Tibetan corpus combining rule-based, memory-based & deep-learning methods' in <em>TALLIP.</em></p>
FIG. 8 in The use of animals in Northern Mesoamerica, between the Classic and the Conquest (200-1521 AD). An attempt at regional synthesis on central Mexico
FIG. 8. — Right mandible of Geomyidae (cf. Cratogeomys sp.) from Mich.31 showing evidences of cooking: burnt marks are located on the most prominent part of the bone, lateral side. Scale bar = 1 cm
FIG. 2 in The use of animals in Northern Mesoamerica, between the Classic and the Conquest (200-1521 AD). An attempt at regional synthesis on central Mexico
FIG. 2. — Graphical representation of NSP, NISP and NTAXA in the different assemblages. Sites where sieving has been done are indicated by (Y).
FIG. 3 in The use of animals in Northern Mesoamerica, between the Classic and the Conquest (200-1521 AD). An attempt at regional synthesis on central Mexico
FIG. 3. — Matrix of the nestedness analysis on taxonomic list per site (black=present; white=absent) showing a high
Data from: False exclusion: a case to embed predator performance in classical population models
We argue that predator-prey dynamics, a cornerstone of ecology, can be driven by insufficiently-explored aspects of predator performance that are inherently prey-dependent: i.e., these have been falsely excluded. Classical -Lotka Volterra based- models tend to only consider prey-dependent ingestion rate. We highlight three other prey-dependent responses and provide empirically-derived functions to describe them. These functions introduce neglected nonlinearities and threshold behaviours into dynamic models leading to unexpected outcomes: specifically, as prey abundance increases predators: 1) become less efficient at using prey; 2) initially allocate resources towards survival and then allocate resources towards reproduction; and 3) are less likely to die. Based on experiments using model-zooplankton, we explore consequences of including these functions in the classical structure and show they alter qualitative and quantitative dynamics of an empirically-informed, generic predator-prey model. Through bifurcation analysis, our revised structure predicts: 1) predator extinctions, where the classical structure allows persistence; 2) predator survival, where the classical structure drives predators towards extinction; and 3) greater stability through smaller amplitude of cycles, relative to the classical structure. Then, by exploring parameter space, we show how these responses alter predictions of predator-prey stability and competition between predators. Based on our results, we suggest that classical assumptions about predator responses to prey abundance should be re-evaluated.
Data from: Head shape modulates diversification of a classic cichlid pharyngeal jaw innovation
Functional innovations are often invoked to explain the uneven distribution of ecological diversity. Innovations may provide access to new adaptive zones by expanding available ecological opportunities and may serve as catalysts of adaptive radiation. However, diversity is often unevenly distributed within clades that share a key innovation, highlighting the possibility that the impact of the innovation is mediated by other traits. Pharyngognathy is a widely recognized innovation of the pharyngeal jaws that enhances the ability to process hard and tough prey in several major radiations of fishes, including marine wrasses and freshwater cichlids. We explored diversification of lower pharyngeal jaw shape, a key feature of pharyngognathy, and the extent to which it is influenced by head shape in Neotropical cichlids. While pharyngeal jaw shape was unaffected by either head length or head depth, its disparity declined dramatically with increasing head width. Head width also predicted the rate of pharyngeal jaw evolution such that higher rates were associated with narrow heads. Wide heads are associated with exploiting prey that require intense processing by pharyngeal jaws that have expanded surfaces for the attachment of enlarged muscles. However, we show that a wide head constrains access to adaptive peaks associated with several trophic roles. A constraint on the independent evolution of pharyngeal jaw and head shape may explain the uneven distribution of ecological diversity within a clade that shares a major functional innovation.
