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1,457 results for “feedback”
Piezo-Ionic Actuator for Haptic Feedback
<p>This upload contains the dataset for the paper: 'Piezo-Ionic Actuator for Haptic Feedback'. The description of the data can be found in the ReadMe file in the folder.</p>
Data from: Is tropical montane forest heterogeneity promoted by a resource-driven feedback cycle? Evidence from nutrient relations, herbivory and litter decomposition along a topographical gradient
1. Ridges of tropical mountains often differ strikingly from neighbouring ravines in terms of forest structure, productivity, and species composition. This heterogeneity is poorly understood despite its critical role in biodiversity maintenance, carbon and nutrient budgets. 2. We examined measures of tree biomass and productivity, foliage and litter quality (nutrient concentrations, specific leaf mass, phenolics), herbivory and leaf litter decomposition in each six plots laid out in upper and lower slope position in a tropical montane moist forest in southeastern Ecuador. 3. Productivity, quality of foliage and litter and herbivory were significantly lower in upper slope position and closely correlated with soil nutrient concentrations and accumulated humus. The decomposition of upper slope leaf litter (decomposition rate k) was substantially lower than in litter from lower slope forest, whereas the site of decomposition (slope position) only had a marginal effect on the decomposition rate. 4. Our results suggest that the differences in stand structure, productivity, foliar quality, herbivory and decomposition between slope positions are ultimately due to stronger nutrient limitations in upper slope forest. We propose a general conceptual model that explains origin and maintenance of contrasting forest types along topographical gradients through down-slope fluxes of nutrients and water, and a nutrient-driven positive feedback cycle.
Data from: Turning down the heat: vegetation feedbacks limit fire regime responses to global warming
Climate change is projected to dramatically increase boreal wildfire activity, with broad ecological and socio-economic consequences. As global temperatures rise, periods with elevated fire weather are expected to increase in frequency and duration, which would be expected to increase the number and size of fires. Statistical forecasts or simulations of future fire activity often account for direct climatic effects only, neglecting other controls of importance, such as biotic feedbacks. This could result in overestimating the effects of climate change on fire activity, if the future distribution of vegetation or fuels were to change. We incorporated sensitivity to climate or fire weather and vegetation in a fire simulation model, and represented explicitly two key biotic feedbacks linked to succession and regeneration processes. We used this model to forecast annual fire activity from 2011 to 2099 over a large region of boreal forest in Québec, Canada, dominated by balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) or paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), with and without the biotic feedbacks. Our simulations show that vegetation changes triggered by fire disturbance altered future fire activity, and may even be as important a driver as climate change itself. Indeed, over the course of the century, vegetation changes were projected to offset much of the increase in fire activity that would be expected due to global warming as such. It follows that if biotic feedbacks are not included in statistical or simulation-based forecasts, the resultant projections of future fire activity could be biased upwards to a very considerable degree. For the case of end-of-century mean annual burn rate, we estimated this positive bias to be as high as 400%. Accounting for biotic feedbacks in simulation models is therefore necessary for accurate projection of future wildfire activity and associated vegetation changes. Purely statistical forecasts based on current vegetation cannot be relied upon, in the presence of biotic feedbacks. Our results further suggest that vegetation management could reduce fire risk in some systems by altering the abundance and distribution of the most highly flammable fuels, and thus mitigate the impact of climate change on fire activity.
Data from: Temporal dynamics of plant-soil feedback and root-associated fungal communities over 100 years of invasion by a non-native plant
1. Pathogens can accumulate on invasive plants over time, which could lead to population declines. The time required for these dynamics to occur is unknown and seldom addressed. Furthermore, no study has assessed plant-soil feedback while characterising plant pathogen and mutualist root fungal communities in the context of invasion time. 2. We used a plant-soil feedback study and 454 pyrosequencing to investigate pathogen accumulation over 100 years on a highly invasive plant in eastern North America that shows localised declines, Vincetoxicum rossicum (Apocynaceae). 3. We collected soil from five sites representing each of four invasion periods of V. rossicum across Ontario, Canada (old, ~100 years; intermediate, 50-60 years; young, <12 years; and uninvaded), and grew V. rossicum in these soils in a glasshouse study. Our hypothesis was that plants grown in soils invaded for longer periods of time would experience less positive feedbacks compared to those grown in more recently invaded or uninvaded soils. We collected roots of V. rossicum from the invasion periods and performed 454 pyrosequencing targeting fungi. We hypothesised that the abundance and richness of fungi that are known plant pathogens would be higher in roots from older invasions compared to more recent invasions. 4. Contrasting with our hypothesis, V. rossicum experienced overall growth promotion due to soil biota, regardless of invasion period. Vincetoxicum rossicum roots were colonised by a large number of fungal taxa, including many known plant pathogens or mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. However, we found no evidence of pathogen accumulation in older invaded sites in terms of species composition, richness or abundance. 5. Synthesis: Our consistent results in the glasshouse and the field highlight the strength of combining high-throughput sequencing data with plant-soil feedback experiments. We showed that the roots of Vincetoxicum rossicum (Apocynaceae) were colonised by many fungal taxa, but found no evidence for changes in plant growth or accumulation of fungal pathogens with longer invasion time. High pathogen loads may not lead to concurrent declines in invasive plants. Plant invasions, as demonstrated by V. rossicum, may be unpredictable in their ability to accumulate pathogens capable of leading to population declines.
