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Figs 22–24 in Stepwise and cooperative assembly of a cytokinetic core complex in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Figs 22–24. Orthogonius pseudocheni Tian & Deuve, 2006. 22. habitus, male; 23–24. aedeagus, lateral view and apical lamella, dorsal view.

Figs 19–21 in Stepwise and cooperative assembly of a cytokinetic core complex in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Figs 19–21. Orthogonius macrophthalmus Tian & Deuve, 2013. 19. habitus, male; 20–21. aedeagus, lateral view and apical lamella, dorsal view.

Figs 16–18. Orthogonius angustus Chaudoir, 1871. 16 in Stepwise and cooperative assembly of a cytokinetic core complex in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Figs 16–18. Orthogonius angustus Chaudoir, 1871. 16. habitus, male; 17–18. aedeagus, lateral view and apical lamella, dorsal view.

Figs 10–12. Orthogonius picipennis Chaudoir, 1871. 10 in Stepwise and cooperative assembly of a cytokinetic core complex in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Figs 10–12. Orthogonius picipennis Chaudoir, 1871. 10. habitus, holotype, male; 11–12. aedeagus, lateral view and apical lamella, dorsal view.

Figs 6–9 in Stepwise and cooperative assembly of a cytokinetic core complex in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Figs 6–9. Adeagus of Orthogonius punctum sp. nov., lateral view and dorsal view for apical lamella. 6–7. paratype, from NongNai, S. Vietnam; 8–9. paratype, male, from Khao Lak, S. Thailand.

Figs 4–5 in Stepwise and cooperative assembly of a cytokinetic core complex in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Figs 4–5. Habitus of Orthogonius punctum sp. nov. 4. paratype, male, from NongNai, S. Vietnam; 5. paratype, male, from Khao Lak, S. Thailand.

Figs 1–3 in Stepwise and cooperative assembly of a cytokinetic core complex in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Figs 1–3. Orthogonius pectinatus sp. nov. 1. habitus, holotype, male; 2–3. aedeagus, lateral view and apical lamella, dorsal view.

Figs 13–15 in Stepwise and cooperative assembly of a cytokinetic core complex in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Figs 13–15. Orthogonius nigripes Tian & Deuve, 2000. 13. habitus, male; 14–15. aedeagus, lateral view and apical lamella, dorsal view.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Data for 'Cooperative thalamocortical circuit mechanism for sensory prediction errors'

Data and code for 'Cooperative thalamocortical circuit mechanism for sensory prediction errors' Nature (2024) DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07851-w

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

ROLE OF MULTINATIONAL COOPERATION IN ADDRESSING ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES IN NIGER DELTA REGION OF NIGERIA

This paper examines the environmental and socio-economic impacts of multinational oil companies' operations in Nigeria's Niger Delta region. Despite substantial contributions to Nigeria’s economy, these corporations' activities have led to severe environmental degradation, including oil spills, gas flaring, and deforestation, which have devastated local ecosystems and compromised human health. The Niger Delta, rich in biodiversity and natural resources, suffers from pollution and poor waste management, resulting in impoverished communities with limited access to essential services such as healthcare and education. The study highlights the complex interplay between economic benefits and the detrimental consequences of resource exploitation, emphasizing the role of poor governance and inadequate regulatory frameworks in perpetuating these challenges. The persistent neglect and environmental harm have fueled militancy and violence, further destabilizing the region. The discussions also explores the potential for multinational oil companies to mitigate these environmental challenges. By implementing advanced technologies and best practices, these companies can reduce environmental damage and promote sustainable operations. Their investments in clean technology, local economies, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives can alleviate socio-economic pressures that contribute to environmental degradation. Collaboration with governments, NGOs, and communities is essential for developing comprehensive strategies for environmental protection, ensuring transparency, accountability, and support for local initiatives. Th

opencc-zeroDec 2019View details →

Predator defense is shaped by risk, brood value and social group benefits in a cooperative breeder

Predation is a major cause of mortality and nest failure in birds. Cooperative predator defense can enhance nest success and adult survival, but since it is inherently risky, dynamic risk assessment theory predicts that individuals modify defense behavior according to risk posed by the predator. Parental investment theory on the other hand predicts that reproductive payoffs (brood value) determine investment in nest defense. We propose that in cooperative breeders, fitness benefits deriving from survival of other group members may additionally influence defense behavior (social group benefits theory). We tested predictions of these theories in the cooperatively breeding purple-crowned fairy-wren, Malurus coronatus, where brood value is higher for breeders, but social group benefits more important for helpers. We recorded experimentally-induced individual defense behaviors in response to predator models presented near nests, representing differing levels of threat to nests and adults. As predicted, (i) individuals engaged in less risky defenses when encountering a more dangerous predator (dynamic risk assessment theory); (ii) individuals defended older broods more often, and breeders defended more than helpers (parental investment theory); and (iii) helpers were more likely to respond to a predator of adults (social group benefits theory). Our findings highlight that predator defense in cooperative breeders is complex, shaped by the combination of immediate risk and multiple benefits.