Supplementary material 1 from: Seehausen ML, Afonso C, Jactel H, Kenis M (2021) Classical biological control against insect pests in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East: What influences its success? NeoBiota 65: 169-191. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.65.66276
Supplementary tables and figures
A Peacock Bass (Cichla) functional novelty relaxes a constraint imposed by the classic cichlid pharyngeal jaw innovation
Innovations may provide access to new resources but often result in significant trade-offs. Pharyngognathy is a classic pharyngeal jaw innovation in which the left and right lower pharyngeal jaw (LPJ) bones are united into a single structure, producing a strong bite but reduced gape. Throughout cichlids, pharyngeal suturing occurs along the entire medial border between LPJ bones, except in Peacock bass (Cichla), where these bones are connected by ligaments only in their anterior region. We show that this limited attachment permits the jaw bones to spread apart and we link this feature to an increase in pharyngeal gape that is comparable to non-pharyngognathous species. The capacity of the LPJ bones to spread apart is strongest in juveniles and is mostly lost during development. Juvenile Cichla exhibit size-specific pharyngeal gape similar to non-pharyngognathous percomorphs, but adults exhibit pharyngeal gape on par with other predatory cichlids. Relaxation of pharyngeal suturing offsets a major deleterious consequence of pharyngognathy by reducing gape limitation and we propose this may accelerate the ontogenetic transition to piscivory. Partial reversal of the classic cichlid pharyngeal jaw innovation highlights the functional trade-offs that often accompany innovations and may be a major cause of variation in their macroevolutionary consequences.
Data from: Intermediate kinematics produce inferior feeding performance in a classic case of natural hybridization
Selection on naturally-occurring hybrid individuals is a key component of speciation theory, but few studies examine the functional basis of hybrid performance. We examine the functional consequences of hybridization in nature using the freshwater sunfishes (Centrarchidae), where natural hybrids have been studied for over a century and a half. We examined bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus), and their naturally-occurring hybrid using prey capture kinematics and morphology to parameterize suction feeding simulations on divergent parental resources. Hybrid individuals exhibited intermediate kinematics between the two parental species. However, performance assays indicated that hybrids display performance most similar to the worse-performing species for a given parental resource. Our results show that intermediate hybrid phenotypes can be impaired by a less than intermediate performance and hence suffer a larger loss in fitness than could be inferred from morphology alone.
Data from: Invariant versus classical quartet inference when evolution is heterogeneous across sites and lineages
One reason why classical phylogenetic reconstruction methods fail to correctly infer the underlying topology is because they assume oversimplified models. In this paper we propose a quartet reconstruction method consistent with the most general Markov model of nucleotide substitution, which can also deal with data coming from mixtures on the same topology. Our proposed method uses phylogenetic invariants and provides a system of weights that can be used as input for quartet-based methods. We study its performance on real data and on a wide range of simulated 4-taxon data (both time-homogeneous and nonhomogeneous, with or without among-site rate heterogeneity, and with different branch length settings). We compare it to the classical methods of neighbor-joining (with paralinear distance), maximum likelihood (with different underlying models), and maximum parsimony. Our results show that this method is accurate and robust, has a similar performance to ML when data satisfies the assumptions of both methods, and outperforms the other methods when these are based on inappropriate substitution models. If alignments are long enough, then it also outperforms other methods when some of its assumptions are violated.
Data from: Revisiting Santa Rosalia to unfold a degeneracy of classic models of speciation
Many classic models of speciation incorporate assortative mating based on mating groups, such as plants with different flowering times, and they investigate whether an ecological trait under disruptive natural selection becomes genetically associated with the selectively neutral mating trait. It is well known that this genetic association is potently destroyed by recombination. In this note, we point out a more fundamental difficulty: if a "knife-edge" symmetry assumption of previous models is violated, then the mating trait is no longer neutral and sexual selection eliminates the polymorphism in the mating locus. This result strengthens the growing consensus that magic traits are the more likely route to nonallopatric speciation. We expand the model assuming also ecological selection on the mating trait and investigate the conditions for natural selection to overcome sexual selection and maintain mating polymorphism; we find that the combination of natural and sexual selection can cause also bistability of allele frequencies.
QM and FF input and output files of Li(FSA)(SN)2 classic MD
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Fig. 1 in A Classic Tome Turns 100: W. S. Blatchley's Coleoptera in Indiana
Fig. 1. Title page of Coleoptera in Indiana by W. S. Blatchley.
The new modular Sforzesco brace (MI-brace) is as effective as the classical one: a retrospective controlled study from a prospective cohort
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.