Data from: Feedback between tissue packing and neurogenesis in the zebrafish neural tube
Balancing the rate of differentiation and proliferation in developing tissues is essential to produce organs of robust size and composition. Although many molecular regulators have been established, how these connect to physical and geometrical aspects of tissue architecture is poorly understood. Here, using high-resolution timelapse imaging, we find that changes to cell geometry associated with dense tissue packing play a significant role in regulating differentiation rate in the zebrafish neural tube. Specifically, progenitors that are displaced away from the apical surface due to crowding, tend to differentiate in a Notch-dependent manner. Using simulations we show that interplay between progenitor density, cell shape and changes in differentiation rate could naturally result in negative-feedback control on progenitor cell number. Given these results, we suggest a model whereby differentiation rate is regulated by density dependent effects on cell geometry to: (1) correct variability in cell number; and (2) balance the rates of proliferation and differentiation over development to 'fill' the available space.
Relationships between plant-soil feedbacks and functional traits
<p>Plant-soil feedbacks (PSF) and functional traits are two active but not well theoretically integrated areas of research. However, PSF and traits are both affected by life history evolution, so the two should theoretically be related.</p> <p>We provide a conceptual framework to link plant functional traits to two types of PSF metrics, and hypothesize that individual PSF (plant performance in conspecific versus heterospecific soil) should be related to the fast-slow trait spectrum, while pairwise PSF (the sum of the individual feedbacks for two species growing in each other's soils) should be related to trait dissimilarity. We performed meta-analyses to test these hypotheses by compiling two datasets, one dataset consisting of individual PSF values and plant trait values (specific leaf area, SLA; leaf N concentration, LNC; specific root length, SRL; fine root diameter, FRD; plant height; seed mass), and the second consisting of pairwise PSF values and trait dissimilarity.</p> <p>Our meta-analyses showed that individual PSF values were more negative in faster-growing species with greater SLA, LNC and SRL, supporting the growth-defence trade-off hypothesis. Plant height was positively correlated with individual PSF, perhaps because large, long-lived plants defend against pathogens better than smaller, shorter-lived plants. We also found that larger-seeded species had more positive or less negative PSF, likely reflecting greater tolerance of soil pathogens. The direction of relationships between trait dissimilarity and pairwise PSF varied with trait identity. Dissimilarities in SRL and FRD were negatively correlated with pairwise PSF, while height dissimilarity was positively correlated with pairwise PSF. The contrasting relationships may reflect distinct links between trait dissimilarity and niche and fitness differences.</p> <p>Synthesis. Our results demonstrate how an integration of PSF and trait-based approaches can advance plant community ecology.</p>
Data from: Statistical context dictates the relationship between feedback-related EEG signals and learning
Learning should be adjusted according to the surprise associated with observed outcomes but calibrated according to statistical context. For example, when occasional changepoints are expected, surprising outcomes should be weighted heavily to speed learning. In contrast, when uninformative outliers are expected to occur occasionally, surprising outcomes should be less influential. Here we dissociate surprising outcomes from the degree to which they demand learning using a predictive inference task and computational modeling. We show that the P300, a stimulus-locked electrophysiological response previously associated with adjustments in learning behavior, does so conditionally on the source of surprise. Larger P300 signals predicted greater learning in a changing context, but less learning in a context where surprise indicated a one-off outlier (oddball). Our results suggest that the P300 provides a surprise signal that is interpreted by downstream learning processes differentially according to statistical context in order to appropriately calibrate learning across complex environments.