opencc-zeroApr 2020View details →

Honest signalling of cooperative intentions

Trust can transform conflicting interests into cooperation. But how can individuals know when to trust others? Here, I develop the theory that reputation building may signal cooperative intent, or 'trustworthiness'. I model a simple representation of this theory in which individuals (1) optionally invest in a reputation by performing costly helpful behaviour ('signalling'); (2) optionally use others' reputations when choosing a partner; and (3) optionally cooperate with that partner. In evolutionary simulations, high levels of reputation building; of choosing partners based on reputation; and of cooperation within partnerships emerged. Costly helping behaviour evolved into an honest signal of trustworthiness when it was adaptive for cooperators, relative to defectors, to invest in the long-term benefits of a reputation for helping. I show using game theory that this occurs when cooperators gain larger marginal benefits from investing in signalling than do defectors. This happens without the usual costly signalling assumption that individuals are of two 'types' which differ in quality. Signalling of trustworthiness may help explain phenomena such as philanthropy, pro-sociality, collective action, punishment, and advertising in humans and may be particularly applicable to courtship in other animals.

opencc-zeroJun 2021View details →

Early social deprivation shapes neuronal programming of the social decision-making network in a cooperatively breeding fish

The early social environment an animal experiences may have pervasive effects on its behaviour. The Social Decision-Making network (SDMN), consisting of interconnected brain nuclei from the forebrain and midbrain, is involved in the regulation of behaviours during social interactions. In species with advanced sociality such as cooperative breeders, offspring are exposed to a large number and a great diversity of social interactions every day of their early life, which may have life-long consequences on the development of several neurophysiological systems within the SDMN, although these effects are largely unknown. We studied these life-long effects in a cooperatively breeding fish, Neolamprologus pulcher, focusing on the expression in the SDMN of genes involved in the monoaminergic and stress response systems. N. pulcher fry were raised until an age of two months either with their parents, subordinate helpers and same clutch siblings (+F), or with same clutch siblings only (-F). Analysis of the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mineralcorticoid receptors (MR), corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), dopamine receptors 1 and 2, serotonin transporter (SERT) and DNA methyltransferase I (DNMT1) genes showed that early social experiences altered the neurogenomic state of the preoptic area (POA) of the hypothalamus. The dopamine receptor 1 gene was up-regulated in the POA of -F fish, compared to +F fish. -F fish also showed up-regulation of GR1 expression in the dorsal medial telencephalon (homologous to the basolateral amygdala). Our results suggest that early social environment has life-long effects on the development of several neurophysiological systems within the SDMN. --

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

Data from: Oxidative status and social dominance in a wild cooperative breeder

1. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a key mediator of life-history trade-offs, yet the social factors that affect patterns of oxidative states amongst individuals in animal societies remain virtually unexplored. 2. This is important, as rank-related differences in reproductive effort in many social species have the potential to generate, or indeed arise from, differences in oxidative state across dominance classes. 3. Here, we examine rank-related variation in oxidative states before and after a lengthy breeding season in a wild cooperatively breeding bird with high reproductive skew in the semi-arid zone of Southern Africa; the white-browed sparrow weaver (Plocepasser mahali). 4. Our findings reveal that prior to breeding, neither sex showed rank-related differences in markers of oxidative damage or antioxidant protection, suggesting that dominants' reproductive monopolies do not arise from superior pre-breeding oxidative states. 5. After breeding, however, females (who provision young at higher rates than males) suffered elevated oxidative damage, and dominant females (the only birds to lay and incubate eggs, and the primary nestling provisioners) experienced differential declines in antioxidant protection. 6. While males also showed reduced antioxidant capacity after breeding, this decline was rank-independent and not associated with elevated oxidative damage. 7. Our findings suggest that divisions of labour in animal societies can leave the hardest-working classes differentially exposed to oxidative stress, raising the possibility of hitherto unexplored impacts on health and ageing in social species.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Market forces influence helping behaviour in cooperatively breeding paper wasps

Biological market theory is potentially useful for understanding helping behaviour in animal societies. It predicts that competition for trading partners will affect the value of commodities exchanged. It has gained empirical support in cooperative breeders, where subordinates help dominant breeders in exchange for group membership, but so far without considering one crucial aspect: outside options. We find support for the existence of a biological market in paper wasps, Polistes dominula. We first show that females have a choice of cooperative partners. Second, by manipulating entire subpopulations in the field, we increased the supply of outside options for subordinates, freeing up suitable nesting spots and providing additional nesting partners. We predicted that by intensifying competition for help, our manipulation would force dominants to accept a lower price for group membership. As expected, subordinates reduced their foraging effort following our treatments. We conclude that to accurately predict the amount of help provided, social units cannot be viewed in isolation as has traditionally been done: the surrounding market must also be considered.

opencc-zeroJun 2021View details →

Impacts of additional noise on the social interactions of a cooperatively breeding fish

Anthropogenic noise is a global pollutant known to affect the behaviour of individual animals in all taxa studied. However, there has been relatively little experimental testing of the effects of additional noise on social interactions between conspecifics, despite these forming a crucial aspect of daily life for most species. Here we use established paradigms to investigate how white-noise playback affects both group defensive actions against an intruder and associated within-group behaviours in a model fish species, the cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologus pulcher. Additional noise did not alter defensive behaviour, but did result in changes to within-group behaviour. Both dominant and subordinate females, but not the dominant male, exhibited less affiliation and showed a tendency to produce more submissive displays to groupmates when there was additional noise compared to control conditions. Our experimental results therefore indicate the potential for anthropogenic noise to affect social interactions between conspecifics and that there can be intraspecific variation in the impacts of this global pollutant.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →

Supercurrent parity-meter in a nanowire Cooper-pair transistor

Here, we include raw data and analysis files of our upcoming manuscript named "Supercurrent parity-meter in a nanowire Cooper-pair transistor"

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Behavioural change during dispersal and its relationship to survival and reproduction in a cooperative breeder

(1) The ability of dispersing individuals to adjust their behaviour to changing conditions is instrumental in overcoming challenges and reducing dispersal costs, consequently increasing overall dispersal success. Understanding how dispersers' behaviour and physiology change during the dispersal process, and how they differ from resident individuals, can shed light on the mechanisms by which dispersers increase survival and maximise reproduction. (2) By analysing individual behaviour and concentrations of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM), a stress-associated biomarker, we sought to identify the proximate causes behind differences in survival and reproduction between dispersing and resident meerkats (Suricata suricatta). (3) We used data collected on 67 dispersing and 108 resident females to investigate (i) which individual, social, and environmental factors are correlated to foraging and vigilance, and whether the role of such factors differs among dispersal phases, and between dispersers and residents; (ii) how time allocated to either foraging or vigilance correlated to survival in dispersers and residents; and (iii) the link between aggression and change in fGCM concentration, and their relationship with reproductive rates in dispersing groups and resident groups with either long-established or newly established dominant females. (4) Time allocated to foraging increased across dispersal phases, while time allocated to vigilance decreased. Time allocated to foraging and vigilance correlated positively, and negatively respectively, with dispersers' group size. We did not find a group size effect for residents. High proportions of time allocated to foraging correlated with high survival, and more so in dispersers, suggesting that maintaining good physical condition may reduce mortality during dispersal. Further, while subordinate individuals rarely reproduced in resident groups, the conception rate of subordinates in newly formed dispersing groups was equal to that of their dominant individuals. Mirroring conception rates, in resident groups, fGCM concentrations were lower in subordinates than in dominants, whereas in disperser groups, fGCM concentrations did not differ between subordinates and dominants. (5) Our results, which highlight the relationship between behavioural and physiological factors and demographic rates, provide insights into some of the mechanisms that individuals of a cooperative species can use to increase overall dispersal success.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

Data from: Evidence of economical territory selection in a cooperative carnivore

As an outcome of natural selection, animals are likely adapted to select territories economically by maximizing benefits and minimizing costs of territory ownership. Theory and empirical precedent indicate that a primary benefit of many territories is exclusive access to food resources, and primary costs of defending and using space are associated with competition, travel, and mortality risk. A recently-developed mechanistic model for economical territory selection provided numerous empirically testable predictions. We tested these predictions using location data from gray wolves (Canis lupus) in Montana, USA. The dataset included here contains the territory size estimates for each collared wolf and the characteristics of territories.