Economic evaluation of sea-level rise adaptation strongly influenced by hydrodynamic feedbacks: Dataset 2
<p>Coastal communities rely on levees and seawalls as critical protection against sea-level rise; in the U.S. alone, $300 billion in shoreline armoring costs are forecast by 2100. But despite the local flood risk reduction benefits, these structures can exacerbate flooding and associated damages along other parts of the shoreline—particularly in coastal bays and estuaries, where nearly 500 million people globally are at risk from sea-level rise. The magnitude and spatial distribution of the economic impact of this dynamic, however, are poorly understood. Here we combine hydrodynamic and economic models to assess the extent of both local and regional flooding and damages expected from a range of shoreline protection and sea-level rise scenarios in San Francisco Bay, California. We find that protection of individual shoreline segments (5-75 km) can increase flooding in other areas by as much as 36 million cubic meters and damages by $723 million for a single flood event, and in some cases can even cause regional flood damages that exceed the local damages prevented from protection. We also demonstrate that strategic flooding of certain shoreline segments, such as those with gradually sloping baylands and space for water storage, can help alleviate flooding and damages along other stretches of the coastline. By matching the scale of the economic assessment to the scale of the threat, we reveal the previously uncounted costs associated with uncoordinated adaptation actions and demonstrate that a regional planning perspective is essential for reducing shared risk and wisely spending adaptation resources in coastal bays.</p> <p>This dataset is associated with a github repository https://github.com/rmgriffin/OLU-flood-externalities</p> <p>This dataset is part of a two record data repository associated with the paper "Economic evaluation of sea-level rise adaptation strongly influenced by hydrodynamic feedbacks." This is part two.</p>
Economic evaluation of sea-level rise adaptation strongly influenced by hydrodynamic feedbacks: Dataset 1
<p>Coastal communities rely on levees and seawalls as critical protection against sea-level rise; in the U.S. alone, $300 billion in shoreline armoring costs are forecast by 2100. But despite the local flood risk reduction benefits, these structures can exacerbate flooding and associated damages along other parts of the shoreline—particularly in coastal bays and estuaries, where nearly 500 million people globally are at risk from sea-level rise. The magnitude and spatial distribution of the economic impact of this dynamic, however, are poorly understood. Here we combine hydrodynamic and economic models to assess the extent of both local and regional flooding and damages expected from a range of shoreline protection and sea-level rise scenarios in San Francisco Bay, California. We find that protection of individual shoreline segments (5-75 km) can increase flooding in other areas by as much as 36 million cubic meters and damages by $723 million for a single flood event, and in some cases can even cause regional flood damages that exceed the local damages prevented from protection. We also demonstrate that strategic flooding of certain shoreline segments, such as those with gradually sloping baylands and space for water storage, can help alleviate flooding and damages along other stretches of the coastline. By matching the scale of the economic assessment to the scale of the threat, we reveal the previously uncounted costs associated with uncoordinated adaptation actions and demonstrate that a regional planning perspective is essential for reducing shared risk and wisely spending adaptation resources in coastal bays.</p> <p>This dataset is associated with a github repository https://github.com/rmgriffin/OLU-flood-externalities</p> <p>This dataset is part of a two record data repository associated with the paper "Economic evaluation of sea-level rise adaptation strongly influenced by hydrodynamic feedbacks." This is part one.</p>
Surveys reporting feedback from families attending Early Childhood Services during 5-month school closure due to COVID-19: an Italian experience
<p>This dataset reports results of two surveys distributed by <em>Cooperativa Sociale Aeris </em> during Covid19 pandemic to families attending its Early Childhood Services dedicated to 0-3 aged children. Aeris is a social enterprise based in northern Italy that deals with socio-educational and welfare services. One of Aeris activities deals with the management of the ten Early Childhood Services located in the northern Italy which are dedicated to 0-3 aged children. After the school closure occurred the 24<sup>th</sup> of February 2020, Aeris organized online activities to keep contacts with families, to support children as well as their parents. With the aim of assessing if the adopted organization and proposed activities had positive feedback on families, a first survey was distributed in May 2020 and a second survey was distributed in October 2020 to families attending the Early Childhood Services. Survey results are reported in this dataset. Even if several worldwide actions have been implemented to guarantee educational continuity during Covid19 pandemic, most of these actions targeted 3-18 years old children/adolescents, while the subgroup 0-3 was rarely included.</p>
Data for "Joint Dependence of Longwave Feedback on Surface Temperature and Relative Humidity"
<p>The datasets provided here are for the paper, "Joint Dependence of Longwave Feedback on Surface Temperature and Relative Humidity", by Brett A. McKim, Nadir Jeevanjee, and Geoffrey K. Vallis</p> <p>The datasets provided here includes the longwave clear-sky feedback and OLR used in Figures 1, 3, 4, 5. The datasets also includes the transmission to space as a function of wave number used in Figure 2.</p> <p>These datasets are the output of calculations from PyRads, a python-based column model with line-by-line radiative transfer (https://github.com/danielkoll/PyRADS).</p>
Data for the figures of Ando et al. entitled "Hysteresis of the glacial Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation controlled by thermal feedbacks."
<p>Data for the figures of Ando et al. entitled "Hysteresis of the glacial Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation controlled by thermal feedbacks."</p>
POSITIVE AGN FEEDBACK AT HUNDREDS OF KPC SCALES IN A PROTOCLUSTER AT Z=1.7
<p>High-z protoclusters are ideal laboratories to investigate the relation between AGN feedback, ICM heating, and galaxy evolution at the peak formation epoch of galaxy clusters.</p> <p>We will present multi-band observations of a z=1.7 protocluster assembling around an FRII radio-galaxy that provide strong insight into the above processes.</p> <p>A deep (0.5 Ms) Chandra look at the system revealed several spots of diffuse X-ray emission, the most prominent of which (bubble A) overlaps with the Eastern radio lobe. We will discuss thermal emission or Inverse Compton scattering of CMB photons (IC-CMB) as viable mechanisms to produce the observed X-ray spots, and present new LOFAR observations suggesting that bubble A is due to IC-CMB. In addition, the expanding plasma in the Western radio-jet and lobe likely shock-heats pockets of gas in the inhomogeneous ambient medium to the ~keV temperature observed in the other X-ray spots.</p> <p>Bubble A is surrounded by the four galaxies with the largest specific star formation rates among all protocluster members. This calls for remarkable, positive AGN feedback produced hundreds of kpc away from the FRII nucleus by the expanding bubble.</p> <p>We will discuss future observations of the system and finally present prospects for future population studies of similar, high-z protoclusters with the Survey and Time-domain Astrophysical Research eXplorer (STAR-X), a Medium Explorer mission selected by NASA for Phase A study.</p> <p> </p>
Habitat heterogeneity, environmental feedbacks, and species coexistence across timescales (code and figures)
<p>Classic ecological theory explains species coexistence in variable environments. While spatial variation is often treated as an intrinsic feature of a landscape, it may be shaped and even generated by the resident community. All species modify their local environment to some extent, driving changes that can feed back to affect the composition and coexistence of the community, potentially over timescales very different from population dynamics. We introduce a simple, nested modeling framework for community dynamics in heterogeneous environments, including the possible evolution of heterogeneity over time due to community-environment feedbacks. We use this model to derive analytical conditions for species coexistence in environments where heterogeneity is either fixed or shaped by feedbacks. Among other results, our approach reveals how dispersal and environmental specialization interact to shape realized patterns of habitat association and demonstrates that environmental feedbacks can tune landscape conditions to allow the stable coexistence of any number of species. Our flexible modeling framework helps explain feedback dynamics that arise in a wide range of ecosystems and offers a generic platform for exploring the interplay between species and landscape diversity.</p>
Dataset for publication: The Land-Atmosphere Feedback Observatory: A New Observational Approach for Characterizing Land-Atmosphere Feedback
<p>Here are zip files containing the data sets for the figures of the publication "The Land-Atmosphere Feedback Observatory: A New Observational Approach for Characterizing Land-Atmosphere Feedback" by Späth et al., 2023, GI, doi: 10.5194/gi-12-25-2023.</p><p>Data collected from the Halo Doppler lidar (DL), Atmospheric Raman Temperature and HUmidity Sounder ARTHUS, scanning differential absorption lidar (DIAL), Eddy-Covariance stations (EC) and the Water and Temperature Sensor Network (WaTSeN) of the Land-Atmisphere Feedback Observatory LAFO at University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany. The data cover the temporal period as presented in the figures in Späth et al., 2023, GI, doi: 10.5194/gi-12-25-2023.</p>
MESA input/output for Evolutionary and Observational Consequences of Dyson Sphere Feedback
<p>MESA inlists, extras, and output for <a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ac3421">Evolutionary and Observational Consequences of Dyson Sphere Feedback,</a> published in the Astrophysical Journal, 2022.</p> <p>Paper DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac3421</p> <p>Files included for Irradiated star experiments (recreating the work of Tout et al. (1989) in MESA) in irradiatedstar.zip:</p> <ul> <li>src/ <ul> <li>run_star_extras.f: MESA extension allowing for a constant temperature bath to irradiate a star.</li> </ul> </li> <li>inlists/ <ul> <li>inlist_zams: Create a zero age main sequence star.</li> <li>inlist_irrad_tams: Evolve a star from ZAMS to TAMS in a constant temperature irradiation bath.</li> <li>inlist_irrad_hefl: Attempt to evolve a star from TAMS to the helium flash in a constant temperature irradiation bath. Note: This model crashes before the helium flash for many parameter choices.</li> </ul> </li> <li>plots/ <ul> <li>tout_recreation_plot.ipynb: Python Jupyter notebook for generating the Figure 1 in the paper.</li> <li>lifetimes.pdf: My MESA recreation of Figure 5 from Tout et al. (1989).</li> </ul> </li> <li>LOGS/ <ul> <li>*_history: MESA output for the evolution of a given stellar mass to a given age in a given temperature bath.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Files included for Dyson Sphere Feedback experiments in dsfeedback.zip:</p> <ul> <li>src/ <ul> <li>run_star_extras.f: MESA extension allowing for a fraction of a star's luminosity to be dumped back onto the outer layer as extra heat.</li> </ul> </li> <li>inlists/ <ul> <li>inlist_sphere_tams: Evolve a selected model to the end of the main sequence with a given DS feedback fraction.</li> <li>inlist_zams: Create a zero age main sequence star.</li> <li>inlist_zams_lowmass: Create a zero age main sequence star with a timestep limit that helps with lower mass stars.</li> <li>inlist_zamstoage: Evolve a star normally from ZAMS to a selected age (0.6Gyr used here for 2Msun).</li> <li>inlist_zamstosolarage: Evolve a star normally from ZAMS to 4.6 Gyr (used before DS application for 1Msun and lower stars).</li> </ul> </li> <li>plots/ <ul> <li>ds_feedback_plots.ipynb: Python Jupyter notebook for generating the figures 2-9 in the paper.</li> <li>newplots/*: Plots generated from the notebook</li> </ul> </li> <li>LOGS/ <ul> <li>*_history: MESA output for the evolution of a given stellar mass, to a given age, and DS feedback level</li> <li>*_profile: MESA output for the structure of a given stellar mass, at one given age, and DS feedback level</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Email me at mhuston@berkeley.edu if you have any comments or questions!</p> <p>MESA version: 12778</p> <p>MESA SDK version: x86_64-macos-20.4.1</p>
Supplementary material 5 from: Bowman EA, Plowes RM, Gilbert LE (2023) Evidence of plant-soil feedback in South Texas grasslands associated with invasive Guinea grass. NeoBiota 81: 33-51. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.81.86672
Results of t-test examining differences in soil characteristics between invaded and uninvaded sites. Electrical conductivity, phosphorus, and sulfur were log-transformed prior to analysis.
Supplementary material 4 from: Bowman EA, Plowes RM, Gilbert LE (2023) Evidence of plant-soil feedback in South Texas grasslands associated with invasive Guinea grass. NeoBiota 81: 33-51. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.81.86672
Results of one-way ANOVA examining the effect of autoclave time on soil characteristics. Electrical conductivity, phosphorus, and sulfur were log-transformed prior to analysis.
Supplementary material 1 from: Bowman EA, Plowes RM, Gilbert LE (2023) Evidence of plant-soil feedback in South Texas grasslands associated with invasive Guinea grass. NeoBiota 81: 33-51. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.81.86672
Soil sampling sites showing extent of Guinea grass patch (white boundary, I) and adjacent uninvaded grassland (N) with nearby mesquite tree mottes. Google Earth Imagery date 1/13/2014. Scale bar 70m.
Supplementary material 2 from: Bowman EA, Plowes RM, Gilbert LE (2023) Evidence of plant-soil feedback in South Texas grasslands associated with invasive Guinea grass. NeoBiota 81: 33-51. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.81.86672
Initial germination of Guinea grass seed (a) and the seedbank (b) during week 1 was higher in soil from invaded sites than uninvaded sites. All data shown here are non-transformed.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.